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完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理
解能力,是广大学生倍感畏惧的题型。 很多学生都会问
老师怎样才能做好完形填空这道题,多数的回答要么很
理论,要么很笼统,学生 听后感觉还是模糊不清。本人
通过多年的学习、思考和总结,归纳出了多种解题方法:
顺势承接 法,逆向推导法,逻辑推理法,情景排除法,词
语搭配法,词语复现法,主旨匹配法,首句联想法,呼应
对照法,语气判定法等。下面就结合高考实例介绍其中
的几种方法,希望大家指正。

1.顺势承接法

完形填空的某些空白前,有时会出现或多或少的设空 依据,就是所谓的“伏
笔”或“铺垫”。优秀的学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或铺垫,对下文顺势进
行判断和推测,心中往往能预想到答案,并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修
正。

[例1](2010年高考北京卷)mrs. neidl would ask me for my 37 . she
wanted to know how i thought we should 38 things. at first i had no idea
how to answer because i knew 39 about stage design! but i slowly began
to respond to her 40 . it was cause and effect: she believed i had
opinions, so i began to 41 them. she trusted me to complete things, so i
completed them perfectly. she loved how 42 i was, so i began to show up
to paint more and more. she believed in me, so i began to believe in
myself.

37. a. opinion b. impression c. information d. intention

38. a. make b. keep c. handle d. change

39. a. anything b. something c. everything d. nothing

40. a. questions b. comments c. explanations d. remarks

41. a. hold b. follow c. evaluate d. form

42. a. happy b. lively c. reliable d. punctual

解析:根据前文的伏笔would ask me for my…;how to answer,用顺势承接
法可推知40答案分别为a。根据前面的sh e believed i had opinions,顺势可推
知41为d(形成自己的看法)。

[例2]one morning, the boy came to robert with a beautiful map of
an island.

robert 44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45 .
“what's that?” he asked. “that's the46 treasure,” said the boy.
robert suddenly 47 something of an adventure story

in the boy's 48 .

44. a. doubted b. noticed c. decided d. recognized

45. a. the sea b. the house c. scotland d. the island

46. a. forgotten b. buried c. discovered d. unexpected

47. a. saw b. drew c. made d. learned

48. a. book b. reply c. picture d. mind

解析:根据前文的伏笔a beautiful map of an island,用顺势承接法可推知
45题和48题的答案分别为d和c。

2.逆向推导法

完形填空题的选项往往需要考生根据文章下文提供的暗示进行判 断和确定,这
就需要考生要想办法在下文中找出这些暗示或依据,从后往前进行推导。此即我们
常说的“瞻前顾后”中的“顾后”。

[例1] (2010年高考湖北卷)the passengers on the bus watched with
sympathy as susan made her way carefully up the steps. she paid the
driver and then, using her hands to 31 the seats, settled in one of them.

it had been a year since susan became blind. as the result of an
accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 32 . susa n’s husband
mark watched her 33 into hopelessness and he was 34 to use every
possible means to help his wife.

31.a. touch b. grab c. count d. feel

32.a. weakness b. sickness c. darkness d. sadness

33.a. run b. sink c. jump d. step

34.a. inspired b. determined c. honored d. pleased

解析:根据3第二段中的became blind可逆向推知31题的答案为c。

[例2] (2009全国卷i)on the morning of his graduation day his
father called him into his own study and told him how 39 he was to have

such a fine son. he handed his son a beautiful gift box. 40 but slightly
disappointed, the young man 41 the box and found a lovely

book, 42 , he raised his voice at his father and said. “ 43 all
your money you give me a book?” and rushed out of the house 44 the book
in the study.

39. a. encouraged b. comfortable c. proud d. moved

40. a. nervous b. serious c. careful d. curious

41. a. packed b. opened c. picked up d. put aside

42. a. angrily b. eagerly c. calmly d. anxiously

解析:根据39空后面的a fine son可推知39题的答案为c。根据raised
his voice at his father 可推知42题答案为a。

3.逻辑推理法

文章的段与段,句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系,如:并列 关系,转折关系,
递进关系,因果关系等。完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把
握。因此,理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。

[例1] (2010年高考江苏卷)i was nine years old when she entered our
home in rural virginia. my father __36__ me to her with these words: “i
would like you to meet the fellow who is

__37 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start
throwing rocks at you no

__38 than tomorrow morning.”

my stepmother walked over to me, __39 my head slightly upward, and
looked me right in the eye. then she looked at my father and replied,
“you are __40 . this is not the worst boy at all, __41 the smartest one
who hasn’t yet found an outlet(释放的途径)for his enthusiasm.”

36. a. rushed b. sent c. carried d. introduced

37. a. distinguished b. favored c. mistaken d. rewarded

38. a. sooner b. later c. longer d. earlier

39. a. dragged b. shook c. raised d. bent

40. a. perfect b. right c. wrong d. impolite

41. a. but b. so c. and d. or

解析:41题前后两句话很明显是转折关系,所以答案应为a。

[例2](2010年高考江西卷)when alice started to cycle home from
jenny’s house, she wasn’t nervous. she was certainly not afraid of the
dark. 36 , it was only a 15-minute ride home. but halfway there, she
began to wish that she hadn’t been so 37 .

as she rounded a sharp bend, it suddenly 38 cold-very cold.
alice’s breath became puffs of white cloud and her legs were so cold
that it became hard to ride.

36.a. however b. besides c. therefore d. otherwise

37.a. brave b. excited c. curious d. stubborn

38.a. fell b. seemed c. proved d. grew

解析:36题前后两句话很明显是递进关系,所以答案应为b。

4.情景排除法

情景排除法。完形填空题中的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”
或“暗示 ”的。这时就要示考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想像,然后用排除法确
定正确选项,因为四个选项中必 有一正确选项。

[例1] (2010年高考江苏卷)when i turned fourteen, she bought me a
secondhand __47 and told me that she believed that i could become a
writer. i knew her enthusiasm, i __48 it, and i saw how it had already
improved our lives. i accepted her __49 and began to write for local
newspapers. i was doing the same kind of __50 that great day i went to
interview andrew carnegie and rec eived the task which became my life’s
work later. i wasn’t the __51 beneficiary (受益者). my father became
the __52 man in town. my brother and stepbrothers became a physician, a
dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.

what power __53 has! when that power is released to support the
certainty of one’s purpose and is __54 strengthened by faith, it
becomes an irresistible(不可抗拒的)force which poverty and temporary
defeat can never __55 .

47. a. camera b. radio c. bicycle d. typewriter

48. a. considered b. suspected c. ignored d. appreciated

49. a. belief b. request c. criticism d. description

50. a. teaching b. writing c. studying d. reading

51. a. next b. same c. only d. real

52. a. cleverest b. wealthiest c. strongest d. healthiest

53. a. enthusiasm b. sympathy c. fortune d. confidence

54. a. deliberately b. happily c. traditionally d. constantly

55. a. win b. match c. reach d. doubt
解析:52题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能
推测出答案的。“我 不是唯一的受益者”“我的哥哥弟弟们成了内科医生,牙医,律
师,大学校长”,这可都是有钱人啊。因 此可推出他爸爸也很富有。故52题的答案
为b。54题,情景应该是“信任使这种力量不断加强,最后 成为不可抗拒的力量。”
故答案为d。

[例2](2010年高考全国卷ii)about twenty minutes into the adventure,
the entire airplane became very 30 . there was now a sense of anxiety
and fear that could be 31 noticed. every passenger simply held on for
dear life …except one. a 32 was having a good time! with each bump of
the 33 , he would let out a giggle (咯咯的笑) of delight. as i observed
this,

i 34 that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried
about his 35 . he neither thought about the past nor about the future.
those are what we grown-ups have learned from 36 . he was 37 the ride
because he had not yet been taught to fear it. having understood this, i
took a deep breath and 38 back into my seat, pretending i was 39 on a

roller coaster. i smiled for the rest of the flight. i even 40 to giggle
once or twice, much to the chagrin (懊恼) of the man sitting next to me
holding the airsickness bag.

30. a. quiet b. hot c. dirty d. crowded

31. a. partly b. gradually c. shortly d. clearly

32. a. pilot b. baby c. guard d. man

33. a. seats b. passengers c. flight d. airplane

34. a. realized b. hoped c. agreed d. insisted

35. a. health b. safety c. joy d. future

36. a. teachers b. books c. experience d. practice

37. a. learning b. taking c. missing d. enjoying

38. a. sat b. lay c. went d. rode

39. a. nearly b. finally c. really d. suddenly

40. a. attempted b. managed c. wanted d. decided

解析:35题与36题在 上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情
景还是能推测出答案的。“小孩太小,还不懂事, 对自己的安全全然不知”;“大人
们害怕、担心,那是他们从经历中学到的”。故35题和36题的答案 分别为b和
c。

5.词语搭配法

词语搭 配法。完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的搭配,主要考查动词与名词,
动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的 搭配。掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[例1] (2010年高考北京卷)mrs. neidl's 43 that year was, “try it.
we can always paint over it 44 !” i began to take 45 . i had been so
afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be
46 upon. i learned to dip my brush into the paint and 47 create
something.

the shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. i was 48 in the
program as “student art assistant” because of the time and effort i’d
put in. it was that year that i 49 i wanted to spend the rest of my life
doing stage design.

43. a. message b. motto c. saying d. suggestion

44. a. again b. more c. instead d. later

45. a. steps b. control c. charge d. risks

46. a. improved b. acted c. looked d. reflected

47. a. easily b. carefully c. confidently d. proudly

48. a. introduced b. recognized c. identified d. considered

49. a. confirmed b. decided c. realized d. acknowledged

解析:48题考查固定搭配。be recognized as….意为“被公认为,被认可
为”。

[例2](2010年高考全国卷i)he smi led and said, “she doesn’t know
me, but i know who she is.” i had to hold back 50 as he left.

now i 51 that in marriages, true love is 52 of all that is. the
happiest people

don’t 53 have the best of everything; they just 54 the best of
everything they

have. 55 isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to
dance in the rain.

50. a. curiosity b. tears c. words d. judgment

51. a. realize b. suggest c. hope d. prove

52. a. agreement b. expression c. acceptance d. exhibition

53. a. necessarily b. completely c. naturally d. frequently

54. a. learn b. make c. favor d. try

55. a. adventure b. beauty c. trust d. life

解析:53题与54题考查就是固定搭配。not necessarily意为“未必”;make
the best of意为“充分利用;尽可能地善用”。

6.词语复现法

词语复 现法。完型填空的文章虽短,但又是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇,
所讨论的是同一主题,所以行文中 的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复

现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、 近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中,
句子通过这种复习现得到

了相互衔接 。因此完形填空题的某个空格所对应的答案可能就是上下文中复
现的相关词,我们据此就能找到正确答案 。

[例1] (2010年高考山东卷)as i found out, there is, 46 , often no
perfect equivalence (对应) between two 47 in two languages. my aunt even
goes so far as to 48 that a chinese “equivalent” can never give you
the 49 meaning of a word in english! 50 , she insisted that i read the
definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary 51 i wanted to
get a better understanding of its meaning. 52 , i have come to see what
she meant.

46. a. at least b. in fact c. at times d. in case

47. a. words b. names c. ideas d. characters

48. a. hope b. declare c. doubt d. tell

49. a. exact b. basic c. translated d. expected

50. a. rather b. however c. therefore d. instead

51. a. when b. before c. until d. while

52. a. largely b. generally c. gradually d. probably

解析 :47题可使用词语复现法来解。前文和后文多次复现了word这个词汇,
很容易可得出47题的答案 为a。

[例2]when all the seats were taken, the driver started the engine.
the conductor began to collect the fares(车费). when she came to an old
man in worn-out clothes, he 42 that he had spent all his money when he
accidentally got on a wrong bus and now he was trying to go home. on
hearing this, she ordered the old man to 43 the bus. the old man was
almost in tears as

he 44 her to let him take the bus home. the driver took the
conductor's side and repeated the conductor's 45 .

42. a. explained b. declared c. admitted d. found

43. a. get off b. start c. get on d. stop

44. a. begged b. scolded c. praised d. thanked

45. a. request b. action c. suggestion d. command
< br>解析:45题可使用词语复现法来解。由repeated一词可知司机在重复着售票
员的“命令 ”,是前文中的ordered同义词。故答案为d。