泰坦尼克号与国际海事公约
武夷学院分数线-医院党员公开承诺书
航海10级八班学号2220100891姓名：迟永飞序号：
The
Titanic and SOLAS
Abstract:
In 1914, two
years after the Titanic disaster of 1912, in
which 1,503 people lost their lives, maritime
nations gathered in London
adopted the
International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea (SOLAS
Convention), taking into account
lessons learned from the Titanic. The
1914
version was superseded by SOLAS 1929, SOLAS 1948,
SOLAS 1960
(the first adopted under the
auspices of the International Maritime
Organization) and SOLAS 1974. SOLAS 1974 is
still in force today, but it
has been amended
and updated many times. The regulations relating
to
life saving appliances and arrangements,
contained in chapter III of
SOLAS, a new
version of which entered into force on 1 July
1998, are
intended to ensure that in the event
of a catastrophe at sea, passengers
and crew
have the greatest chances of survival.
Test:
Improved design and equipment, better
fire protection,
satellite communications,
rescue planes and helicopters and trained
personnel contribute to improved safety at
sea,I will introduce some
aspects about the
Titanic and SOLAS.
Distress alert :The Titanic
used radio which had a limited range
of 200
nautucal miles. Ships can now communicate globally
via satellites.
Helicopters and rescue planes
Unavailable in 1912, helicopters
and rescue
planes are now used to locate, search for and
rescue
survivors
Speed of
navigation around ice： The Commission into the
Titanic ruled the loss was due to collision
with an iceberg brought about
by excessive
speed at which she was being navigated. Under
SOLAS,
when ice is reported on or near his
course the master of every ship at
night is
bound to proceed at a moderate speed or alter
course.
Lifeboat drill ：No lifeboat drill was
held on the Titanic. Under
SOLAS chapter III
an 'abandon ship' and fire drill must take place
weekly
on all passenger ships.
Ice patrol
：In the first SOLAS 1914, after the Titanic
disaster, ice
patrols in the north Atlantic
were set up and continue to be a SOLAS
requirement.
Evacuation chutes
：Passengers on the Titanic jumped from
windows
and doorways into the lifeboats as they were
lowered, often
injuring themselves or other
passengers New emergency evacuation
chutes are
both safer and quicker.
Public address
system： There was no public address system on
the Titanic and news filtered to the
passengers slowly, adding to the
disorder and
confusion. Under SOLAS, all passenger ships must
be fitted
with a public address system.
Training of crew in lifeboat drill The crew of
the Titanic lacked
training in loading and
lowering the lifeboats and few knew which boat
they were assigned to. Lifeboats were
not filled to capacity because
senior officers
did not know the boats had been tested and were
strong
enough. Under SOLAS, every crew member
must participate in regular
practise drills
and have easy access to training manuals.
Number of lifeboats ：The Titanic did not have
enough lifeboats for all
passengers. Under
SOLAS, passenger ships must carry enough lifeboats
(some of which can be substituted by
liferafts) for all passengers, plus
liferafts
for 25%.
Location： The land station at Cape
Race, Newfoundland and ships other
than the
Carpathia and the Californian heard the Titanic
distress call but
the airwaves were crackling
and the Titanic's position was misinterpreted.
With EPIRBs and global positioning systems,
the position of a ship in
distress can be
automically sent.
The Titanic Hit iceberg at
11.40pm and sank at 2.20am.
The
Carpathia Received distress call at 12.25am.
Travelled 58
miles and picked up first
lifeboat at 4.10am.
The Californian :Stopped
because of the ice less than 20 miles from the
Titanic. Did not approach until after 6.00am
when the Carpathia was
spotted. Arrived at
7.30am - too late to rescue any survivors.
Distress watch:The Californian was less than
20 miles away but the radio
officer had gone
off duty when the distress messages were sent.
Under
SOLAS, every ship while at sea must
maintain a continuous watch on the
distress and safety frequencies.
Lifeboat design Some people died from
hypothermia in the
Titanic lifeboats because
they were open and gave no protection against
the cold. Under SOLAS, lifeboats must be fully
or partially enclosed. On
passenger ships,
partially enclosed lifeboats can be used as they
are
easier to get into, but they must have a
collapsible roof to fold across.
Immersion
suits The sea temperature when the Titanic sank
was
below freezing point and many people died
in the water from
hypothermia. Under SOLAS, a
specific number of immersion suits must
be
carried on both passenger and cargo ships, mainly
for the crews of
rescue boats. Rad
ioCospassarsat satellite wave s Distress watch
Reference
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