三种常用的时态
深圳市职业技术学校-拜访函
一般现在时
一、一般现在时的特征:
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every
day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如: The earth goes
around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、如何判断句子中的主语是单数第三人称?
句子中的主语S可以归纳以下三类:
三、结构:
1.Be
动词的一般现在时态。.
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am, is,are
构成:
肯定句: I amWe are He is She is It is
They areYou are +表语
如:I am a student. 我是一个学生。
否定句:I amWe are He is She is It is They areYou
are +not+表语
如:I am not a student.我不是一个学生。
疑问句:be动词+主语 +表语
1
北文何老师
(1) 在肯定句中寻找isamare这几个单词
I am a good
student. He is a tall boy.
(2)若句子中出现以上几个单词,就直接把这几个单词放到句子的最前面,后面句子
照抄,
注意大小写字母的变化,并把句点改为问号。
I am a good student.
→→→→Am I a good student? Are you a good student?
(I am 是特殊的,通常用Are you…?进行提问)
He is a tall
boy. →→→→ Is he a tall boy?
They are cute
flowers. →→→→ Are they cute flowers?
2.
实义动词的一般现在时态
(1)当主语是第三人称单数时:动词变相应的第三人称单数形式
肯定句:主语+动词s(动词第三人称单数形式)+其它
She likes to eat
pizza.她喜欢吃比萨。
否定句:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它
She
doesn’t like to eat pizza.她不喜欢吃比萨。
一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它
Does she like to eat
pizza.她喜欢吃比萨吗?
肯定回答 Yes,主语+does Yes, she
does.
否定回答 No,主语+doesn't No, she doesn’t.
(2)当主语不是第三人称单数时:
肯定句: 主语+动词原形+其它
We
like to eat pizza.我们喜欢吃比萨。
否定句:主语+don't+动词原形+其它
2
北文何老师
We don’t like eat pizza.我们不喜欢吃比萨。
一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其它
Do you like to eat
pizza?你们喜欢吃比萨吗?
肯定回答 Yes,主语+do Yes, we do.
否定回答 No,主语+don't No, we don’t.
四、当句子中的主语S是单数第三人称时,动词单数第三人称形式的变形规律如下:
1.大部分的动词+s , 如run→runs , swim→swims, hop→hops等
2.以ch, sh, o, x, s结尾的动词,必须+ es
如:wash→washes,teach→teaches, do→does,
watch→watches,catch→catches, go→goes X,
S结尾的动词较少只要记住此概念即可。
3. 以y结尾的动词,有两种情况
a.
动词以y结尾,并且在y字母旁边含有a,e,i,o,u其中一个字母,动词直接+s
如:play→plays (动词中y旁边有a字母) sway→sways
b.
动词以y结尾,并且在y字母旁边不含有a,e,i,o,u其中一个字母,动词必须去掉
y+ies
如:fly→flies, cry→cries, (动词中不含有元音字母)
study→studies (动词中含有u, 但是不在y的旁边,必须去y+ies)
五、不规则变化的动词三单形式:
have---has
六、按要求改写句子
1. My dog runs fast.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
2. Mike has two letters for him.
否定句: 一般疑问句:
3
北文何老师
一般过去时
一、一般过去时:指已经发生过的动作或事件,至今为止这个动作或事件已经停止。
二、标志词:yesterday, last week, last year, last
month, a year ago, a minute ago
Eg: I went to
Eric’s party last week.
三、结构:
1.Be
动词的一般过去时态.
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am, is 的过去式为was;
are的过去式为were.
构成:
肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语
如:We weren't
late yesterday. (我们昨天没有迟到)
疑问句:was (were) +主语
+表语+表示过去的时间
Were you late yesterday? 你们昨天迟到了吗?
2.实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.
肯定句:主语+动词过去式+宾语
I went to school
yesterday. 我昨天去了学校。
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
I didn’t go to school yesterday. 我昨天没有去学校。
疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
Did you go to school
yesterday?你昨天去学校了吗?
4
北文何老师
四、动词的过去式变形
1.直接加ed:work—— worked
look——looked
2.以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived
hope——hoped use——used
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的 (以y结尾,
并且y旁边没有元音字母的动词),变y为i加ed:
study—— studied
carry——carried worry——worried
4.重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母, 再加ed
所谓“重读闭音节”:从动词的末
尾开始寻找,如果倒数第二个字母是元音字母,并且
元音字母两边的字母没有组合音,没有变音,都独自
发音,这样的动词都必须,双写
后,以一个辅音字母结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop——
stopped plan——planned
五、不规则变化的动词过去式:
have
---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt
dodoes---did is---was go---went
drink--drank
eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy
----bought catch---- caught
teach ---- taught
sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept
sleep——slept see----saw
become----became
[1]
read——read
六、按要求改写句子。
are all
happy.(改成一般过去时) We _____ all happy.
2. I
visited my grandparents last week. (改成疑问句)
__________________________________________________
_____
4. I played a lot of games with my
friends in the park. (对划线部分提问)
___________
____________________________________________
5. I did my homework last night(改成疑问句并作肯定否定回答)
_____________________________________________
___________
5
北文何老师
6.
There were some ducks in the zoo last year.
(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
___________________________
____________________________________
现在进行时 一、现在进行时:表示正在发生或进行的动作。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现
在”,动作目
前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,
这个动作还在进行中。至
于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心
的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几
年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这
是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。
二、现在进行时常用以下几种情况: (现在进行时标志词:now, at the
moment)
1、当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
2、以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如: Listen!She is singing an English
song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
三、构成:由动词+
v-ing构成。(V-ing表示在动词后面加上ing)
肯定句式:主语 + be( am,
is, are)+ V-ing +其它.
e.g I am doing my
homework. He is washing his clothes. You are
flying a kite.
否定句式:主语 + be(am, is, are) +not
+ V-ing +其它.
e.g I am not doing my homework.
He is not washing his clothes. You are not
flying a kite.
一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) + 主语 +
V-ing +其它?
e.g Are you doing your homework?
Is he washing his clothes? Am I flying a kite?
e.g What are you doing in the house? Where is
he going? When is she doing her homework?
四、动词的ing形式变形
6
北文何老师
1)一般情况在动词原形后直接加 -ing
go---going , stand
---standing , cook---cooking, do---doing
2)以e 结尾的动词,要去掉 e + ing.
take---taking,
make---making, have---having
3)
重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母, 再加ing
所谓“重读闭音节”:从动词的末尾开始寻找
,如果倒数第二个字母是元音字母,并且
元音字母两边的字母没有组合音,没有变音,都独自发音,这样
的动词都必须,双写
后,再加上ing
get- getting , put---
putting, run—running, begin---beginning swim---
swimming
e.g eat---eating
这个动词有ea组合音,所以不能双写
study---studying
这个动词倒数第二个字母不是元音字母,不能双写
4)以 -ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 变成
y ,再加 ing.
die--dying , lie—lying, tie---
tying
五、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1. The boy
__________________ (draw) a picture now.
2.
Listen! Some girls _______________ (sing) in the
classroom.
3. My mother _________________
(cook) some nice food now.
4. What _____ you
______ (do) now?
5. Look! They
_______________ (have) an English lesson.
6.
They ____________ (not, water) the flowers now.
7. Look! The girls ________________(dance )in
the classroom .
8. What is our granddaughter
doing? She ____________(listen ) to music.
7
北文何老师
现在完成时
一、现在完成时:表示到说话时
为止(或到现在为止)已经发生或完成了(不一定结
束)的动作或状态。过去某一时间开始并一直持续到
现在并且有可能还会持续的动作
或状态。
二、标志词:
already(已经,
用于肯定句),yet(已经,用于否定,疑问句中),just(刚刚),even
(曾经),sin
ce(自从 ) , recently(最近), never(从不)等:
三、构成havehas+动词的过去分词
肯定句中:主语+hashave+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)
She has already had her holiday this
year.她今年已经度过假了。
否定句中:主语+haven'thasn't+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语
She hasn’t had her holiday yet this
year.她今年还没有度过假。
一般疑问句中:HaveHas+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)
Has she had her holiday yet this
year?她今年已经度假了吗?
四、动词的过去分词变形
1.直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked
2.以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped
use——used
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的 (以y结尾,
并且y旁边没有元音字母的动词),变y为i加ed:
study—— studied
carry——carried worry——worried
4.重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母, 再加ed stop—— stopped
plan——planned
五、不规则变化的动词过去式:
8
北文何老师
不规则动词表
Ⅰ. A-A-A
型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
1
花费
2
割
3
打,击
4
伤害
5
让
6
放
7
读
8
伸展,传播
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
spread
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
spread
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
spread
Ⅱ. A-A-B 型(动词原形和过去式同形)
1
跳动
beat
beat beaten
Ⅲ. A-B-A 型(动词原形和过去分词同形)
1
变成
2
来
3
跑
become
come
run
became
came
ran
become
come
run
Ⅳ. A-B-B 型(过去式和过去分词同形)
1
挖
2
得到
3
吊死
4
悬挂
dig
get
hang
hang
dug
got
hanged
hung
dug
got
hanged
hung
9
北文何老师
5
握着,举行
6
产卵
7
照耀
8
坐
9
赢
10
遇见
11
保持
12
睡觉
13
打扫
14
感觉
15
逃跑
16
闻
17
离开
18
建设
19
借出
20
传送
21
花费
22
沉下
23
丢失
24
燃烧
25
学习
hold
lay
shine
sit
win
meet
keep
sleep
sweep
feel
flee
smell
leave
build
lend
send
spend
sink
lose
burn
learn
held
laid
shone
sat
won
met
kept
slept
swept
felt
fled
smelledsmelt
left
built
lent
sent
spent
sanksunk
lost
burnt
learnedlearnt
held
laid
shone
sat
won
met
kept
slept
swept
felt
fled
smelledsmelt
left
built
lent
sent
spent
sunksunken
lost
burnt
learnedlearnt
10
北文何老师
26
意思是
27
抓住
28
教
29
带来
30
战斗
31
买
32
想,思考
33
听见
34
卖
35
告诉
36
说
37
找到
38
饲养
39
有
40
制造
41
站
42
粘贴,刺
43
拼写
44
吐唾沫
45
明白
mean
catch
teach
bring
fight
buy
think
hear
sell
tell
say
find
feed
havehas
make
stand
stick
spell
spit
understand
meant
caught
taught
brought
fought
bought
thought
heard
sold
told
said
found
fed
had
made
stood
stuck
spelledspelt
spat
understood
meant
caught
taught
brought
fought
bought
thought
heard
sold
told
said
found
fed
had
made
stood
stuck
spelledspelt
spat
understood
Ⅴ. A-B-C 型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词三者不同形)
11
北文何老师
1
开始
2
喝
3
躲藏
4
铃响
5
唱
6
游泳
7
吹
8
画画
9
飞
10
生长
11
知道
12
投掷
13
出示,显示
14
打破
15
选择
16
忘记
17
结冰,凝固
18
说
19
醒
20
驾驶
21
吃
begin
drink
hide
ring
sing
swim
blow
draw
fly
grow
know
throw
show
break
choose
forget
freeze
speak
wake
drive
eat
began
drank
hid
rang
sang
swam
blew
drew
flew
grew
knew
threw
showed
broke
chose
forgot
froze
spoke
woke
drove
ate
begun
drunk
hidden
rung
sung
swum
blown
drawn
flown
grown
known
thrown
shown
broken
chosen
forgotforgotten
frozen
spoken
wokewoken
driven
eaten
12
北文何老师
22
落下
23
给
24
升高
25
拿,取
26
弄错
27
骑
28
写
29
做
30
去
31
平躺
32
看见
33
穿
34
是
fall
give
rise
take
mistake
ride
write
do
go
lie
see
wear
be(am,is,are)
fell
gave
rose
took
mistook
rode
wrote
did
went
lay
saw
wore
waswere
fallen
given
risen
taken
mistaken
ridden
written
done
gone
lain
seen
worn
been
13
北文何老师