安阳市党建网-王双宝

国际公法 名词解释
1、Hugo Grotius 格劳秀斯
A Dutch senolar and diplomat,is known as the “father” of modern
international law
2、The peace of Westphalia 《威斯特伐利亚和约》
The peace of Westphalia established a treaty-based system or framework
for peace and cooperation in Europe,that endured for more than a hundred
years
威斯特伐利亚和约建立了一个以条约为基础的体系，给欧洲带来了100多年的
和平与合作
3、the “declaratory theory of recognition” “承认宣告说” P37
A defined territory ,a permanent population , an effective government,
and the capacity to enter into relations with other states, an entity is
ipso facto a state once these conditions are met,regardless of what other
states do or say
当这些条件（特定的领土，永久性人口，有效运作的政府 ，与其他国家建立外交
关系的能力）具备时，一个实体就可以依照事实本身成为一个国家，无需取决于< br>其他国家的态度和行为
4、the “constitutive theory of recognition” “承认构成说’ P 37
The theorist contend that only when other states decide that such
condition haven been met ,and consequently acknowledge the legal capacity
of the new state , is a new state actually constituted .
只有当其他国家认为这些条件都已具备，并最终承认这个新国家的法律地 位时，
一个新国家才算构成
5、The 1930 Estrada Doctrine 埃斯特拉达主义 P 40
A new government comes to power is wholly a matter if national concern.
一个新政府上台的方式完全属于一个国家的内部事务
6、The General Assembly 联合国大会 P 46
The only U.N. organ in which all member states have the right to be
represented and to vote
联合国大会是联合国唯一的所有会员国都具有代表权和投票权的机关
7、The Security Council 安全理事会P 46—47
The Security Council has “primary responsibility for the maintenance
of international peace and security.”It consists of fifteen member
states,five of them are permanent members.
安理会的职责是维护国际和平及安全。它包含15个理事国和5个常任理事国。
8、double veto双重否决 49
It permits each permanent members to use its first veto to prevent the
characterization of a resolution as“procedural”and the second veto to
defeat the resolution itself.
双重否决容许一个常任理事国运用其第一次否决权， 避免一项决议被定性为“程
序性”的决议，然后再动用其第二次否决权去挫败这项决议。
9、U.N specialized agencies联合国专门机构 P 52
They are autonomous international organizations having an institution

affiliation with the U.N.
它们是一批自主的的国际组织，但是与联合国在机构上存在联系。
10、negotiation 谈判 P67
Bilateral and multilateral negotiation to resolve differences between
two or more states or between groups of states may be carried out by
diplomatic correspondence,or by face-to-face encounters between
permanent diplomatic envoys or specially designated negotiators
双边和多边谈判旨在解决 两国或多国之间或者国家集团之间的分歧，可以通过外
交文书来进行，也可以通过外交使节或特派谈判代 表间面对面的接触而展开
11、mediation 调停P 68
Mediation consists of third-party effors to assist the parties to a
dispute to resolve their disagreements through negotiation
调停是通过第三方的努力来协助争端双方通过谈判解决分歧
12、I.C.J （International court of justice）国际法院 P 78
The I.C.J , which is the principal judicial organ of the United
Nation ,come into being in 1945 .
国际法院成立于1945年，是联合国的主要司法机关
13、treaty P104
The VCLT defines a treaty as “an international agreement concluded
between States in written form and governed by international law„„”
《维也纳公约》定义：国家间所缔结而以国际法为准之国际书面协定„„
14、Universal Declaration of human rights 《世界人权宣言》
On December 10,1948 the General Assembly of the U.N. adopted and
proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which is aimed at
maintaining the basic human rights 《世界人权宣言》是联合国大会于1948年12月10日通过的一份旨在维护人类
基本权利的文献
15、Territorial principle 属地原则P 205
A state has absolute,but not necessarily exclusive,power to regulate
conduct that occurs within its own may also act affect
interests in a res or the status of persons located within its territory. 一国对于管辖在其领土范围内的行为具有绝对的、但未必是排他的权力。它还
可以采取行动影响其领 土内对物的利益以及个人的身份。
16、Nationality principle 国籍原则
States may exercise jurisdiction over their nationals and over the
conduct of their nationals even when those nationals or conduct are
phyisically outside the state’s territory
各国可以对其国民及国民的行为行使管辖权，甚至当这些国民或行为实际上处于
其领土之外
17、Passive personality principle 消极人格原则P 209
In limited circumstance states have asserted the authority to exercise
jurisdiction over acts committed abroad on the ground that they injure
a national of the claiming state.
< br>在少数情况下，有的国家以某些行为对求偿国国民造成伤害为由，主张对发生

在其 国外的行为有权管辖
18、Protective principle 保护性原则P 211
A state may exercise jurisdiction over conduct outside its territory that
threatens its security (such as counterfeiting the state’s money or
fabricating its visa documents), as long as that conduct is generally
recognized as criminal by states in the international community.
一国可以对发生在其领土外的、威胁其安全的行为行使管辖权（例如伪造该国
货币，或伪造其签 证文件），只要这种行为是国际社会所公认的罪行
19、Universality principle 普遍性原则 211
A state may exercise jurisdiction over conduct outside its territory if
that conduct universally dangerous to states and their natinals.
如果某一行为对各国及其国民普遍存在危险，一国可以对该行为行使管辖
20、baseline 基线259
The normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is
the low-water line along the coast as marked on large charts officially
recognized by the coastal State
测算领海宽度的正常基线是沿海国官方承认的大比例尺海图所标明的沿岸低潮
线
21、Contiguous zone 毗连区
Prior to the modern law of the sea codification .some states claimed a
jurisdictional zone outside their territorial sea , usually for custom
and security purpose .A coastal state may exercise control over a
contiguous zone extending no more than twenty-four nautical miles from
the baselines.
在当代海洋法法典化之前，有的国家主张其领海意外的另一个管辖区域，他 们这
么做往往出于海关和安全的目的。沿海国可以对从基线算起不超过二十四海里的
毗连区实行 必要的管制