21世纪大学英语第四册1-5答案
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21 世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后答案
TEXT A
II
defines greatness as the lasting contribution
which a
person makes
or has made to human
civilization.
example of Churchill shows the
importance of
persistence and
dedication
in achieving greatness.
and only children
tend to make good leaders in times of
crisis,
but middle- born children are better peacetime
leaders.
20th century politician should
be an effective public
speaker and a
social person.
seems to be less important
than other factors, such as
the
ability to
communicate effectively.
ability to overcome
traditional ways of thinking is also
crucial.
simply don’t devote the amount of time
required.
study showed that enjoying one ’ s
work is the best
form of
motivation.
2
IV
(s)
V
behind above history
endowed with
up with nowhere on
built
on
in up with charge ...apart
VI
efficiency emergency
fluency frequency
proficiency tendency
urgency sufficiency
3
VII
some
students, it's not that they don't put in enough
time — it's
that they don't have good
study habits.
perform differently at school.
It's not that they have
different
IQs —
it's that they are brought up in different
environments.
company is not very
productive. It's not that its staff
aren't
talented — it's that their energy hasn't been
channeled
effectively.
'm really sorry.
It's not that I don't want to go to the
cinema
with you
— it's that I have to finish my paper
tonight.
have a stomachache. It's not that
the food was bad —
it's
probably that you
have too much stress from your work.
VIII
Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic
and
political isolation. Instead, he believed
in international
cooperationthrough an
association of nations.
don't teach
students in
groups. Instead, they can help
them learn effectively
according to their
different needs.
shouldn't focus on minor
points. Instead, we should try
to solve the
problem of the greatest urgency at present.
dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he
likes
to attend to everything himself.
success shouldn't be measured by the scores the
students receive on tests. Instead, it should
be measured
by whether the students have
internalized the ability
and desire to learn.
IX
BCBAD DCABA DABCA
X
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性
的话，那就是一种持续不断
地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些
超常非凡的东西，”他解释
道。“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。
有的只是程度上的差异而
已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基
础之上的。”他举出二战时
期的英国首相温斯顿丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险
者的典范。丘吉尔在全国
上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了
英国人民。在1940 年盟军
敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全
国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、
失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。”
5
XI
tend
to define people by the jobs they havedo. Such
characteristics as their family and
educational
backgrounds are
considered
less important.
uncompromising personality
explains why he could no
longer put
up
with his employer and eventually submitted his
resignation.
you really want to learn
English well, you must put in a
lot of time
and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can
be said
of other
subjects.
actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but
despite
his
short stature, Dustin Hoffman
rose above and it is his
excellent acting
that set him apart.
he took charge, we
discovered that there were striking
differences between him and his predecessor.
He had
the drive and
passion, came up with
many new ideas, and focused his
work on how to
raise our morale.
Xiaoping made history
when he declared China's
reform and
opening-up policy. Despite tremendous
obstacles, he
made lasting
contributions
to our country's modernization with his
unrelenting
efforts.
6
could
someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a
hardworking
person with an average IQ It
has to be acknowledged
that besides
one's IQ, many other factors have much to do
with one's
achievements.
teacher is
really remarkable in first motivating her
students so she
can really teach them
something. It's not that she is
talented, it's
that
she focuses completely or drawing their
full attention in
class.
第二单元
TEXT A
II
got no thanks for
returning a wallet, though he
deserved to.
wants to show how much people need gratitude
to
keep up a
spirit of kindness and
cooperation.
saved up for two years, went to
Normandy in person,
and gave
her son's
gold wristwatch to the woman.
send a short
recording expressing his appreciation of
the author's
thoughtfulness and
sent it to the author.
7
patient whose
life was saved by a blood transfusion
came
back
again and again to donate his blood
anonymously so
that more patients
could be
saved.
does it by citing . Hudson's gratitude
for his wife's
day-to-day
heroism.
people who do little things for us all year round.
can make people take infinite pains with
their work.
is needed all the time and none
of us can give too
much of
it.
III
IV
took my fancy mistake on John's part
for granted twice
8
up to
about pains with
from of
one way or
another up
V
VI
VII
sacrifice for the education
of the young was too great
price is too high
to pay in order to save their lives
be too
careful in performing an experiment
9
cannot praise him too much
not be
overemphasized
be overestimated
VIII
BACDD BABCD BADCA
IX
一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢
迎。我的一个病人在出院几
个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回
来，”他解释说，“是因为我
猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“ 正好相
反，”她回答说，“我很高兴
你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那
些鼓励我们的人身上获得了
多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为
我们身边的人在构筑他们
的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的
感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种
小小的示意动作。
X
glared at John and was
annoyed by his refusal to
cooperate.
10
's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the
people who
rendered
him generous help when
he was in difficulty.
is something of
a stamp collector. The fact that once he
saved
up
for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof
of it.
beauty of these roses could not be
overstated. They
tookcaught
all the
visitors fancy in one way or another.
first
he took it for granted that they should build more
highways in
this area. Then a careful
calculation of the expenditure
compelled him
to think twice before he made the final
decision.
time he receives a gift from me, no
matter how small,
my friend
Bill never
fails to acknowledge it.
journalist has
decided to trace the young man referred
to in
the
old couple's letter, which is a tribute to
the young man's
effort at
improving their
living conditions.
he was fed up with the
salesmen who knocked at his
door
and
boasted about their products every day, he
refrained
from
slamming the door in
their face.
第三单元
TEXT A
II
changed his perspective and observed people
who did
not have
smallpox.
wants to
give a good example of lateral thinking.
compares the human brain to a computer and the
change of one's
point of view to the
reprogramming of the computer.
is to fight
it.
calls it vertical thinking.
used the
technique of lateral thinking.
key is to make
a shift in emphasis instead of fighting
the
problem
head-on.
should change their
point of view and regard
themselves as their
body's keeper.
often lateral thinking
yields much better results than
vertical
thinking.
is
approaching the target from a sideways point of
view
instead of
12
approaching it
directly.
III
end
;vertical
IV
up being in
over
on effect up teaching
V
13
VI
assistant
accountant servant dependant attendant
contestant defendant consultant inhabitant
occupant
VII
use
great importance
greatcriticalextreme
significance
little value
marked benefit
invaluable help
14
VIII
1. should
have told me at once2.
have told me
beforehand3.
have left the company long ago
4. never should have happened
5. should
have left thirty minutes ago
6. should have
phoned
IX
CDBDA BBDBB CABDC
X
一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。
难，硬汉子越向前”这句话
进展越困“
便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什
么问题，不管可以用来解决
问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的
框架总是搏斗。德·博诺医
生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里
士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定
地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块
之上。当然，它的缺陷是，
如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没
有放对，那么整个结构就会
15
坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪
就会笼罩心头。横向思维，
德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——
一种完全避免这种拼搏，
用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。
XI
was hung up
on the problem but could do nothing
about it
until
he learnt to solve it with different
tactics.
thinking has helped him to advance
his new theory
which had
seemed to
reach a dead end.
framework of our latest
construction plan has been
affirmed by
the
local government. Whether it will be carried out
on
time is of the
utmost significance to
the development of this coastal
city.
trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward
reached an
impasse in his thinking, but
later he changed his point of
view and
solved the problem in an entirely unexpected
fashion.
people believe that computer labs
will eventually take
over from
the
libraries and students who want to take in new
knowledge will end
up learning everything
in the computer lab.
his car crashed into a
truck almost head-on. If he does
not
stop
driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up
in
the emergency
16
room of a
hospital.
is a flaw in the structural design
of the painting. Why
don't you
erase the
vertical lines and simplify it a little bit
should have given up smoking a long time ago.
After all,
health
is of the utmost
importance to everybody.
第四单元
TEXT A
II
IQs among the
students were within the normal range.
17
study showed that a teacher's positive view and
high
expectations
of students convinces
them that they are gifted and
enables them to
do
better than average work.
did not see
this as evidence that the student was not
bright or
capable, but rather
viewed it as one day 抯poor
performance, an
exception to a normally good pattern of work.
is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was
assured
and she did not
express any
negative qualities such as irony, putdowns
andor irritation.
shows that positive
expectation can be effective even
on mice,
who do not, of course, understand human
language.
means thinking of people in terms
of the general
prejudices
which we have
about their nationality, their race, or
their
gender, rather
than thinking of them as
individuals.
define a broad, heterogenerous
group too specifically.
They are
usually
prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or
sexist.
example shows how labeling can
create a sense of guilt
in a
person who
does not do what is expected, even when he
follows his
talents and is quite
successful.
IV
18
certainty
V
terms of to lives up
to often
as not
of through with
reality part
VI
VII
19
transferring
VIII
the example in the text makes clear
i
mentioned earlier As(was) mentioned earlier
is known all
(is) agreed on in
the contract
had been originally planned
IX
would rather overwork themselves to
make life better
for our
sake than spend
their hard-earned money on
themselves
rather read a best-seller than chat with others
rather confine yourself in the library than
go out to
meet and
talk with local people
rather give up my short-term interest than
let it slip
away
rather not tell our
parents what 抯in our minds than
sit down
20
and communicate with them like friends
X
BDADB ACADA BBACB
XI
某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这
种情况发生时，那个学生面
对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一
次例外，一件偶然的事情，
倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误——而学生相信了她，
并消除了疑虑。下一次，
他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。很
难精确地确定老师传达的信
息：“我期待着最好的成绩，”中到底是哪一部分告诉
了孩子。它的一部分包括显
示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬
低和恼怒等消极因素。期待
着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得
到的答案将是正确的，而孩
子也感受到了那种信心。
XII
should avoid deciding
who is superior only in terms of
21
students' exam results and treating them
accordingly.
Instead, a good
educational
system should enable every student to
measure
up to good
standards as well-rounded people.
often as not, when college students
have questions
after class,
their teachers
are not readily available except during
office
hours. This is
due to teachers' busy academic
research, rather than
their indifference
to the students.
class consists of forty
students, most of whom used to
be labeled
average in terms of English level. But as this
teacher has
never shown
any verbal
impatience, the students have reacted
positively to his
teaching methods and
lived up to his expectations.
is becoming
increasingly demanding in the United
States,
due in part to the diversity of students'
racial
background and the
complexity of
educational technologies that require
additional training.
English are, as
often as not, labeled conservative.
Obviously
this
label is prejudiced. In reality,
Britain is not very different
from other
European countries in terms of national
characteristics.
The British are
polite,
neat, orderly and confident.
young people
grow up with a strong desire for
independence.
They would rather try hard to go through life
on their
own than turn to
their parents
for help with a sense of guilt.
friend treats
you sincerely, so you should respond
accordingly
22
and mustn 抰deceive him
or talk about his setbacks
with
irony(ironically).
neighbors'
irritationannoyance was due to the noise
they
made.
However, because of reassurances that
they would stop
working at
night, they
went through with the decoration of this
apartment.