精益生产方式简介(中英文翻译)
惠州经济职业学院-销售内勤岗位职责
精益生产方式简介
摘要：精益生产是一种起源于丰田和汽车制造的流水线制造方法论。
也被称为“丰田生产系
统”。精益生产的目标被描述为“在适当的时间（或第仪式间，the
first time）使适当的东西
到达适当的地点，同时使浪费最小化和适应变化”。创立了精益生
产原则的大野耐一发现他
的方法论不但可以减小浪费，还能够增进产品流动和提高质量。本文对精益生产
进行了具体
的分析，得出它的优越性，并把它与传统的生产方式进行比较，通过分析可以知道精益生产<
br>是解救困难企业的法宝。
关键词：丰田汽车，精益生产，优越性，特点，企业
一、丰田公司的精益生产方式
精益生产（Lean Production，简称LP）是美
国麻省理工学院数位国际汽车计划组织（IMVP）
的专家对日本“丰田JIT（Justin Tim
e）生产方式”的赞誉之称，精，即少而精，不投入多余
的生产要素，只是在适当的时间生产必要数量的
市场急需产品（或下道工序急需的产品）；
益，即所有经营活动都要有益有效，具有经济性。精益生产是
当前工业界最佳的一种生产组
织体系和方式。
精益生产是战后日本汽车工业遭到的“资源稀缺
”和“多品种、少批量”的市场制约的产物，
它是从丰田相佐诘开始，经丰田喜一郎及大野耐一等人的共
同努力直到60年代才逐步完善
而形成的。
精益生产既是一种以最大限度地减少企业生产所占
用的资源和降低企业管理和运营成本为
主要目标的生产方式，同时它又是一种理念，一种文化。实施精益
生产就是决心追求完美的
历程，也是追求卓越的过程，它是支撑个人与企业生命的一种精神力量，也是在
永无止境的
学习过程中获得自我满足的一种境界。其目标是精益求精，尽善尽美，永无止境的追求七个<
br>零的终极目标。
精益生产的实质是管理过程，包括人事组织管理的优化,大力精简中间管理层，
进行组织扁
平化改革，减少非直接生产人员；推进行生产均衡化同步化，实现零库存与柔性生产；推行<
br>全生产过程（包括整个供应链）的质量保证体系，实现零不良；减少和降低任何环节上的浪
费，实
现零浪费；最终实现拉动式准时化生产方式。
精益生产的特点是消除一切浪费，追求精益求精和不断改
善。去掉生产环节中一切无用的东
西，每个工人及其岗位的安排原则是必须增值，撤除一切不增值的岗位
。精简是它的核心，
精简产品开发设计、生产、管理中一切不产生附加值的工作，旨在以最优品质、最低
成本和
最高效率对市场需求作出最迅速的响应。
二、精益生产方式的优越性及其意义
与大量生产方式相比，日本所采用的精益生产方式的优越性主要表现在以下几个方面：
1.所
需人力资源——无论是在产品开发、生产系统，还是工厂的其他部门，与大量生产方式
下的工厂相比，最
低能减至12；
2.新产品开发周期——最低可减至l／2或23；
3.生产过程的在制品库存——最低可减至大量生产方式下一般水平的1／10；
4.工厂占用空间——最低可减至采用大量生产方式下的12；
5.成品库存——最低可减至大量生产方式下平均库存水平的14；
6.产品质量——可大幅度。
精益生产方式是彻底地追求生产的合理性、高效性，能够灵活地
生产适应各种需求的高质量
产品的生产技术和管理技术，其基本原理和诸多方法，对制造业具有积极的意
义。精益生产
的核心，即关于生产计划和控制以及库存管理的基本思想，对丰富和发展现
代生产管理理论
也具有重要的作用。
三、精益生产管理方法上的特点
（1）拉动式(pull)准时化生产(JIT)
以最终用户的需求为生产起点。强调物流平
衡，追求零库存，要求上一道工序加工完的零件
立即可以进入下一道工序。组织生产运作是依靠看板（K
anban）进行。即由看板传递工序间
需求信息（看板的形式不限，关键在于能够传递信息）。生产中
的节拍可由人工干预、控制，
保证生产中的物流平衡（对于每一道工序来说，即为保证对后工序供应的准
时化）。由于采
用拉动式生产，生产中的计划与调度实质上是由各个生产单元自己完成，在形式上不采用
集
中计划，但操作过程中生产单元之间的协调则极为必要。
（2）全面质量管理
强
调质量是生产出来而非检验出来的，由过程质量管理来保证最终质量。生产过程中对质量
的检验与控制在
每一道工序都进行。重在培养每位员工的质量意识，保证及时发现质量问题。
如果在生产过程中发现质量
问题，根据情况，可以立即停止生产，直至解决问题，从而保证
不出现对不合格品的无效加工。对于出现
的质量问题，一般是组织相关的技术与生产人员作
为一个小组，一起协作，尽快解决。
（3）团队工作法（Teamwork）
每位员工在工作中不仅是执行上级的命令。更重要的
是积极地参与，起到决策与辅助决策的
作用。组织团队的原则并不完全按行政组织来划分，而主要根据业
务的关系来划分。团队成
员强调一专多能，要求能够比较熟悉团队内其他工作人员的工作，保证工作协调
顺利进行。
团队人员工作业绩的评定受团队内部的评价的影响。团队工作的基本氛围是信任，以一种长<
br>期的监督控制为主，而避免对每一步工作的核查，提高工作效率。团队的组织是变动的，针
对不同
的事物，建立不同的团队，同一个人可能属于不同的团队。
（4）并行工程（Concurrent
Engineering）
在产品的设计开发期间，将概念设计、结构设计、工艺设计、最终需求等结
合起来，保证以
最快的速度按要求的质量完成。各项工作由与此相关的项目小组完成。进程中小组成员各
自
安排自身的工作，但可以定期或随时反馈信息并对出现的问题协调解决。依据适当的信息系
统
工具，反馈与协调整个项目的进行。利用现代CIM技术，在产品的研制与开发期间，辅
助项目进程的并
行化。
四、精益生产与大批量生产方式管理思想的比较
精益生产作为一种从环境到管理目标
都是全新的管理思想，并在实践中取得成功，并非简单
地应用了一、二种新的管理手段，而是一套与企业
环境、文化以及管理方法高度融合的管理
体系，因此精益生产自身就是一个自治的系统。
（1）优化范围不同
大批量生产方式源于美国，是基于美国的企业间关系，强调市场导向，优
化资源配置，每个
企业以财务关系为界限，优化自身的内部管理。而相关企业，无论是供应商还是经销商
，则
以对手相对待。
精益生产方式则以产品生产工序为线索，组织密切相关的供应链，一方面
降低企业协作中的
交易成本，另一方面保证稳定需求与及时供应，以整个大生产系统为优化目标。
（2）对待库存的态度不同
◆大批量生产方式的库存管理强调“库存是必要的”。
◆精益生产方式的库存管理强调“库存是万恶之源”。
精益生产方式将生产中的一切库存视为
“浪费”，同时认为库存掩盖了生产系统中的缺陷与
问题。它一方面强调供应对生产的保证，另一方面强
调对零库存的要求，从而不断暴露生产
中基本环节的矛盾并加以改进，不断降低库存以消
灭库存产生的“浪费”。基于此，精益生
产提出了“消灭一切浪费”的口号。追求零浪费的目标。
（3）业务控制观不同
传统的大批量生产方式的用人制度基于双方的“雇用”关系，业务管理
中强调达到个人工作
高效的分工原则，并以严格的业务稽核来促进与保证，同时稽核工作还防止个人工作
对企业
产生的负效应。
精益生产源于日本，深受东方文化影响，在专业分工时强调相互协作及
业务流程的精简（包
括不必要的核实工作）——消灭业务中的“浪费”。
（4）质量观不同
传统的生产方式将一定量的次品看成生产中的必然结果。
精益生产基于组织的分权与人的协作
观点，认为让生产者自身保证产品质量的绝对可靠是可
行的，且不牺牲生产的连续性。其核心思想是，导
致这种概率性的质量问题产生的原因本身
并非概率性的，通过消除产生质量问题的生产环节来“消除一切
次品所带来的浪费”，追求
零不良。
（5）对人的态度不同
大批量生产方式强调管
理中的严格层次关系。对员工的要求在于严格完成上级下达的任务，
人被看作附属于岗位的“设备”。
精益生产则强调个人对生产过程的干预，尽力发挥人的能动性，同时强调协调，对员工个人
的评
价也是基于长期的表现。这种方法更多地将员工视为企业团体的成员，而非机器。充分
发挥基层的主观能
动性。
五、精益生产方式是解救危困企业的法宝
“精益生产通过消除浪费以实现提高质量、
降低成本和缩短提前期的效果。”消除浪费是指
“作正确的事”和“正确的做事”，消除一切非增值过程
。“消除浪费”本身就体现了一种在
危机中寻求出路的奋斗精神。研究丰田生产方式产生的背景和过程可
以看出，这种新的生产
方式是为解决日本在困难环境中发展工业的需要而诞生的：
1、丰田
生产方式是在高速增长和发达工业化的后期，在已经存在众多优势竞争对手的夹缝
中发展工业的道路，
2、丰田生产方式是在缺少充足资源、资金和劳动力的环境中，发展工业的道路，
3、丰田生产方式是在狭窄而多样化需求的市场条件下发展小批量、多品种生产的道路。
它
推动丰田等日本企业从困境中进入了世界先进企业的行列。丰田崛起了，但当时并没有人
注意到它的新生
产管理技术。70年代的石油危机使高速增长的西方工业化社会出现了长时
期的衰退，在众多企业利润负
增长而丰田汽车却保持持续繁荣的对比之下，丰田的生产技术
开始受到人们的瞩目。在《改变世界的机器
》将丰田生产方式以“精益生产”的新名称介绍
给全世界的制造业以后，在萧条中寻求出路的美国企业如
饥似渴的学习和效仿日本的做法。
美国人通过精益也取得了成果，90年代从低谷中爬起来，重塑了美国
工业、特别是高科技
工业和军事工业的霸主地位。90年代末的亚洲经济危机、911都给美国经济带来
深刻影响，
廉价的“中国制造”也给美国传统制造业以冲击。每逢这种危难时刻，美国制造业所祭起的<
br>法宝都是“精益生产”。在经济高速增长时期，制造商可以用大量生产提高产量的方式降低
成本；
企业在顺利发展时期，信息技术也是加力增长的有效方法。但是在当今生产力过剩和
全球竞争的时期，降
低成本成为企业生存的第一位的原则。从困难和节俭环境中磨练出来的
精益生产方式就成为应对衰退和逆
境中的企业继续生存和发展的好方法。精益生产方式就成
为替代传统大量生产方式来解救危机中企业的道
路。在中国，生产能力过剩、竞争剧烈的制
造领域，如家电、电脑和汽车制造，精益生产这是解救它们出
困境的出路。 中国制造业与
50年前日本的相似之处是同样面临着工业列强的压力、缺少发展的资金和
资源。而与当时
的日本不同的是，中国面临着一个正在成长着的巨大的国内市场，有丰富
的低价劳动力。另
外，中国制造业遇到了先进工业国家制造业结构调整的时机，大量低级或劳动密集产品
、甚
至包括消耗较大的机械产品的生产向第3世界转移，给“中国制造”以发展的机会。这个背
景下的中国制造业，可以用粗放的管理、高的消耗和初级劳动力得到有限的发展空间。但是
这决不是持续
发展之路。当西方企业拿起精益的武器，用综合的低成本对付中国的低价劳动
成本但又是高消耗时，中国
的优势可能就不复存在了。居安思危和未雨绸缪才是有远见卓识
的企业家的风范。这些企业采用精益生产
将降低产品成本，进一步提高企业的综合竞争能力。
参考文献：
[1] 武淑萍.
精益生产在中国的应用现状[J]. 郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版), 2004,
(06) .
[2] 闫俊伢 ,邹震. 精益生产的魔力[J]. 电子商务,
2004, (05) .
[3] 姚东方. 试谈精益生产方式的特征与原则[J].
天津汽车, 2004, (06) .
[4] 李润茹.
精益生产方式研究及生产方式的未来[J]. 经济师, 2005, (11) .
[5]
蔡建华. 论精益生产中的员工[J]. 科技管理研究, 2005, (01) .
Lean manufacture way synopsis
Abstract:
The lean manufacture is one kind the assembly line
manufacture
methodology which stems from
Toyota and the automobile makes. Is also
called “the Toyota production system”. The
lean manufacture goal by the
description is
“in the suitable time (or during ceremony, the
first time) enables
the suitable thing to
arrive at the suitable place, simultaneously
causes the
waste minimum and adapts the
change”. Not only established lean
manufacture
principle Taiichi Oono to discover his methodology
to be possible
to reduce the waste, but could
also promote the product to flow and to improve
the quality. This article has carried on the
concrete analysis to the lean
manufacture,
obtains its superiority, and carries on it with
the traditional
production method the
comparison, through the analysis may know that the
lean manufacture is rescues the difficult
enterprise the magic weapon.
Key word: Toyota
automobile, lean manufacture, superiority,
characteristic,
enterprise
First, Toyota
Corporation's lean manufacture way
The lean
manufacture (Lean Production, is called LP) is the
American
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
several international automobile plan
organization (IMVP) expert to Japan “Toyota
JIT (Justin Time) production
method” name of
the praise, fine, namely the fewer but better,
does not invest
the unnecessary element of
production, is only in the suitable time
production
essential quantity market urgently
needed product (or evil ways working
procedure
urgently needed product); The profit, namely all
operative activity
wants beneficially
effective, has the efficiency. The lean
manufacture is the
current industrial world
best one kind of Production organization system
and
the way.
The lean manufacture is the
postwar Japan automobile industry encounters
“the resources are scarce” and “the multi-
varieties, the few batch” the market
restriction product, it is assists the
interrogation from Toyota to start, after
Toyota happy eldest son and Taiichi Oono et
al. the joint efforts only then
gradually
consummates until the 60s forms.
The lean
manufacture is not only one kind take maximum
limit reduces the
resources which the
enterprise produces takes and reduces the business
management and the operation cost as the
essential target production method,
simultaneously it is also one idea, one
culture. The implementation lean
manufacture
is determined the pursue perfect course, is also
the pursue
remarkable process, it is the
support personally with the enterprise life one
spiritual strength, also will be will obtain
the self-satisfied one kind of boundary
in
forever the without limits learning process. Its
goal is strives for perfection,
acme of
perfection, forever without limits pursue seven
zero ultimate
objectives.
The lean
manufacture essence manages the process, organizes
the
optimization which including the human
affairs manages, simplifies the middle
management vigorously, carries on the
organization flattening reform, reduces
the
non-personal directly engaged productions; Pushes
carries on the
production equalizing to
synchronize, realizes zero stock and the flexible
production; Carries out the entire production
process (including the entire
supply chain)
the quality assurance system, realizes zero bad;
Reduces and
reduces on any link's waste,
realizes zero waste; Realizes the drawing type
punctual metaplasia to produce the way
finally.
The lean manufacture characteristic
is eliminates all wastes, the pursue strives
for perfection with the progressive
improvement. Removes produces in the link
all
useless things, each worker and the post
arrangement principle is must rise
in value,
removes the post which all do not rise in value.
The simplification is its
core, in the
simplification product development design, the
production, the
management all does not have
the added value work, is for the purpose of by
the most superior quality, the most low cost
and the peak efficiency makes the
most rapid
response to the market demand.
Second, lean
manufacture way superiority and significance
Compares with the mass production way, Japan
uses the lean manufacture
way's superiority
mainly displays in the following several aspects:
1. Needs the human resources - -, regardless
in product development,
production system,
factory other departments, compare with the mass
production way's under factory, reduces to
feeble-mindedly 12;
2. The new product
development cycle - - lowest may reduce to l2 or
23;
3. Production process's goods in
process stock - - lowest may reduce to under
the mass production way the general level 110;
4. Factory takes the space - - lowly to be
possible to reduce to selects under
the mass
production method 12;
5. End product stock -
- lowest may reduce to under the mass production
way
the averaging stock level 14;
6.
Product quality - - may be large scale.
The
lean manufacture way is pursues the production
thoroughly the rationality,
highly effective,
can produce nimbly adapts each kind of demand high
grade
product production technology and the
managerial technique, its basic
principle and
many methods, have the positive significance to
the
manufacturing industry. The lean
manufacture core, namely about the
productive
plan and the control as well as stock management's
basic
philosophy, also has the vital role to
rich and the development modern
production
management theory.
Third, in lean manufacture
management characteristic
（1）the drawing type
(pull) punctual metaplasia produces (JIT)
Take
end-user's demand as production beginning.
Emphasizes the physical
distribution to be
balanced, the pursue zero stock, requests the
components
which a working procedure processes
to be possible to enter the next working
procedure immediately. The organization
produces the operation is depends
upon the
electronic monitoring system (Kanban) to carry on.
Namely the
demand information (electronic
monitoring system form does not limit by the
electronic monitoring system transmission
working procedure, key lies in can
transmit
message). In the production metre may by the
manual intervention,
the control, in the
guarantee production physical distribution
balanced
(regarding each working procedure,
namely for guarantee after working
procedure
supply accurate current events). Because uses the
drawing type
production, in the production
plan and the dispatch materially are complete by
each production unit, in formally does not use
the centralism plan, but in the
operating
process between production unit's coordinated
extremely is
essential.
(2) Total Quality
Management
Stressed that the quality is
produces, but must examines, guarantees the final
quality by the process quality control. In the
production process carries on to
the quality
examination and the control in each working
procedure. Is heavy is
raising each staff's
quality consciousness, the guarantee prompt
discovery
quality question. If discovers the
quality question in the production process,
according to the situation, may stop the
production immediately, until solves
the
problem, thus the guarantee does not appear to the
defective works invalid
processing. Regarding
quality question which appears, generally is the
organization related technology and the
production personnels takes a group,
cooperates together, solves as soon as
possible.
(3) Team method of working
(Teamwork)
Not only each staff carries out
higher authority's order in the work.
Participation positively more importantly,
plays policy-making and the auxiliary
policy-
making role. The organization team's principle
presses the
administrative organization to
divide not completely, but mainly divides
according to the service relations. The team
members emphasize master
many skills while
specializing in one, the request can in the quite
familiar team
other staff's work, guarantee
that the work coordinated carries on smoothly.
The team personnel work the achievement
evaluation the team internal
appraisal
influence. The team work's basic atmosphere is the
trust, by one kind
of long-term supervisory
control primarily, but avoids to the investigation
which
each step works, raises the working
efficiency. Team's organization is the
change,
in view of the different thing, establishes the
different team, the
identical person possibly
belongs to the different team.
(4) Parallel
projects (Concurrent Engineering)
In product
design development period, the conceptual design,
the structural
design, the technological
design, the final demand and so on unifies,
guaranteed that completes by the quickest
speed according to the request
quality. Each
work by completes with this related project group.
In the
advancement the panel members arrange
own work respectively, but may
regular or
momentarily the feedback information and to
appears the question
solves coordinated. Rests
on the suitable information system tool, the
feedback and coordinated entire project
advance. Using the modern CIM
technology, in
product development and development period,
auxiliary project
advancement parallelization.
Fourth, lean manufacture and production in
enormous quantities way
management concept
comparison
The lean manufacture takes one kind
from the environment to the
management goal is
the brand-new management concept, and obtains the
success in reality, has applied one, two new
management tool simply by no
means that but is
a set the management system which with the
enterprise
environment, the culture as well as
the management fuses highly, therefore
lean
manufacture oneself is an autonomous system.
（1）optimizes the scope to be different
The
production in enormous quantities way stems from
the US, is relates
based on US's enterprise,
emphasizes the market direction, the optimize
allocation of resources, each enterprise take
the financial relations as a
boundary,
optimizes own internal management. But is related
the enterprise,
regardless of being the
supplier or the dealer, by to palm reading
treatment.
The lean manufacture way
take the product manufacturing working procedure
as the clue, the organization close related
supply chain, on the one hand
reduces in the
enterprise cooperation the transaction cost, on
the other hand
guarantees the stable demand
and the prompt supply, take the entire big
production system as optimized goal.
(2)
Treats the stock the manner to be different
The production in enormous quantities way's
stock management stressed that
“the stock is
essential wicked”.
The lean manufacture way's
stock management stressed that “the stock is the
root of all evil”.
The lean manufacture
way will produce all stocks will regard as “the
waste”,
simultaneously thought that the stock
has covered in production system's flaw
and
the question. It emphasizes the supply at the same
time to the production
guarantee, on the other
hand emphasizes to zero stock request, thus
exposes
in unceasingly the production the
basic link's contradiction and improves,
reduces the stock to eliminate the stock
unceasingly to have “the waste”.
Based on
this, the lean manufacture proposed “eliminates
all wastes” slogan.
Pursue zero waste goals.
(3) The service control view is different
The traditional production in enormous
quantities way's personnel system
based on
both sides “the employment” the relations, in the
business
management stressed that achieves
individual work highly effective division of
labor principle, and promotes and the
guarantee by the strict service
investigation,
simultaneously the investigation work also
prevents a
man-power to oppose negative effect
which the enterprise produces.
The lean
manufacture stems from Japan, the depth the
Eastern culture
influence, when specialized
labor division stressed that cooperates mutually
and the operation flow simplification
(including nonessential checking work) - -
in
the elimination service “the waste”.
(4) The
quality view is different
The traditional
production method regards as the ration second
quality item in
the production the inevitable
result.
The lean manufacture based on
organization's decentralization with person's
cooperation viewpoint, thought that lets the
producer own quality assurance
reliable is
absolutely feasible, and does not sacrifice the
production the
continuity. Its core thought
is, causes reason which itself this kind of
probabilistic quality question produces by no
means probabilistic, through
eliminates
produces the quality question production link to
come “to eliminate
the waste which all second
quality items bring”, pursue zero bad.
(5) The
manner is different to the human
In production
in enormous quantities way emphasis management
strict level
relations. Lies to staff's
request completes the task which strictly the
higher
authority issues, the human is
regarded as attached in the post “the
equipment”.
The lean manufacture stressed
that a person to production process's
intervention, displays person's activity with
every effort, simultaneously
emphasizes
coordinated, to staff individual appraisal is also
based on the
long-term performance. This
method more member who regards as the staff
the enterprise association, but non-machine.
Full display basic unit subjective
initiative.
Fifth, the lean manufacture way is rescues the
danger sleepy enterprise the
magic weapon
“The lean manufacture realizes through the
waste elimination improves the
quality, to
reduce the cost and the reduction time in advance
effect.”The waste
elimination is refers to
“does the correct matter” and “correct working”,
eliminates all non-increment process. “The
waste elimination” itself manifested
one kind
to seek the outlet in the crisis the hard working
spirit. Studies the
background which and the
process the Toyota production method produces
may see, this new production method is to
solve Japan the expand industry to
need to be
born in the difficult environment:
1st, the
Toyota production method is in fast growth and the
developed
industrialization later period, in
al
2nd, the Toyota production method is in
lacks the sufficient resources, the fund
and
in the labor force environment, expand industry's
path,
3, the Toyota production method is
develops the small batch, the multi-variety
production path under the narrow diverse
demand market condition. Ready
had the
numerous superiority competitor in the crevice the
expand industry
path,
It impelled Japanese
Enterprises and so on Toyota to enter the world
Advanced enterprise's ranks from the difficult
position. Toyota has risen, but at
that time
and nobody noted its new production management
technology. The
70s's oil shock caused the
fast growth the western industrialization society
to
present the long time decline, in numerous
profit of enterprise negative growth,
but the
Toyota automobile actually maintained the
continuous prosperity under
the contrast,
Toyota's production technology started to receive
people's
attention In “lean
manufacture”
the new name introduced for world manufacturing
industry,
seeks the study which in the
depression the outlet the American Enterprise
desires strongly and imitates Japan's
procedure. The American has also made
the
progress through the fine profit, in the 90s
crawls from the trough, has
remoulded the
American industry, is specially the high tech
industry and the
war industry hegemonic
position. The late 90s's Asian economic crisis,
911
give the US the economy to bring the
profound influence, inexpensive “China
makes”
also gives the US the traditional manufacturing
industry to attack. On
this kind of
dangerous time, the magic weapon which the
American
manufacturing industry offers a
sacrifice to is “the lean manufacture”. In the
economical fast growth time, the manufacturer
may use the mass productions
to raise the
output the way to reduce the cost; the enterprise
in the smooth
development time, the
information technology is also the efficacious
device
which the thrust augmentation grows.
But is now surplus in the productive
forces
and global competition's time reduces the cost to
become the enterprise
survival the first
principle. The lean manufacture way which
disciplines from
difficult and the thrifty
environment becomes deals with in the decline and
the
adverse circumstance enterprise continues
to survive and the development
good method.
The lean manufacture way becomes the substitution
tradition
mass production way to rescue in the
crisis enterprise's path. In China, the
excess
capacity of production, the competition fierce
manufacture domain, like
the electrical
appliances, the computer and the automobile
manufacture, lean
manufacture this is rescues
their difficult position the outlet. The Chinese
manufacturing industry Japan's similarity is
faces the industry big powers
pressure 50
years ago, to lack development similarly the fund
and the
resources. What but was different with
Japan then, China was facing one was
growing
the giant domestic market, had the rich low price
labor force.
Moreover, the Chinese
manufacturing industry has met the advanced
industrial nation manufacturing industry
structural adjustment opportunity,
massive
preliminary or the work crowded product, even
includes the
consumption big engineering
products the production to the 3rd world shift,
“makes the opportunity which for China”
develops. Under this background's
Chinese
manufacturing industry, may use the extensive
management, the high
consumption and the
primary labor force obtains the limited
development
opportunities. But this is in no
way road of the sustained development. When
the Western enterprise takes up the fine
profit the weapon, copes with the
synthesis
low cost when China's low price cost of labor but
is also a high
consumption, China's
superiority possibly does not exist. Thinks of
danger in
peace and provides for a rainy day
is the far-seeing originality entrepreneur's
style. These enterprises will use the lean
manufacture to reduce the product
cost; will
further sharpen enterprise's synthesis competitive
ability.
Reference:
[1] Wu Shuping. Lean
manufacture in China's application present
situation [J].
Zhengzhou Aviation industry
Management Institute journal (social sciences
version), 2004, (06).
[2] Yan Junya, Zou
Zhen. Lean manufacture charm [J]. Electronic
commerce,
2004, (05). East
[3] Yao. Tries
to discuss the lean manufacture way the
characteristic and
principle [J]. Tianjin
automobile, 2004, (06).
[4] Li Runru.
Lean manufacture way research and production
method future [J].
Economist, 2005, (11).
[5] Cai Jianhua. By lean manufacture in staff
[J]. Science and technology
management study,
2005, (01).