专升本翻译历年题精讲透析讲义 1.doc
新西兰留学要求-北京卫校
陕西省专升本大学英语翻译模块培训(一)
一、翻译考试要求及题型
翻译
部分主要测试学生基本的双语互译能力和书面表达能力。要求非英语
专业的学生翻译阅读理解文章中指定
的句子,理解正确、译文达意通顺,翻译速
度每小时300英语词。要求英语专业的学生能将内容熟悉的
汉语译成英语,理解
正确,译文达意通顺,无重大语言错误,翻译速度为每小时250词。
陕西专升本大学英语翻译试题要求将一篇汉语短文译成英语(英语专业学
生做),满分为20分。
二、翻译模块历年题再现
(2005年试题) 中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着
发展经济与保护环境双重任务。
从国情出发,中国在全面推进现代化的进程中,将环境保护视为一项基本
国策,
将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略。同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和
生态环
境保护活动。
自改革开放以来的18年中,中国国民生产总值的年均增长率为10%左右。<
br>环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明,我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者
之间关系的做法是
行之有效的。
中国作为国际社会中的成员。在努力保护自己环境的同时,还积极参与国际<
br>环保事务。促进国际环保合作,认真履行了国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中
国政府和人民保护
全球环境的诚意和决心。
人类在解决环境与发展问题中仍面临着大量的难题,任重而道远。中国将一<
br>如既往,与其他国家合作。为保护我们的生存环境,为人类的幸福和繁荣,为造
福下一代而奋斗。
(352字)
As a developing country, China is
confronted with the dual task of developing
the economy and protecting the environment.
Preceding from its national conditions,
China
has in the process of promoting its overall
modernization program made
environmental
protection one of its basic policies regarded the
realization of sustained
economic development
as an important strategy and meanwhile carried out
throughout the country campaigns for pollution
prevention and treatment as well as
ecological
environmental protection.
Over the 18
years since its adoption of reform and opening
policy, China's gross
national product has
achieved a sustained average annual growth of
around10 percent.
While its environment has
basically ceased from deteriorating, the results
of our work
have shown that China’s endeavor
in striking a balance between economic
development and environmental protection has
been effective.
As a member of the
international community, while making great
efforts to
protect its own environment. China
has taken an active part in international
environmental protection affairs to promote
international cooperation in
environmental
protection and earnestly fulfilled her
international obligations. All
these have
given full expression to the sincerity and
determination of the Chinese
government and
people to protect the global environment.
Mankind still faces a great many
difficulties in solving the problems of the
environment and development and there is a
grand task to perform and a long way to
go.
China will do as it did in the past to cooperate
with other countries of the world
and strive
for the protection of the environment for human
survival for the happiness
and prosperity of
humanity and for the benefits of our children.
(2006年试题)李成业是文化部翻译组的主任。他认为,语言是一种活的东西,
和我们的日常生活息息相关。他说他十分幸运,最初做法庭翻译和目前在翻译组
里的工作,使他能够不断
的学习和接触两种语言。
当他还在学校教英语的时候,就曾翻译了好多英文杂志中的文章,投给本地
英语报。
他说:―学习语言的动机和兴趣都非常重要。‖他把学习语言比喻为跑步,跑
步虽然非常吃力,但运动员
知道它的好处并饶有兴趣,所以还是一点都不觉得厌
倦。
―在学习语言的过程中,我们一定要
创造学习语言的机会和环境。‖他认为看
电影,阅读和交流等都是学习语言的好机会。
最后他
说:―由于现在大家的时间都很有限,如果阅读能力短篇故事或一些
名人的语录,对我们学习英语会很有
帮助,同时也能增进学习的兴趣。‖(312)
Li Chengye is the
head of the Ministry of Culture’s Translation
Section. He
believes that language is
something alive, which relates is relevant to our
daily life
closely. According to him, he was
lucky in the sense that he could maintain his
grasp
of English and Chinese with constant use
of the languages in his work – first as a
court interpreter and now as the supervisor in
the translation section.
Even when he was
a teacher of English, he kept in touch with
Chinese by
translating articles from English
magazines into Chinese for the local press. He
said:
―Internet and motivation are most
important in learning and mastering a language.‖
He compares language learning to jogging. It
is a laborious exercise, but what keeps
the
jogger running is an interest and the knowledge of
the advantages and benefits of
the exercise.
One must always create the environment and
opportunities for language
learning. He
suggests watching movies, reading books, and even
writing to pen-pals
as some of the ways to get
involved in the learning. ―Because of the limited
time we
have, reading short stories, or even
lines of famous quotations of wise men, is good,
and helps make language learning more
interesting,‖ he added.
(2007年试题)端午节
每年农历的
五月初五是中国的一个民间传统节日,叫端午节。在这一天,人
们要赛龙舟、吃粽子。这个节日是为了纪
念著名诗人屈原。
相传两千多年前,楚国诗人屈原因政治改革,屡遭保守势力的诽谤,失去楚
王的信任,后被放逐。最终,因国家衰败,理想无法实现,自投汨罗江而死。
据说,老百姓听到屈原投
江自尽,就有人驱舟去打捞,但没有找到。他们担
心屈原的遗体会被鱼吃掉,便将煮熟的米饭撒到江中。
我们今天吃粽子、赛龙舟
的习俗就是因此慢慢演变而来。(208)
The fifth
day of the fifth lunar month every year is a
traditional Chinese gala
which is named Dragon
Boat Festival, when people hold dragon boat races
and eat
rice dumplings. This gala has been
practiced to commemorate the famous Chinese
poet, Qu Yuan.
It was recorded that
more than two thousand years ago, Qu Yuan, a great
poet in
the state of Chu, was defamed by the
conservatives because he was inclined to reform
the government. As a result, he lost the
king’s trust and was driven out of the state. At
last, seeing that he could not reach his goal
in a declining state, he jumped into the
Mi-
Luo River and ended his life.
It is said that
people went to save him by boat on hearing of his
suicide, but in
vain. Therefore, they threw
cooked rice into the river for fear that his body
might be
eaten by fishes. The dumplings we eat
and the dragon boats we race today both result
from the story.
(2008年试题)在家里,家长可以做一些鼓
励孩子发挥创造力的事情。如果遇
到合适的问题,家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见,让他们参与决策。
家长还应
鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情,大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能
力。给
孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩子自己作决定并清楚其后果,
要让孩子从尽可能早的年龄开始
这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力,即便只是
在午餐的两种食物的选择上做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长
大,家长应该让孩子自
己做主支配时间和金钱;当他们做出错误的决定时,不要不假思索给予过多的帮<
br>助。这种做法可能会使孩子迷惑不解,但这没有关系。因为富有创造力的人有很
强的动力,他们能
够从混乱中创造秩序。(290)
There are things that parents
can do at home to encourage children’s creativity.
They can involve children in decision-making
if the problem is appropriate, asking
children
for suggestion. Parents should also encourage
their children to talk out loud
about things
they are doing, for talking out loud improves
language skills and thinking
skills. It is
also very important to give children choices. From
the earliest age,
children should be allowed
to make decisions and understand their
consequences.
Even if it’s choosing between
two food items for lunch, decide how to use their
time
or spend their money but not
automatically help them too much if they make
wrong
decisions. This may be confusing for
children, but that is all right, because the
creative people are of strong motivation and
capable of making order out of
confusion.
(2009年试题)家
何以为家?家就是爱、支持和信任,是其成员之间温馨情感共存之处,
父母
给孩子以呵护,孩子也关注父母的行为。父母和孩子因爱而紧密相连,家成为世
上最令人愉
悦的地方。
没有爱的家庭,如同没有灵魂的躯体,也就不能称其为―家‖。作为社会的一
员,
没有人能独自生存。一个人可能过着成功而富足的生活。但锦衣玉食不一定
就幸福。世界历史上的许多伟
人都对家有着深深的眷恋。
也许你的家贫穷而简陋,但这正是你的职责所在。你应该努力使你的家更温
馨舒适,面临的困难愈大,你的收获愈多。(224)
Home
What makes a home? Love, sympathy and confidence.
It is a place where kindly
affections
exist among all the members of the family. The
parents take good care of
their children, and
the children are interested in the activities of
their parents. Thus all
of them are bound
together by affection, and they find their home to
be the cheeriest
place in the world.
A
home without love is no more a home than a body
without a soul is a man.
Every civilized
person is a social being. Now one should live
alone. A man may lead a
successful and
prosperous life, but prosperity alone can by no
means insure happiness.
Many great personages
in the world history had deep affections for their
homes.
Your home may be poor and humble,
but your duty lies there. You should try to
make it cheerful and comfortable. The greater
the difficulties, the richer will be your
reward.
(2010年试题)―理想‖一词对于不同的人可能有着不同的含义。在一些
人
看来,理想可能意味着事业上的成功和荣誉;在另一些人看来,理想可能意味着
平静的生活。
我们常常有自我理想,却没有社会理想。我认为年轻人应该有理想。
这些理想不能仅仅以自我为中心,而
应该以大多数人的理想为中心。这样才能得
到力量并对生活充满信心。树立理想意味着采取真正具体的行
动。对于我们学生
来讲,最重要的事情就是学习。有时,在向着理想前进的时候,我们可能会经历
困难和失败。然而我们不应该放弃希望。如果我们的理想正是大多数人的愿望,
我们就不会丧失勇气!
(247)
To different people,the word―ideal‖may
mean different things.To some, it may
mean
success and fame in their career;to others,a
peaceful often,we have
ideals for the self
but no ideals for the society.
In my opinion,a
youth should have these ideals are not merely
centered on the should also be the ones for
the majority of we
would get strength and
confidence towards life.
The setting up of an
ideal means that real and concrete action should
be taken.
For us students,the most important
thing is to mes,in striving toward our
ideals,we may encounter certain difficulties
and failures,but we should not giv up
will
never lose heart if our ideals are the wish of the
many!
(2011年试题)自 立
上大学之前,我从没离开过家。临行前,父母
叮嘱我要学着自立,教我家人
不在身边时,如何处理可能遇到的问题。他们反复强调自立的重要性,我当
时不
以为然。
入学后的第一个周末,我打算洗衣服。走进盥洗室,我忽然有些不知所措。<
br>我从没洗过衣服,一下子不知该从何做起,甚至忘了放洗衣粉,一番忙碌之后,
却并没有把衣服洗
干净。我又累又窘,真想放弃,但此时我必须靠自己。
只有在遇到困难而又无法依赖
他人时,我才意识到自立的重要性。对年轻
人来说,在未来生涯中,学会独立解决问题和克服困难很重要
。(234)
(2012年试题)我打算用我从诺贝尔和平奖所获的奖金,为那些无家可归
者
建立家园。因为我相信,爱源自家庭。如果我们能为穷人建立家园,爱就会传
播得更广。而且,我们可以
通过这种博大的爱,给他们带来快乐。当我们把一个
饥肠辘辘的流浪者从街上带回家时,给他一碗米饭、
一片面包,就能帮助他消除
饥饿,使他心满意足。相反,如果我们让他一直露宿街头,他会感到不为人所
需,
不为人所爱,被社会抛弃——这样的贫困状态会让他绝望、心碎。因此,让我们
首先从微笑
开始,因为微笑就是爱的开端。心中有爱,我们才会去帮助他人,奉
献爱心。(234)
(2
013年)爱之初,要让我们所爱的人做他们自己,而不要把他们变成我
们心目中的形象。否则,我们所
爱的仅仅是我们在他们身上的影子。最快乐的人
不必事事尽善尽美,他们只会让大部分的事情顺其自然。
当你呱呱落地时,你大声地哭泣,周围的每个人都向你微笑。而当你走完人
生时,你是唯一微笑
的人,周围的每个人却要为你落泪。
光明前程建立在对过去的忘怀上,如果不能忘怀往昔的失误与烦恼
,生活就
难以逞心如意。(185)
三、翻译的评分标准
(1)整篇文章译文正确,无重大语法错误,句型正确,拼写错误很少,得17~20
分。
(2)译文基本正确,但不通顺,有少量语法错误和拼写错误,得14~16分。
(3)译文
基本正确,但有重大语法错误和相当数量拼写错误,不少意群译文有误,
得10~13分。
(4)只有部分句子译文正确,一半以上的句子译文有误,有大量拼写错误,得7~
9分。
(5)只有三分之一的句子译文正确,绝大部分句子译文有误,得3~6分。
(6)只有个别句子译文正确,得1~2分。
(7)译文支离破碎,不成句子或意思全错,得零分。
四、 反思
1 题型以汉译
英、篇章翻译为主,侧重于考察考生的语言技能和语法功底,
且文章内容不会过于时事性,多以传统的篇
目为主。
2
要求翻译的字数约为250字左右,以记叙、抒情、说理类材料为主;分值
为20分。
3 陕
西专升本大学英语考试翻译模块中,目标译文中以积极词汇为主,一般
不含有生僻词汇、难词;但是由于
英汉两种语言的区别,目标译文中英文句子的
难点在于主从复合句。
4 评分时,按意思给分
(将总分按照考察知识点分布相对均衡地进行分布,
按意思的到位与否、语言是否符合英文表达习惯即是
否达到忠实通顺进行评分)。
注重句子的完整性、语法的正确性、拼写的准确性等。
五、英译汉、汉译英的难点
英语翻译成汉语时,其过程可分为理解和表达两个阶段:
英文理解难(两国
的历史、文化、风俗习惯不同,思维习惯不同);中文表达难(英译汉时有时很
难找到一个理想的词汇);同时,英译汉时对各种文化知识的要求很高。因此,
熟悉英语文化,夯实英
汉两种语言的基础,对英汉两种语言的特点加以对比、总
结、概括,找出一般的规律(即翻译技巧)是我
们做好英汉翻译的前提。
汉语翻译成英文时,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本熟<
br>悉的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。最容易犯的错误是译成中国式英
语,英文明显带有
汉语语言特点的印记。
要提高汉译英的翻译水准,必须打牢英语语言的根基,对英语的特点、规律和表达方式进行观察、积累和总结,并在实践中进行模仿,使英文符合英语的语
法、习惯表达和遣词
造句规则。
六、英译汉汉译英翻译过程
1 翻译的标准:忠实、通顺
2
翻译的过程
1)理解阶段
A 理解语言现象:理解原文的词汇含义、句法结构及惯用法。
B 理解逻辑关系:通过上下文联系理解原文的逻辑关系。
C
理解原文涉及的事物:特别是理解特有的事物、历史背景、典故、专门
术语等。
2)表达阶段
A 直译:在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,有保持原文的形式,特别是保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
B意译:要求译文能准确表达原文的内容,不拘泥于原文的形式。
3)校核阶段
单词拼写、句子结构、逻辑关系是否准确;有无錯译、漏译;标点符号是否
正确等。
七、如何培养汉译英英译汉翻译能力?
1
要求考生提高汉英两种语言的理解能力、系统掌握两种语言的区别及有关句子
成分的知识、
2
掌握汉译英英译汉的翻译方法(词类转化、增减法、合句分句法、顺译逆译
法等)、典型汉语句子的翻译
方法(主题句、意合句、流水句、连动句、兼语句、
无主句等)、被动语态的转移、语篇衔接与连贯;掌
握典型英语句子的翻译方法
如;定语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、宾语从句及各种副词性从句的翻译方
法。
3 汉译英的目标语言为英语,考生应准确掌握英语句子的各种知识及各种主从
复合句
。英译汉的目标语言为汉语,应着重考虑汉语的表达通顺、到位的问题。
1)名词性从句:主语从句
宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性that从句
名词性wh-从句 if,
whether引导的名词从句 否定转移
http:
2) 形容词性从句:定语从句
http:
3) 副词性从句:状语从句 http:
八:备考关键
1:研究真题,仔细揣摩翻译方法。
2:掌握英语句子的各种知识及各种主从复合句,准确找出句子错误。
3:从事一定量的汉译英的翻译,逐步提高汉语理解、英文表达、英文文章欣赏
的能力。