英美概况上 知识点总结
孟祥斌电影-禁毒主题班会教案
Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）
flag of Britain :
Union Jack
2.
time joining the British parliament:
However,
in by agreement of the English and Scottish
parliaments, Scot
land joined the Union.
ence between the British Isles ,UK, Great
Britain , and England:
British Isles:
the island of Great Britain
the island of
Ireland
surrounding isles
UK=Great
Britain + Northern Ireland
Great Britain
=England +Scotland + Wales
four major
invasions in the history of Great Britain :
At
first, England was occupied by Celtic people.
Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman
empire.
the Angle-Saxon invaded.
The land
they lived becameAngle-landchanged into England,
t
he language they spoken became English.
the Vikings invaded.
in a certain cultural
divide between northerners and southerners in
En
gland, which can be expressed as versus
the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this
country.
in invading
London: (P4)
Unit2（选择、判断、填空）
Northern Ireland (often
called an ancient Irish kingdom)
ties to seek
Irish independence :
Home -rule
The
Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular
event, in which
the rebels took over Dublin's
Post Office, forcing the British to retake it
by military means.
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cal parties:
the Sinn Fein party
legal IRA:
Irish Republican Army (illegal)
cal troubles
in Northern Ireland (famous):
Indigenous
Roman Catholics vs. Protestant immigrates
Partition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would
form an independen
t
statewhile the 6
north-eastern counties would remain a part of the
UK.
Good Friday Agreement :(了解下，P26)
Unit 3
s of state building:
The
process of state-building has been one of
evolution rather than rev
olution.
oldest
institution of government in Britain :
Britain
is both a parliamentary democracy and a
constitutional monarc
hy.
right of kings :
It was held that the sovereign derived his
authority from God, not fro
m his subjects.
Carta :
limits on the king's ability to
abuse his royal power.
Bill of Rights :
ensured that the King would never be able to
ignore Parliament. ( Will
iam of Orange 时期)
Constitution :(P39)
functions of
parliament :（P40）
ment:
She
is legally head of the executive, an integral part
of the legislature,
head of the judiciary,
commander in chief of the armed forces and
me
governorof the Church of England，a confidante to
the Prime Minist
er（了解下）
do not receive
salaries ，both sexist and elitist (了解下) Lords
Spiritu
al hereditary peers
Lords Temporal
life peers
(P42) 重要
Unit4
importance of general elections:(P50) electoral
campaigns :
(P51)
formation of the
government :(P50)
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relations in the
UK:(P59) 了解下
main political parties in the
UK:
the Conservative Party won 4
elections in row a party of the
ddle
改革(There were also negative
consequences) 了解下
Unit5 (判断、选择、填空)
1、Absolute Decline
2、Relative Decline of
the UK economy: (P71) 重要
3、the reason for its
relative decline :(了解下)
the country had gone
heavily into debt in order to finance the war
the era of empire was over
Large military
expenses
Outdated industries and less-
competitive products
A lack of close
relationship between industry and banks
division of British industries :
Primary
industries (mining industry 矿业)
Secondary
industries (steelindustry钢铁业)
Tertiary
industries (insurance 保险， the selling of goods)
City: The name given to the historic area at
the centre of Londo
n
London Stock
Exchange: The heart of the City
（伦敦的中心是伦
敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）
Unit6（填空、选择、判断）
f :
One of the
oldest of these early Englishliterary works is a
long
poem from Anglo-Saxon times called
Beowulf.
ey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales
ethan Drama:
Marlowe ： The Tragical
History of Dr Faustus
William Shakespeare
The Taming of the Shrew Hamlet A
Midsummer Night's Dream Othell
o （重要） King Lear
The Tempest
Macbeth.
：Richard III, Richard
II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar，
An
tony
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and Cleopatra
17th
Century:
John Milton : Paradise Lost
18th
Century:
Jonathan Swift : Gulliver's Travels
Romantic Period:
William Wordsworth and
Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads
（m
arked the beginning of the Romantic Period.
）
George Gordon, Lord Byron Three men John
Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Nineteenth
Century Novel:
Mary Shelley: Frankenstein
Sense and Sensibility
Jane Austen
Pride and Prejudice
Emma
Charlotte : Jane
Eyre
the Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering
Heights
Ann
Elizabeth Gaskell : North and
South
Oliver Twist
Charles Dickens David
Copperfield
Great Expectations
The Return
of the Native
Thomas Hardy Tess of the
D’Urbervilles
Jude the Obscure
writers in
the 19th century of Britain:
Mary Shelley
Jane Austen
the Bronte sisters
Elizabeth Gaskell
9.20th Century
Literature :
Twentieth century literature can
be broadly divided into two stylistic p
eriods:
Modernism, and Postmodernism.
Joseph Conrad ：
The Heart of Darkness
Mrs. Dalloway
Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse
Orlando
A Room of One's Own
D. H. Lawrence : Sons
and Lovers
Unit7
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purpose of the
British education system:
① provide children
with literacy and the other basic skills
②
socialise children
③ children are taught
practical skills
④ learn the rules and values
⑤ participate in the community
⑥
contribute to the economic prosperity of an
advanced industrial eco
nomy.
influence of
the church on schooling:
education
was voluntary and many of the schools that existed
were s
et up by
churches.
religious
education was the only subject
Daily prayers
and singing hymns is still a regular part of
school life
National Curriculum：
All
children throughout the country must study the
following subjects:
English,
mathematics,
science, religious education, history, geography,
technology,
music, art, physical education,
and a modern foreign language.
All children
throughout the country must pass national tests
and sch
ools.
All teachers are told what
to teach and their schools are now ranke
d
according to
how well they perform this task.
school:
93% of pupils receive free
education from the public sector.
ndent
school(public schools private school):
Independent schools are not part of the
national education system.
Etor school
Larrow school
Winchester college
hensive school:
Entrance exams were
abolished.
Such schools provide a general
education. Pupils can study everything f
rom
academic subjects like literature and sciences, to
more practical subje
cts like cooking and
carpentry.
r school：
Those who show
academic potential are admitted to the grammar
scho
ols where the emphasis is on advanced
academic work rather than the mo
re general
curriculum of the comprehensive schools.
：General Certificate of Secondary Education
：General Certificate of Education-Advanced
：General National Vocational Qualifications
universities in Britain：
British
universities are public bodies，except one
university, the Univers
ity of Buckingham.
Open University：
The Open
University offers a non-traditional route for
people to take u
niversity level
courses
and receive a university degree , through
textbooks, tv and rad
io broadcasts,
correspondence, videos, residential schools
and a network of study centr
es.
Unit8
ies to establish UN:
permanent members of
the UN Security Council:
the Soviet Union, the
United States, China ,France, UK
foundations
of Britain's foreign policy: making of
Britain's
foreign policy:(P128)
relationship between Britain and the EU (P128)
The decision joined the EEC ( psychological ,
natural , controversial )
The UK has always
been less enthusiastic about giving up its
national
sovereignty to a European government.
commonwealth:
Britain is also a member of
the Commonwealth, a voluntary association
of
states .
There are 50 members of the
Commonwealthhich is made up mostly of
former
British
colonies.
( North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation ) :
protect member states against
aggression
provide a foundation for security
in Europe
provide a forum for transatlantic
defence cooperation
l relationship with US:
has gone through many up and downs
ndent
nuclear weapons capability:
Britain is a
traditional sea power.
Unit9
division of
British media: （降序排列）
① TV
② Newspaper (In
Britain, most advertising is carried in
newspapers)
③ Radio
④ Magazine
functions of the British media:
①
Entertainment
② Provide British people with
information about political and social iss
ues
③ Provide weather reports
④ Carry
advertising
⑤ Used for educational purposes
⑥ Provide a forum for people to write letters
or phone in to express t
heir views
第68页
or seek advice
⑦ Help Britain engender
national culture
newspaper:
The very
names of British newspapers-The Times, The
Observer, The
Guardian—still
suggest that
the function of the paper is to offer the
electorate objectiv
e reports about
what is
happening in the country
issued
internationally: y press and gutter press:
The
Times The Sun gutter press The Guardian Quality
press
The Observer
street:
It is also
known as the Street of Shame
:(P144)
Unit10
born in Britain :
Cricket,
football, lawn tennis, golf, rugby
FA
Cup:(Football Association Cup)
ll violent
sport
Wimbledon
courts. It is
one of
the major events of the British sporting calendar
and probably
the most famous
tennis event
in the world.
4. Cricket:
Cricket was one
of the very first team sports in Britain to have
organi
sed rules and to
be played according
to the same rules nationally.
5. Golf:
The game of golf was invented by the
Scottish.
6. Horse sports:
Flat racing
steeplechasing
The Grand Ntional
The
Royal Asot : people usually dress up and show off
their fashionabl
e cloth and elaborate hats for
the social event
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7. Three
traditions of Christmas:(P163)
gifts or
money to their staff or servants.
8. Religious
holiday: Easter
Christmas
al Holidays:
-----Queen's Birthday
the colouraround
Buckingham Palace
ys in the 4 nations:
England:
Guy Fawkes Night (the Bonfire Night,
celebrated in November) Nort
hern Ireland:
St Patrick's Day(March 17)
Orange
Marches,Battle of the Boyne (July 12)
Scotland:
Hogmanay (12.31)
Burns
Supper(1.25)
Halloween (10.31)
Wales:
The Eisteddfod: festival of music making and
poetry