主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
中秋幽默短信-函件格式
主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
6. His job is to
teach English.
7. His hobby（爱好）is playing
football.
练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充
当。
1. During the 1990s, American country music
has
become more and more popular.
2. We
often speak English in class.
3. One-third of
the students in this class are girls.
4. To
swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5.
Smoking does harm to the health.
6. The rich
should help the poor.
7. When we are going to
have English test has not been
decided.
3.
They helped the old with their housework
yesterday.
8. It is necessary to master a
foreign language.
4. I wanted to buy a car.
9. That he isn’t at home is not true.
5. I
enjoy listening to popular music.
10. There
comes the bus.
6. I think（that）he is fit for
his office.
11. Beyond the village lies a
small village.
考点3. 宾语补足语
12. Now comes
your turn.
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话
考点1. 表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，
它一般位于系动词（如be,
become, get, look, grow,
turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名
词、代词、形容词、
分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从
句表示。
练习4.
用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是
什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
1. His father
named him Dongming.
1. Our teacher of English
is an American.
2. They painted their boat
white.
2. Is it yours
3. Let the fresh
air in.
3. The weather has turned cold.
4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to
you.
4. The speech is exciting.
5. We
saw her entering the room.
5. Three times
seven is twenty-one.
6. We found everything in
the lab in good order.
说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如
make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、
副词、不
定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
8. The machine must
be under repairs.
9. The truth is that he has
never been abroad.
考点2. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，
一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
1. They planted many trees yesterday.
2.
(How many dictionaries do you have) I have five.
7. We will soon make our city what your
city is now.
8. I want your homework done on
time.
考点4. 主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语
态
，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
He was elected
monitor
.
She was found
singing
in
the
next
room
.
He was advised
to teach the lazy boy a
lesson.
考点5. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语
或
句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰
的成分前。
在英语中，许
多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，
这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要
The house built last year is impressive.
（去年建的那座房子）
练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留
意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充
当。
1. The letter on
the desk is for Mr. Wu.
2. The woman with a
baby in her arms is his mother.
3. We need a
place twice larger than this one.
4. She
carried a basket full of eggs.
5. It’s a book
worth no more than one dollar.
6. It’s a city
far from the coast.
7. He has money enough to
buy a car.
8. The man downstairs was trying to
sleep.
9. There are lots of places of interest
needing
原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：
repairing in
our city.
A. 副词用作定语一般要后置。
10. Tigers
belonging to meat-eating animals feed on
People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)
He
didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）
B.
形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语
作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
The next man is a scientist.
The man next
to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）
C. 介词短语作定语时要后置。
The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）
The tallest boy in our class is
John.（我们班最高
的那个男孩）
D.
现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后
置。
I have
something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)
The boy crying
over there is my classmate.
（在那边哭的那个男孩）
meat.
11. A boy calling himself John
wanted to see you.
12. He picked up a wallet
lying on the ground on the
way back home.
13. There are many clothes to be washed.
14. Most of the singers invited to the party
were from
America.
15. Then the great day
came when he was to march past
the palace in
the team.
考点6. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,
说明动作或状
态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
He writes carefully.
He walks slowly.
(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语)
This material is
environmentally
friendly.
（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）
He runs
very slowly.
（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语）
Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.
（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）
A. 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间
一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：
方式→地点→时间。如：
I
found a lost pen outside our school yesterday
morning.
He was walking slowly outside
the park at that
moment.
B.
英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大
先写时间，再写上下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最
后写几几年。
I
invited him to watch a movie at 5 . on Thursday,
August 28th, 2015.
I was born at 6 a.m.,
March 16, 2000.
He lives at 1120 Green Street,
London.
C. 频度副词often, always, usually,
sometimes, never
等在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后,
实义
动词之前。
1. How about meeting again at six
2. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
3.
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party
because
4. of the rain.
5. She put
the eggs into the basket with great care.
6.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
7.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work
8. harder.
9. To make his dream come
true, Tom becomes very
10.
11.
12.
interested in business.
The boy needs a
pen very much.
The boy really needs a pen.
10. He was so tired that he fell asleep
immediately.
11. She works very hard though
she is old.
12. I am taller than he is.
13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
14. On Sundays, there is no student in the
classroom.
15. Having to finish his
homework, the boy needs a
pen.
You can
never tell what he will do.
考点7. 同位语
He is
often late.
同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前
He is
always helping others.
He often came late.
D. 状语按意义分类
在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补
语都比较
好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是
状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、
原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
练习7. 画出下列句中的同位语。
1. The young man, my brother, works in the
office.
2. Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang,
often helps us
练习6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
with
study.
者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students
should study hard.
(students是we的同
位语，都是指同一批“学生”）
It’s good to
us students.
3. They, some railway
workers, are busy repairing
the train.