英语时态 种基本时态讲解完善版
普陀中学-项链读后感
英语时态8种基本时态讲解
一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在
的状态，需用不同的动词形式表
示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
二．种类：（基本时态）
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
三．用法：
1．一般现在时：
1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。
一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-
s或
-es。
2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋…
She is an engineer.
He has breakfast
at 6:00every day.
3）注意：
a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day
, sometimes , once
a week 等时间状语连用。
I
always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .
They go home once a week .
We usually
do our homework at home .
b)表客观现实或普遍真理。
The sun always rises in
the east .
The light travels faster than
the sound .
c)表永远性的动作或状态。
He lives
in the country .
4）第三人称单数变化形式。
a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .
come---comes speak---
speaks work---works live---lives
b)以o, s,
x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.
do---does go---goes
finish---finishes brush---brushes
fix---fixes pass---passes watch---
watches
c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.
Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries
d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.
play---plays
stay---stays
例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。
我在早上七点半起床。
他每天七点去上班。
我们经常下午打篮球。
他喜欢音乐。
地球围绕太阳转。
火车六点出发。
5）否定句和疑问句。
a)-----He is an
engineer.
-----He isn’t an engineer.
-----Is he an engineer?
-----Yes, he is . No, he isn’t.
b)----We get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning
.
-----Do you get up at 7:30 in the
morning ?
-----Yes, we do. No, we
don’t.
c)----He likes music.
-----He doesn’t like music.
-----Does
he like music?
-----Yes ,he does. No, he
doesn’t .
2．一般过去时
1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动
作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语
yesterday, last night
,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。
I was a student 6years ago.
I went to
Beijing last year.
They saw a film last
night .
2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.过去时＋宾语＋…
例句：昨天他很忙。
去年他抽烟了。
两年前他去参军了。
他在1990年去世了。
3）否定句和疑问句。
a)----He was busy
yesterday.
-----He wasn’t busy.
-----Was he busy?
-----Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t.
b)----He smoked last
year.
-----He didn’t smoke last year.
-----Did he smoke last year?
-----Yes
,he did .No ,he didn’t.
c)----He joined
the army in 1990.
-----He didn’t joined
the army in 1990.
-----Did he join the
army in 1990?
-----Yes ,he did .No
,he didn’t.
4）动词过去式变化规则。
a)一般情况下的词加-ed.
work---worked call----
called laugh----laughed
Explain----
explained finish----finished knock----knocked
b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .
live----lived
change----changed smoke----smoked die----died
graduate----graduated drive----drove
c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.
study----
studied carry----carried cry----cried
try
----tried marry----married
d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.
play----played
stay----stayed
e)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写
这个辅音字母然后再
加-ed.
stop----stopped plan
----planned pat----patted
f)动词不规则变化：
do----did go----went
come----came run----ran write----wrote
begin----began drink----drank keep----kept
leave----left sleep----slept
make----made
lie----lay dig----dug eat----ate know----knew
cut----cut set----set let----let read----read
hurt----hurt
例句：我前天拿走了这本书。
去年我买了一辆自行车。
每天晚上我听音乐。
她通常待在家里。
两天前我完成了这项工作。
复习：
1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.
2) He
(be) a student now.
3) He (do) his
homework at home every day.
4) They (join)
the Party in 1998.
5) We (not eat) apples
yesterday.
6) We (not play)
basketball every day.
7) He (not go ) home
once a week.
8) I am 16 years old.
(划线部分提问)
9) I go to work at 8:00 every
morning. (划线部分提问)
10) They joined the
Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)
11) I went to
Beijing last year. (划线部分提问)
3．一般将来时
1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day
after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few
days等连用。
2)句型结构：主语＋willshall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall）
I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.
They
will have a meeting next week.
----She
will be 20 years old.
----Will she be 20
years old?
----Yes, she will. No, she
won’t .
3)主语＋willshall＋V.原形＋…
be(am, is, are)going to
They
will have a meeting next Sunday.
(will=are
going to )
----What will they do next
Sunday ?
----When will they have a
meeting?
4) be about to＋V.原形
I am
about to leave school.
不能与表示时间的副词连用。
They are about to set out.(√)
They are
about to set out soon.(×)
复习题：
(do) his homework at school every day.
(finish) their work yesterday.
(visit)
their farm next year.
4.我半小时后要吃午饭。
5.他将骑自行车去学校。
6.他们下周日将去买汽车。
4．过去将来时
1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作
或状态。主要用
于宾语从句中。
2）基本结构：主语+wouldshould
waswere going to +V.原形+…
He said that he
would have a meeting next week.
(He says
that he will nave a meeting next week.)
They said we should leave school tomorrow.
(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)
5．现在进行时
1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present
等
时间状语连用。
2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+
v-ing +…
You are listening to me carefully
now.
She is writing a letter this
year.
Look! They are dancing.
We are studying English at present
.
It’s raining hard now.
3）动词现在分词的构成
① 一般动词直接在词后加-ing
do – doing read - reading
work –
working think – thinking
study – studying
go – going
watch – watching jump -
jumping
② 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 –
ing
like – liking take – taking
leave – leaving live – living
receive
– receiving dance – dancing
come – coming
smoke – smoking
write - writing
③
以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然
后再加-ing
stop – stopping begin – beginning
dig – digging swim – swimming
run –
running sit – sitting
(注意：listen –
listening open – opening eat – eating
rain – raining sleep - sleeping)
4)
6 ．过去进行时
1）
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday,
at this that time yesterday, when
引导的时间状语等连用。
2） 基本结构 主语+be (waswere) +v-
ing +…
1. It was raining at 7:00 the day
before yesterday.
2. They were building a
reservoir at this time last winter.
3. We
were reading when the teacher came in.
We
weren’t reading…
Were you reading…
What were you doing when the teacher came
in.
3) 例句 1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。
2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。
3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。
4. I ____ (do) my homework yesterday.
5. He ____ (do) his homework at 5:00
yesterday.
6. He ____ (do) his homework
now.
7.现在完成时
1） 1.
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
2．表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态
通常与下列时间状语连用
up to now, in the past, recently, by… ,
for 5
years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever,
just…
2) 基本结构 主语+ havehas +
P.P(动词过去分词)
1. I’ve finished this
work.
2. He has ever been to
Australia.
3. I have not heard from her
recently.
4. I have already read this
book.
Have you read…?
Yes,
I have. No, I haven’t.
What have you
read?
3) 过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）
不规则变化如下
do did done
go went
gone
eat ate eaten
come came
come
have had had
write wrote
written
be waswere been
see saw
seen
hear heard heard
swim swam
swum
drink drank drunk
give gave given
forget forgot
forgotten
take took taken
keep
kept kept
sleep slept slept
teach
taught taught
buy bought bought
tell told told
make made made
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
read read read
let let let
4）
注意
1. 含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与 for, since
用。
引导的一般时间状语连
（buy, begin,
die, come, go , join, leave 等）
A) I have
bought a book.
I have bought a book for 3
day. (wrong)
I have had a book for 3
years.
B) He have joined the army for 3
years. (wrong)
He has been in the army for
3 years.
He joined the army 3 years
ago.
C) He has been dead for 3 years.
He died 2 years ago.
It is 2 years
since he died.
He has died for 2 years.
(wrong)
D) He has gone to Australia.
He has been to Australia.
2.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （时间状语的区别）
I ___ (hear) form
her recently yesterday.
3. 例句：
他已经阅读了这本书。
我们到目前为止已学习了两千个单词。
他们居住在中国三年了。
他看这部电影两次了。
Bob 自从 1997 年在这所学校教学。
8.过去完成时
1） 表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态，
强调“过
去的过去”， 常与 by the time, by the end
of…,before , by 等引
导时间的状语连用。也就是用来表示发生在过去的两个事件
动作中哪一
个发生在前
2） 基本结构 主语+ had + 动词过去分词 +
…
When I got to the cinema yesterday the
film had begun already.
昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。
He had learned
English before he came here.
他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。
He had aught this class
for 3 years by the time I left the school.
当我离开这个学校为止 他已教这个班级三年了。
By the
end of last term I had learned 2000 English
words.
到这学期末我已学会了2000 个英语单词。
注意:
had been 是延续性动词，与段时间连用；
had是非延续性动词，与点时间连用。
I had been working
in london for one year before you came here
I had work in london before you came here.
时态部分总复习题
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. We usually get (get ) up at 7:00 every
morning.(
2. She was watching (watch) TV
when she heard a loud knock at the door this
time yesterday.
3. My mother will come
(come) here tomorrow.
4. Look ! Some one
are dancing (dance) there.
5. Wei Hua’s
brother joined (join) the army in 1995.
6.
He writes(write) a letter this afternoon.
7. Rice grows(grow) in the south of China.
8. She said would going(go) to Japan
next year.
9. We had studied(study) 2,000
words since we came to the school.
10. By
the end of last term he has teaching(teach) that
class for 2 years.
II. Translation
(1) 我每天早上7 点通常打篮球。
(2) 昨天我去游泳了。
(3) 昨天他说他们将于后天去参观长城。
(4)
我们将在下学期学习俄语。
(5) 他现在正在玩游戏。
(6)
去年冬天这个时候他们正在盖房子。
(7) 我居住在山东20 年了。
(8) 到上月末为止他工作十年了。