2018年6月英语四级真题答案及解析(卷一)
马来西亚英迪大学-迎国庆
2018 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第 1 套)
Part I Writing
审题思路:
这个话题贴近学生学习,比较容易入手
。通过审题可知,文章需要着重从两个方面展开,分别为阅读能力的重 要
性以及如何提高阅读能
力。其中,如何提高阅读能力应该分层次重点阐述。另外,文章结尾需要总结全文,进一
步强调
方法的重要性。
范文点评:
高分范文
The
Importance of Reading Ability and How to Develop
It
①As the most frequently used way to get
access to original materials,
reading has
always been considered one of the most important
parts of
language learning, ② which can
facilitate expansion of lexical items,
enhancement of grammar, and accumulation of
social and cultural
awareness. ③This also
explains the reason why reading skills should be
highly emphasized.
④ In order to improve
your reading ability, there are some tips to
精彩点评
①开门见山,提出阅读的重要性。
②用 which
引导的定语从句具体阐述阅读
的重要作用。
③承上启下,指出阅读技能应该受到重视。
④引出下文:提高阅读能力有几点建议。
⑤⑥⑦分别用First of
all、Secondly、Last but
not least
具体阐述提高阅读能力的三点建
议。
⑧用 Above all
总结全文,进一步阐述阅读
有很大益处,并强调学习者应该提高阅读技
能。
follow. ⑤First of all, scan the material
before you begin reading. Whatever
the purpose
of your reading is, take a few minutes to look the
piece over,
and check and see how the work is
structured and presented. ⑥Secondly,
try not
to reach for the dictionary when you come across a
word you don’t
know. Instead, try to
guess the meaning of the word based on the
context.
加分两点
⑦Last but not least, write a
few sentences to summarize what you’ve read
frequently 频繁地
since it is a way of
checking if you have completely understood.
enhancement 提高,改进
⑧ Above all, reading has
great benefits that can help you learn the
cultural awareness 文化意识
language faster and
more thoroughly. Every language learner can try
the
context 上下文,语境
above methods to develop
their reading skills.
summarize 总结
全文翻译:
阅读能力的重要性以及如何提高阅读能力
作为获取原始材料最常使用的
方式,阅读一直被认为是语言学习中最重要的部分之一。它能够促进词汇的拓展、
语
法的提高以及社会和文化意识的积累。这也正好解释了为什么应该高度重视阅读技能。
为了
提高你的阅读能力,以下有几点建议。首先,在开始阅读之前先快速浏览材料。不管你的阅读目的是什么,
用几
分钟来整体把握文章的结构和呈现方式。其次,当遇到不认识的词汇时先不要急于查词典。相反,试
着根据语境猜测词
义。最后同样重要的是,写一些句子来总结你读过的内容,因为这也是检验你是否完全
读懂的一个方法。
总之,阅读有很大益处,可以帮助你更快、更全面地学习语言。每一个语言学习者都
可以按照上面提到的方法 来提
高自己的阅读技能。
Section A
Part II Listening Comprehension
News Report One
(1)A message in a
bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more
than five decades ago was found 1,500 miles
away and has been returned to his daughter.
The long-lost message was discovered by Clint
Buffington of Utah while he
was vacationing.
Buffington says he found a soda bottle half buried
in the sand that “looked like it had been there
since the
beginning of time.”
The note
inside the bottle said, “Return to 419 Ocean
Street and receive a reward of $$150 from Richard
and Tina Pierce,
owners of the Beachcomber
Motel.”
The motel was owned by the parents of
Paula Pierce in 1960. Her father had written the
notes as a joke and had thrown
it
into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New
Hampshire to deliver that message to Pola Pierce.
(2)She held up to her
father’s promise, giving
Buffington that reward. But the biggest reward is
the message in a bottle finding its way back home.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
未听先知:预览两道题个选项,由
return、bottled message 和 history
等词可以初步判断,该新闻与归还漂流瓶里的
便条有关。第 1
题各选项均为概括性比较强的名词短语,可能考查新闻的主旨;第 2 题各选项的主语均为
She,结
合 wanted to、asked by her father to do so
可推测,此题考查女士做某事的原因。
1. What is the news report
mainly about?
答案:A
详解:新闻开篇指出,新罕布什尔州的一位先生把一个装有便条的瓶子扔到海里,五十年后被人在
1,500 英里外的海
滩捡到并归还给这位先生的女儿。由此可知,新闻的主要内容是漂流瓶中的便条
归还主人女儿,答案为 A。
did Paula Pierce give Clint
Buffington the reward?
答案:B
详解:新闻中提到,Buffington 飞往新罕布什尔州,将便条给了 Paula
Pierce. Paula Pierce 遵守父亲的承诺,给予
Buffington
便条中所说的 150 美元的奖励。由此可知,Paula Pierce 给 Buffington
奖励就是为了遵守父亲当年的承诺,
答案为 B。
News Report Two
Millions of bees have died in South Carolina
during aerial insect spraying operations that were
carried out to combat
the Zika virus. (3)The
insects spraying over the weekend left more than 2
million bees dead on the spot in Dorchester
County, South Carolina, where four travel-
related cases of Zika disease have been confirmed
in the area. (4)Most of the
deaths came from
Flower Town Bee farm, a company in Somerville that
sells bees and honey products. Juanita Stanley who
owns the company said the farm “looks like
it's been destroyed.” The farm lost about 2.5
million bees. Dorchester County
officials
apologized for the accidental mass killing of
bees. Dorchester County is aware that some
beekeepers in the area
that was sprayed on
Sunday lost their bee colonies. County manager
Jason Ward said in a statement. “I’m not pleased
that
so many bees were killed.”
Questions
3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
未听先知:预览两道题各选项,由选项中反复出现的
bees、disease、lost 等词可推测,新闻内容与蜜蜂的遭遇有关。
3.
Why were spraying operations carried out in
Dorchester County?
答案:B
详解:新闻开头提到,在进行针对寨卡病毒的空中昆虫喷洒操作期间,南卡罗来纳州多彻斯特县 200
多万只蜜蜂
因此死亡,该地区已确认了四例寨卡病毒病,由此可知,空中喷洒的原因是该地区已经确认了
多例寨卡病毒,答案 为 B。
4.
What does the news
report say about Flowertown Bee Farm?
答案:C
详解:新闻中提到,大部分死亡的蜜蜂来自一个叫作 Flowertown 的养蜂场,死亡蜜蜂约
250 万只。因此答案为 C。
News Report Three
The
world’s largest aircraft has taken to the skies
for the first time. (5)The Air lander 10 spent
nearly two hours in the
air, having taken off
from Coddington Airfield in Bedfordshire. During
its flight, it reached 3,000 feet and performed a
series of gentle turns all over a safe area.
The aircraft is massive—as long as a football
field and as tall as six double decker
buses
and capable of flying for up to five days. (6)It
was first developed for the US government as a
long-range spy aircraft,
but was abandoned
following budget cutbacks. (7)The aircraft cost 25
million pounds and can carry heavier loads than
huge
jet planes while also producing less
noise and emitting less pollution. The makers
believe it’s the future of aircraft and one
day we’ll be using them to go places. But
there’s still a long way to go. The Air lander
will need to have 200 hours’ flying
time
before being allowed to fly by the aviation
administration. If it passes though, we can hope
we’ll all get some extra
legroom.
Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report
you have just heard.
未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由 stayed in
the air、took off、landed 和 aviation technology
等词可以推测,新闻内容
与飞机有关。第 5 题各选项主语均为 It,结合新闻主题可知,It
指飞机,听音时留意对飞机的描述;结合第 6 题和
第 7
题各选项语义可推测,两题分别考查该飞机的问题和优点,听音时应注意捕捉。
5.
What do we learn about the first flight of the
Airlander 10?
答案:A
详解:新闻开头指出,世界上最大的飞机
Airalnder 10 第一次升空。该飞机在英国贝德福德郡的科丁顿机场起飞,
飞行了将近两个小时。因此答案为 A。
6.
What cause the
US government to abandon the Airlander 10 as a spy
aircraft?
答案:C
详解:新闻中提到,Airlander 10 最初是作为
远程间谍飞机位美国政府开发的,但(政府)预算削减后就被放弃了。
由此可知,美国政府放弃
Airlander 10 的原因是资金不足,答案为 C。
7.
What is
the advantage of the Airlander 10 over huge jet
planes?
答案:D
详解:新闻中提到,Airlander 10 耗资
2,500
万英镑,比大型喷气飞机载重大,然而它的噪音却更小,污染也更少。由
此可知,Airlander
10 为更加环保型的飞机,答案为 D。
Section B
Conversation
One
M: Do you feel like going out tonight?
W:Yeah,why not? We haven’t been out for ages,
What’s on?
M: Well, there’s a film about
climate change. Does it sound good to you?
W:
Oh, not really. It doesn’t really appeal to me.
What’s it about? Just climate change?
M: I
think it’s about how climate change affects
everyday life. I wonder how they make it
entertaining.
W: Well, (8)it sounds really
awful. It’s an important subject, I agree, but I’m
not in the mood for anything depressing. What
else is on?
M:There’s a Spanish Dance
Festival.
W: Oh, I love dance. That sounds
really interesting.
M: Apparently, it’s
absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in
the paper. “Anna Gomez leads in an exciting
production of
the great Spanish love story,
Garmen.”
W: Ok, then. What time is it on?
M: At 7:30.
W: Well, that’s no good. (9)We
haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there
anything else?
M:There’s a comedy special on.
W: Where’s it on?
M: It’s at the City
Theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of
different acts. It looks pretty good. (10)The
critic in the
local the paper says it’s the
funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here “Roger
Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of
fun
performances.”
W: Mm… I’m not keen on him.
He’s not very funny.
M: Are you sure your
fancy going out tonight? You are not very
enthusiastic.
W: Perhaps you are right.
(11)Okay, let’s go to see the dance. But tomorrow,
not tonight.
M: Great, I’ll book the tickets
online.
Questions 8 and 11 are based on the
news report you have just heard.
未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由 daily
life、dancing、theatre、amusing show、comedy 和 tickets
等词可以推测,对
话为日常生活类,内容可能涉及各种娱乐活动。
8.
What
does the woman think of climate chande?
答案:A <
br>详解:对话开头,男士说有一场关于气候变化的电影,问女士要不要去看,女士说气候变化是个重要的话题
,但
是她没有心情看令人沮丧的内容,即女士认为气候变化是一个令人沮丧的话题,答案为 A。
9.
Why do the speakers give up going to
the Spanish Dance Festival tonight?
答案:D
详解:对话中女士表示不喜欢有关气候变化的电影,继而追问是否还有其他娱乐项目,当男士告知女士
7 点半有
西班牙舞蹈节表演的时候,女士表示没有足够的时间赶到那里。因此答案为 D。
10.
What does the critic say about
the comedy performed at the City Theatre?
答案:C
详解:对话中,男士告知女士剧院今晚喜剧特别节目,评论员在当地报纸上说这是他看过的最滑稽的表演
。因此
答案为 C。
11.
What does the woman
decide to do tomorrow?
答案:B
详解:对话末尾,女士说出自己的决定:明天晚上去看舞蹈表演。因此答案为 B。
Conversation Two
W: Good morning, Mr. Lee,
May I have a minutes of your time?
M: Sure,
Catherine, What can I do for you?
W: (12)I’m
quiet anxious about transferring over to our
college, I’m afraid I won’t fit in.
M: don't
worry, Catherine. It’s completely normal for you
to be nervous about transferring schools. This
happens to many
transfer students.
W: Yes,
I know, but I’m younger than most students in my
year. And that worries me a lot.
M: (13)Well,
you may be the only younger one in your year, but,
you know, we have a lot of after-school activities
you can
join in. And so, this way, you will be
able to meet new friends of different age groups.
W: That’s nice. I love games and hobby groups.
M: I’m sure you do. So you’ll be just fine.
Don’t worry so much and try to make the most of
what we have on offer here.
Also, (14)remember
that you can come to me anytime of the day if you
need help.
W: Thanks so much. I definitely
feel better now. As a matter of fact, I’ve already
contacted one of the girls who’d be living
in
the same house with me, and she seemed really
nice. I guess living on campus, I’ll have a chance
to have a close
circle of friends, since
we’ll be living together.
M: All students are
very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who
would be living with you in your flat. Okay, there
are
Hannah, Kelly, and Bree. (15)Bree is also
a new student here, like you. I’m sure you two
will have more to share with each
other.
Questions 12 and 15 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由反复出现的 transfer 和 transfer
student 可推测,对话内容与转学有关。结合第 12
题各选项语义可推测,女士为转校生,
该题考查女士的情况,听音时应留意对话开头语女士相关的描述;第 13 题
和第 14
题各选项均为动词短语结构,结合语义可推测,13 题考查女士将要做什么,14 题考查男士为女士做某事,
听音时要留意捕捉相关信息;第 15 题各选项主语均为 She,且均为现在完成时,因此考查
She 已经完成的行为动作。
12.
Why does Catherine feel
anxious?
答案:D
详解:对话中,男士询问女士能帮她做些什么,女士表示她担心自己作为转校生会不合群。因此答案为
D。
does Mr. Lee encourage Catherine to do?
答案:C
详解:女士非常担心自己年龄小不能适应新学校的生活。男士说她可以参加学校的各
种课外活动,这样就能认识
不同年龄段的朋友。由此可知,男士鼓励女士参加课外活动,故答案为 C。
14. Whan does Mr. Lee promise to do for
Catherine?
答案:A
详解:对话中,男士建议女士参加课外活动,并安慰女士不
要太担心,尽量充分利用学校提供的一切,并告诉女
士如果需哟啊帮助可以随时找他。因此答案为 A。
15. What do we learn about Catherine’s
schoolmate Bree?
答案:D
详解:对话末尾,男士指出,Bree
和女士一样,也是新来的学生。因此答案为 D。
Section C
Passage
One
Have you ever felt like you would do just
about anything to satisfy your hunger? A new study
in mice may help to
explain why hunger can
feel like such a powerful motivating force. ( 16 )
In the study, researchers found that hunger
outweighed other physical drives, including
fear, thirst and social needs. To determine which
feeling won out, the
researchers
did a series of experiments. In one experiment,
the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given
the choice of
either eating food or drinking
water, the mice went for the food, the researchers
found. However, when the mice were well-
fed
but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the
study. In the second experiment meant to pit the
mice’s hunger against
their fear, hungry mice
were placed in a cage that had certain “fox-
scented” areas and other places that smelled safer
(in
other words, not like an animal that could
eat them) but also had food. (17)It turned out
that, when the mice were hungry,
they ventured
into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice
were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage
that were
considered “safe.” Hunger also
outweighed the mice’s social needs, the
researchers found. (18)Mice are usually social
animals and prefer to be in the company of
other mice, according to the study. When the mice
were hungry, they opted to
leave the company
of other mice to go get food.
Questions
16 and 18 are based on the news report you have
just heard.
未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由 investigate 和反复出现的
mice 可推测,短文内容与拿老鼠做实验有关。第 16
题
各选项均为不定式结构,考查实验的目的;第 17
题各选项均为表示时间的句子,考查老鼠做某事的时间;第 18
题
各选项都是描述喜好的句子,考查老鼠的习性。
16. What is the
researchers’ pirpose in carrying out the series of
experiments with mice?
答案:B
详解:短文中提到,对老鼠的一
项新研究解释了为什么饥饿是强大的动力源泉,饥饿战胜了其他身体本能的需求, 包括
恐惧、口
渴和社交需求。为了确定哪种感觉的影响更胜一筹,研究人员做了一系列的实验。因此答案为 B。
17. In what circumstances, do mice venture
into unsafe areas?
答案:A
详解:短文中提到,在第二个实验中研究
者把老鼠的饥饿与恐惧作对照研究,结果表明,当老鼠饿了的时候,它
们会冒险进入不安全的地方寻找食
物。因此答案为 A。
18. What is said about mice at the
end of the passage?
答案:C
详解:短文末尾提到,老鼠通常是群居动物,喜欢成群结伴。因此答案为 C。
Passage Two
( 19 ) The United States has
one of the best highway systems in the world.
Interstate highways connect just about
every
large and mid-sized city in the country. Did you
ever wonder why such a complete system of
excellent roads exists?
For an answer,you
would have to go back to the early 1920s. (20)In
those years, just after World War I, the military
wanted
to build an American highway system for
national defense. Such a system could, if
necessary, move troops quickly from one
area
to another. It could also get people out of cities
in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of
national importance
were designated, but they
were mostly small country roads. In 1944, Congress
passed a bill to upgrade the system, but did
not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s,
the plan began to become a reality. Over $$25
billion was appropriated by
Congress, and
construction began on about 40,000 miles of new
roads. The idea was to connect the new system to
existing
expressways and freeways. And, though
the system was built mostly to make car travel
easier, defense was not forgotten.
For
instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough
to allow trailers carrying military missiles to
pass under them.
(21)By 1974, this system was
mostly completed. A few additional roads would
come later. Quick and easy travel between
all
parts of the country was now possible.
Questions 19 and 21 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由选项中的
construction、transport、transporation、higher speed
等词可推测,短文
内容与建造道路有关。第 19 题考查某道路的建造情况或者影响;第 20
题均为不定式结构,考查道路建造的目的;
第 21
题各选项均为时间,可能考查道路建成的时间,听音时要留意出现时间的地方。
19. What
does the speaker say about the American highway
system?
答案:D
详解:短文开头指出,美国拥有世界上最好的高速公路系统之一。因此答案为 D。
20.
What was the original purpose of building a
highway system?
答案:B
详解:短文中提到,美国的公路建造可追溯到
20 世纪 20 年代初,在第一次世界大战后的那些年里,军方想要建
造一个国防高速公路系统,以
便在必要时迅速转移部队,也可以让人民离开有被轰炸危险的城市。由此可知,美国
建造公路的最初动机是部队转移的需求,答案为 B。
21. When
was the Interstate Highway System mostly
completed?
答案:A
详解:短文末尾提到,从 20 世纪 50
年代起,美国国会拨款建造公路系统,直到 1974 年,公路系统建造基本完成。因
此答案为 A。
Passage Three
(22)Texting while driving
was listed as a major cause of road deaths among
young Americans back in 2013. A recent
study
said that 40% of American teens claim to have been
in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a
way that put
people in danger. This sounds
like a widespread disease but it’s one that
technology may now helped cure. T.J. Evarts, a 20-
year-old inventor, has come up with a novel
solution that could easily put texting drivers on
notice. (23)It’s called Smart
Wheel, and it’s
designed to fit over the steering wheel of most
standard vehicles to track whether or not the
driver has two
hands on the wheel at all
times. (24)Evarts’ invention warns the drivers
with a light and a sound when they hold the wheel
with one hand only, but as soon as they place
the other hand back on the wheel, the light turns
back to green and the sound
stops. It also
watches for what’s called “close by hands”, where
both hands are close together near the top of the
wheel, so
the driver can type with both thumbs
and drive at the same time. (25)All the data Smart
Wheel collects is also sent to a
connected
app. So any parents who install Smart Wheel can
keep track of the teen’s driving habits. If they
try to remove or
damage the cover, that’s
reported as well.
Questions 22 and 25 are
based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由 driving、highways、steering
wheel 和 vehicle 等词可推测,短文内容与驾驶车辆
有关。第 22
题各选项描述均为危险驾驶行为,听音时应留意相关描述;第 23
题各选项均为对某物性质的描述,听
音时需要确定某物所指;由第 24 题选项中的 keeps
flashing、alerted、warning
推测,此题考查驾驶员的某种行为可
鞥呢触发的警报;第 25
题各选项均为动名词短语,结合语义可推测,此题考查做某事的方法。
22. What is a
major cause of road deaths among young Americans?
答案:B
详解:短文开头提到,开车时发短信被列为 2013
年美国年轻人死于交通事故的一个主要原因。因此答案为 B。
is Smart Wheel?
答案:D
详解:短文中提到,为提醒开车时发短信的驾驶员,Evarts
发明了智能方向盘(Smart
Wheel),该设备适用于多
数标准车辆的方向盘,可以检测驾驶员是否一直用双手驾驶。因此答案为
D。
24. What happens if the driver has one hand
on the wheel?
答案:C
详解:短文中提到,当驾驶员单手驾驶时,智能方向
盘就会亮灯并发出声音以示警告;当驾驶员重新双手驾驶时,
灯就
会重新变为绿色,声音也会消失。因此答案为 C。
25. How do
parents keep track of their teen’s driving havits?
答案:B
详解:短文末尾提到,智能方向盘收集的数据都会传到相应的
App,父母只要安装了这个应用程序,就能追踪到
孩子的驾驶习惯。因此答案为 B。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
全文翻译:
曼彻斯特米勒街的一座办公大楼完全被太阳能电池板覆盖。它们被用来制造楼内保
险公司所用的部分能源。当
这座大楼于 1962 年首次(26)建造时,它的外墙都是薄薄的方形石
板。但这些方形的小石板成了大楼的问题,四
十年来不断从外墙脱落,直到一项重大的翻新工程(27)
开始进行。在这次翻新期间,大楼的所有者 CIS 公司(28)
咨询了太阳能电池板公司
Solarcentury。他们就用太阳能电池板覆盖整栋大楼达成一致。2004 年,完工后的 CIS
大
楼成为欧洲最大的垂直太阳能电池板(29)组群。自那以后,再也没有如此大(30)规模的垂直太
阳能电池板工程
了。
用太阳能电池板覆盖一幢摩天大楼以前从来没有做过,CIS 大楼当选
为“十大最佳绿色能源项目”之一。这次
翻新项目后的很长一段时间里,它都是英国最高的大楼,但是它
(31)最终被米尔班克塔超越了。
像这样的绿色建筑对投资者来说不(3
2)一定划算,但是它产生的污染确实比通过化石燃料来(33)产生能源 所
造成的污染少。随着
太阳能电池板变得(34)更加便宜,世界上有可能会看到更多被太阳能电池板覆盖的摩天大 楼,
像树一样收集能源。想象这样一个世界:建造最高的摩天大楼不再是一个关于(35)高度的竞赛,而是一个关
于收集
最多太阳能的竞赛。
选项归类:
名 词:C)collection
收集,采集,组群;G)dimension 方面,部分;J) height
高度;L)production 生产,产生;M)range
范围,界限;N)scale
规模,程度
动 词:D)competed 竞争,争夺;E)constructed
建造,构筑;F)consulted 咨询,商量;H)discovered 发现,找到
M)range 包括,涉及;N)scale 攀登;O)undertaken
开始进行,着手做
形容词:A)cheaper 更便宜;B)cleaner 更干净,更清洁
副 词:I)eventually 最终,终于;K)necessarily
必然,必定
详解详析:
26. 答案:E)constructed 建造,构筑
详解:动词辨析题。空格前有系动词 was,因此空格处应填入形容词作表语或动词的分词形式与
was 一起作谓语,
备选项中的两个形容词均不符合句意,因此应填入动词的分词形式。本句意为,当这座大楼于 1962
年首次 时,
它的外墙都是薄薄的方形石板。接下来提到了“翻新”(renovation),由此推知,1962
年是首次建造,故答案为
E)constructed
建造,构筑。备选项中的其他动词均不符合文意,故排除。
27. 答案:O)undertaken
开始进行,着手做
详解:动词辨析题。空格前是系动词
was,因此空格处应填入形容词作表语或动词的分词形式与 was 一起作谓语,
但备选项中的两
个形容词均不符合句意,因此应填入动词的分词形式。本句意为,但这些方形的小石板成了大楼的
问题,
四十年来不断地从外墙脱落,直到一项重大的翻新工程 。由下文可知,翻新之后大楼外墙的石板换成
了太阳能电池板,那么直到翻新开始进行之前外墙都是石板,因此答案为建造,构筑。备选项中的其他动词均不符
合文意,故排除。
28. 答案:F)consulted 咨询,商量
详解:动词辨析题。空格前是名词词组 the building’s
owners,空格后仍然是名词词组 the solar panel
company,句
子缺少谓语,因此空格处应填入动词。本句意为,在这次翻新期间,大楼的所有者
CIS 公司 太阳能电池板公
司
Solarcentury。下一句提到,他们就用太阳能电池板覆盖整幢大楼达成一致。由此推断,CIS
公司向 Solarcentury
公司咨询了相关事情,两家公司商量后达成一致,故答案为
F)consulted 咨询,商量。由时间状语 during this renovation
可知,空格处应填入动词的过去式,而且是及物动词,因此排除
D)competed、M)range 和 N)scale;又因为 Solarcentury
这家公司一直存在,并不是新发现的,所以排除 H)discovered。
29.
答案:C)collection 收集,采集,组群
详解:名词辨析题。空格前是形容词的最高级
largest,因此应填入名词。本句意为,2004 年,完工后的 CIS
大楼
成为欧洲最大的垂直太阳能电池板 。由上文可知,太阳能电池板覆盖整幢大楼,因此此处应填入
含有“集
合体”意义的名词,C)collection
收集,采集,组群,符合句意,故为答案。剩余备选名词中,G)dimension 和 J) height
不能与 largest 搭配;CIS 大楼并没有生产太阳能电池板,排除
L)production;M)range 和 N)scale 不符合此处句意,
故均排除。
30. 答案:N)scale 规模,程度
详解:名词辨析题。空格前有形容词
large,因此应填入名词。本句意为,自那以后,再也没有如此大
的垂
直太阳能电池板工程了。前一句提到,完工后的 CIS
大楼成为欧洲最大的垂直太阳能电池板组群,因此此处表达的
意思是这个工程规模很大,所以本题答案为
N)scale 规模,程度,on a alarge scale
是固定搭配,意为“大规模的”。
31.答案:I)eventually 最终,终于;
详解:副词辨析题。空格位于谓语 was overtaken
的中间,因此应填入副词。本句意为,这次翻新项目后的很长一
段时间里,CIS
大楼都是英国最高的建筑物,但是它 被米尔班克塔超越了。由句意可知,空格处所填的副词
应于
for a long time 形成对比,因此答案为 I)eventually
最终,终于;备选项中的 K)necessarily 不符合此处句意,故
排除。
32.
答案:K)necessarily 必然,必定
详解:副词辨析题。空格前是
aren’t,后面是形容词 cost-
effcient,因此应填入副词修饰形容词。此处意为,像这
样的绿色建筑对投资者来说不
划算。but 前后形成对比,but 之后用 does 来强调动词 produce,可以推断 but
之前的内容应该不是十分确定。由此可知,空格处填入的副词应与前面的 not
一起表示“不一定”的含义,故答案
为 K)necessarily
必然,必定,not necessarily 是习惯用法,意为“不一定,未必”。
33.
答案:L)production 生产,产生
详解:名词辨析题。空格前是介词 by,后
面应该跟名词词组,因此空格处应填入名词。此处意为,但是它产生的
污染确实比通过化石燃料来
能源所造成的污染少。由句意可知,这里是对比两种方式产生能源的污染情况,
因此答案为
L)production 生产,产生。energy 是从 fossil fuels
中得来的,因此空格处应填入由动词转化来的名词,
其余备选名词均不符合,故排除。
34.
答案:A)cheaper 更便宜
详解:形容词辨析题。空格前是动词
get,可以填入名词作宾语,但备选名词均不符合此处句意,而 get
也可以作
为系统词,后面跟形容词作表语,因此此处应填入形容词。此处意为,随着太阳能电池板变得
,世界上有可
能会看到更多被太阳能电池板覆盖的摩天大楼。本段第一句提到,这种绿色建筑未必划算,
而本句又提到以后会有
更多太阳能电池板覆盖的摩天大楼,说明太阳能电池板的成本会降低,故答案为 A)cheaper
更便宜。太阳能电池板
本身就是清洁能源,不可能“更清洁”,因此排除 B)cleaner。
35.
答案:J) height 高度
详解:名词辨析题。空格前是介词 o
f,后面应该跟名词或动名词,备选项中没有动名词,因此空格处应填入名词。
本句意为,想象这样一个
世界:建造最高的摩天大楼不再是一个关于
的竞赛,而是一个关于收集最多太阳
能的竞赛。由空格前的 tallest
可知,摩天大楼比的是高度,因此本题答案为 J) height
高度。其余备选名词均不符合
此处句意,故排除。
Section B
全文翻译:
一些大学生对他们必须付费做作业感到气愤
A)
如今数字学习系统对学生完成课程作业、测验和提交作业所需的访问代码进行收费。随着高校逐渐数字化,
学
生们在抱怨新一轮的财务冲击正在取代——或者有时是加入到——他们昂贵的教科书:完成课程作业和
提交作业所需
的昂贵的在线访问代码。
B) 这些代码——每门课程价格一般在 80
美元至 155 美元之间不等——可以让学生在网络上使用由麦格劳·希
尔和培生这样的教育公司开发
的系统。(40)这些公司作为教科书出版商长期以来收益颇丰,现在吹嘘他们新的在
线服务代表着教育行业的未来,同时将这些在线服务通过与他们合作的高校推广至学生。
C)
(45)但批评家认为这些数字访问代码代表着和教科书生意相同的寻利观念,甚至令学生更难不参与其中。
曾
经他们可以购买二手课本,或者和朋友共享复印本,但数字系统根本无法避免。
D) (3
7)“说起这些访问代码,我们认为这是教科书垄断的新形式,是一种把学生锁在这个系统中的新方式,”美国公共利益研究集团高等教育倡导者伊桑·斯奈克对 BuzzFeed 新闻说道。“你要支付 120
美元,而不是 250 美元
(印刷课本的价格),”斯奈克说道。“但是因为全部数字化,这就淘汰了
旧书市场,消除了任何形式的共享。而
且由于作业和考试是通过一个访问代码进行的,所以也消除了任何
不参与其中的可能。”
E) 萨日娜·哈珀是弗吉尼亚理工学院的一名 19 岁的学生,她在
2015 年刚上大学时面临着进退两难的处境—
—是付房租还是付钱提交化学作业。她告诉
BuzzFeed 新闻说,她大一的化学课要求她使用由麦格劳·希尔公司提
供的 Connect
系统,学生在这个系统里提交作业、参加考试和跟踪成绩。但是,访问这个程序的代码要花费 120
美
元,这对哈珀来说是一笔不小的数目,她已经花了 450 美元买课本,而且很快又要交房租了。
F) (43)她决定等待下次的勤工助学的工资,一般是 150 美元至 200 美元,用这笔钱
来支付这个代码。她知
道她的化学成绩可能会因此面临一次下滑。“只能这样平衡了,”他说道。“我现
在真的能负担的起这些访问代码
吗?”她没有提交前两次的化学作业,这使她开始这门课时成绩就不合格。
G) 这些访问代
码或许又是一笔让学生头疼的财务问题,但是对教科书企业来说,它们才是未来。(39)麦格
劳·希尔
公司掌握着 21%的高等教育市场,它在 3 月份报告称其数字内容的销售在 2015
年时首次超过了印刷品的
销售。该公司称,2015 年 1.4 亿美元的收入中
45%“来自数字产品”。
H) 培生公司的一名发言人告诉 BuzzFeed
新闻,“数字材料更便宜,是很好的投资”,它可以提供新的特色,
如音频文本、个性化知识检查以及
专家视频等。(42)相比传统的印刷教材,其数字课程材料能为学生节省 60%的
开销,该公司补充
道。麦格劳·希尔公司没有对评论的请求进行回应,但是其首席执行官大卫·莱文在 8
月份时告
诉《金融时报》,“在高等教育中,印刷教材的时代现在已经结束了。”
I) 教科
书行业坚持认为,线上系统对学生来说更实惠,“这些数字产品不只是学生提交作业的机制,它们还有
各
种特色,”美国出版商协会高等教育执行理事大卫·安德森告诉 BuzzFeed
新闻。“它以印刷作业任务无法实现
的方式帮助学生们更好地理解。”
J)
大卫·亨特是奥古斯塔州立大学的社会学副教授,该大学在数字系和心理学系已经全面使用数字教材。他告
诉
BuzzFeed 新闻说。他明白使用这些需要访问代码的系统的功用。但是,他没有要求他的学
生们购买控制课程作业
的学习程序。“我努力让教材尽可能便宜一些,”亨特说道。他在课上使用免费的
数字教材,但是他们设计了自 己的课
程。(44)“线上系统或许能让我的生活轻松很多,但是
我觉得好像自己不再有控制权。课上讨论才是我的 专业专业
知识最能带给学生益处的地方。”
K) 佐治亚大南方大学一名 20 岁的大三学生告诉 BuzzFeed
新闻,她一般在课程的访问上代码花费 500 美元至
600 美元.有一次,教授没有要求学生购买
教科书,只让买一个访问代码来提交作业。(36)她说这一年她在书本和程
序的访问代码上花费了
900
美元.“那可是两个月的房租啊,”她说道。“哪一个你不也不能转手卖掉。一本传统的教
科书你能卖到
30 美元至 50 美元,这些钱能帮你购买新学期的书。用访问代码的话,你就没有这个那个钱了。”
L)(41) 本杰明·沃尔弗顿是南卡罗来纳大学的一名 19 岁的学生,他告诉
BuzzFeed 新闻说,“这太可笑了,
我们已经付了好几万的学费,却还要支付所有这些访问代
码的费用来做作业。”他购买的很多代码仅被要求用来完成
作业或者测试。“这通常只占课程成绩的 1
0%,”他说。“你为一些对你的成绩几乎没有影响的东西花了太多的钱—
—但是如果你没有的话,它却
足以影响你的成绩。如果刚开始就得 B 或者 C
会很糟糕。”沃尔弗顿说他这个学期在数字
课本的和程序的访问代码上已经花了 500 美元。
M) (38)哈珀学的是家禽科学专业,今年要重修化学,她不得不买一个新的访问代码来提交家庭作
业。她租
的经济学课本和统计学课本各花了约 20
美元。但是,她用来交作业的访问代码既不能租,也不能买二手的,这才
是她最贵的开销:分别是
120 美元和 85 美元。
N)
她仍记得第一次因为价格太高而没有交作业所经历的那种刺痛。“我们其实没有一个漏交作业的规定,”
她说。“如果你没有交,那就错过了。我在几门课程的第一次作业中就得了零分。我努力拉回了分数。但是作为
一 个恐
慌地关注着自己成绩的新生,这并不好玩。”
详解详析:
36.A student’s yearly expenses on
[K] A
20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University
told BuzzFeed News
access codes may amount to
their rent
that she normally spends $$500-$$600
on access codes for class. In one case, the
for two months.
professor didn’t require
students to buy a textbook, just an access code to
turn in
译文:学生每年在访问代码上的花费可
homework. This
year she said she spent $$900 on access codes to
books and
programs. “That’s two months of
rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back.
能相当于他们两个月的房租。
定位:由题干中 rent 和 two months
定
With a traditional textbook you can sell it
for $$30-50$$ and that helps to pay for
your new
semester’s books. With an access code, you’re out
of that money.”
位到原文画线处。
详解:K)段第三、四句指出,佐治亚南方大学一名 20
岁的大三学生这一年在书本和程序的访问代码上花费了 900
美元。“那可是两个月的房租啊,”她
说道。由此可知,学生每年在访问代码上花费可能相当于两个月的房租。题
干是
对定位句的同义转述,故答案为 K)。
37. The online
access codes may be [D] “When we talk about the
access code we see it as the new face of the
textbook
seen as a way to tie the
students to the
monopoly( 垄断),a new way to
lock students around this system,” said Ethan
digital system.
Senack, the higher
education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest
Research
译文:线上访问代码可以被看作是一
Group,
to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $$250(for a print
textbook)you’re paying
$$120,”said Senack. “But
because it’s all digital it eliminates the used
book market
种将捆绑在数字系统上的方式。
定位:
由题干中的 a way to tie the
and eliminates any
sharing and because homework and tests are through
an access
students 定位到原文画线处。
code, it
eliminates any ability to opt out.”
详解:D)段第一句提
到,“说起这些访问代码,我们认为这是教科书垄断的新形式,是一种把学生锁在这个系统中
的新方式,
”美国公共利益研究集团高等教育倡导者伊桑·斯奈克对 BuzzFeed 新闻说道。题干中的 tie
the stydents to
the digital system 对应原文中的 lock
students around this system,故答案为 D)。
38. If a
student takes a course again, they may have to
[M] Harper, a poultry(家禽)science major, is
taking chemistry
buy a new access code to
submit their assignments.
again this year and
had to buy a new access code to hand in her
译文:如果学生重修一门课程,那么他们可能不得不
购买一个新的访问代码来提交作业。
定位: 由题干中的 takes a course again 和 buy a new
access code 定位到原文画线处。
homework. She
rented her economics and statistics textbooks
for about $$20 each. But her access codes for
homework, which
can’t be rented or bought
second-hand, were her most
expensive
purchases:$$120 and $$85.
详解:M)段第一句提到,哈珀学的是家禽科学专业,今年要重修化学,她不得不
买一个新的访问代码来提交家庭
作业。由此可知,学生重修一门课程需要重新购买一个新的访问代码来提
交作业。题干中的 submit their assignments 是
对原文中 hand
in her homework 的同义转述,故答案为 M)。
39. McGraw Hill
accounts for over one-fifth of [G]The access codes
may be another financial headache for students,
the market share of college textbooks.
but
for textbook businesses, they’re the future.
McGraw Hill, which
译文:麦格劳·希尔公司占大学教材市场份额的
controls 21% of the higher education market,
reported in March that
its digital content
sales exceeded print sales for the first time in
五分之一以上。
定位:由题干中的 McGraw Hill 和the market
share
2015. The company said that 45% of its
$$140 million revenue in
2015 “was derived from
digital products.”
详解:定位句提到,麦格劳·希尔公司掌握着
21%高等教育市场。由此可知,麦格劳·希尔公司占大学教材市场
份额的五分之一以上,题干中的
accounts for 对原文中的 controls;over one-fifth 是对原文中
21%的同义转述,故答
案为 G)。
40. Many traditional
textbook publishers are now [B]The codes—which
typically range in price from $$80 to $$155
offering online digital products, which they
believe will per course—give students online
access to systems developed
be the future of
the publishing business. by education companies
like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These
译文:很多传统教材出版商现在提供线上数字产品,
companies, which
long reaped big profits as textbook
publishers, have boasted that their new online
offerings, when
他们认为这些产品是出版行业的未来。
定位:由题干中的
textbook publishers、offering online
pushed to
students through universities they parther with,
represent the future of the industry.
详解:B
)第二句提到,这些公司作为教科书出版商长期以来收益颇丰,现在吹嘘他们新的在线服务代表着教育行
业的未来,同时将这些在线服务通过与他们合作的高校推广至学生。题干中的 online digital
products 对应原文中的
new online offerings;be the
future 是对原文中 represent the future 的同义转述,故答案为 B)。
41. One student complained that they
[L]
Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the
University of South
now had to pay for access
codes in addition
Carolina, told BuzzFeed News
that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of
to the high tuition.
thousands in tuition
we have to pay for all these access codes to do
our
译文:一名学生抱怨道,他们现在除了要
支付高额的学费外,还不得不支付访问代码<
br>的费用。
定位: 由题干中的 student 和 the high
tuition 定位到原文画线处。
homework.” Many of the
access codes he’s purchased have been required
simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often
it’s only 10% of your grade
in class,” he
said. “You’re paying so much money for something
that hardly
affects your grade—but if you
didn’t have it, it would affect your grade
enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or
C.” Wolverton said he spent
of college
textbooks 定位原文画线处。
digital products 和 future 定位到原文画线处。
$$500 on access codes for digital books and
programs this semester.
详解:L)段首句提到,本杰明·沃尔弗顿告诉 BuzzFeed
新闻说,“这太可笑了,我们已经付了好几万的学费,
却还要支付所有这些访问代码的费用来做作业。”题干中的 One student
指代Benjamin Wolverton;题干中的complained
和 the high
tuition 分别对应原文中的 it’s ridiculous that 和 tens of
thousands in tuition,题干是对定位句的同义转述,
故答案为 L)。
42. Digital materials can cost students less
than
[H] A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed
News that “digital
half the price of
traditional printed books
materials are less
expensive and a good investment” that offer new
according to a publisher. features, like audio
texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert
译文:据一个出版商称,学生在数字材料商花费
videos. Its digital
course materials save students up to 60% compared
to traditional printed textbooks, the company
added. McGraw Hill
不到传统印刷书本一半的价格。
定位:由题干中的
Digital materials 和 traditional
didn’t respond
to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin
told
the Financial Times in August that “in
higher education, the era of the
printed books
定位到原文画线处。
printed textbook is now over.”
详解:H)段第二句指出,相比传统的印刷教材,其数字课程材料能为学生节省
60%开销。由此推知,数字材料花
费不到传统印刷书本一半的价格。题干中的 cost
students less than half the price 对应原文中的 save
students up to 60%; a
publisher 指代
Pearson,题干是对定位句的推理判断,故答案为 H)。
43. One student
decided not to buy her access code [F] She decided
to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which
until she received the pay for her part-time
job. was typically $$150-$$200, to pay for the code.
She knew that her
译文:一名学生决定在收到她的兼职工资后再购买
chemistry grade may take a dive as a result.
“It’s a balancing act,”
she
said. “Can I really afford these access codes
now?” She didn’t
访问代码。
定位:由题干中的 the pay
for her part-time job 定位
hand in her first two
assignments for chemistry, which started her
out in the class with a failing grade.
到原文画线处。
详解:定位句提到,哈珀决定等待下次勤工助学的工资,一般是
150 美元至 200 美元,用这笔钱来支付这个代码。题
干中的 the pay for
her part-time job 对应原文中的 work-study
paycheck,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为 F)。
44. Online
systems may deprive [J] David Hunt, an associate
professor in sociology at Augusta University,
which
teachers of opportunities to make the
has rolled out digital textbooks across its math
and psychology departments, told
best use of
their expertise for their BuzzFeed News that he
understands the utility of using systems that
require access
students.
codes. But he
doesn’t require his students to buy access to a
learning program that
译文:线上系统可能会剥夺老师们
controls the class
assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive
as possible,”
充分利用专业知识为学生服务的机
said Hunt,
who uses free digital textbooks for his classes
but designs his own
curriculum. “The online
systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel
like I’m
会。
定位:由题干中的 Online systems
giving up control. The discussions are the
things where my expertise can benefit the
和
expertise 定位到原文画线处。
students most.”
详解:定位句
提到,亨特老师指出,“线上系统或许能让我的生活轻松很多,但是我觉得好像自己不再有控制权。 课上
讨
论才是我的专业知识最能带给学生益处的地方。”由此推断,线上系统可能会剥夺老师们充分利用专业
知识为学生服务的
机会。题干中的 deprive…of opportunities to
是对原文中 giving up control 的同义转述,故答案为 J)。
[C] But
critics say the digital access codes represent the
45. Digital access codes are criticized
because they are
profit-driven just like the
textbook business.
same profit-seeking ethos (
观 念 ) of the textbook
译文:数字访问代码受到批判是因为它们是以利益为导向
business, and
are even harder for students to opt out of.
While they could once buy second-hand
textbooks, or
的,正如教材生意一样。
定位: 由题干中的
criticized、profit-driven 和 the textbook
share
copies with friends, the digital systems are
essentially impossible to avoid.
business
定位到原文画线处。
详解:C)段首句提到,但批评家认为这些数字访问代码代表着和教科
书生意相同的寻利观念。由此可知,数字访
问代码受到批判是因为它们和教科书生意一样都寻求利益。题干中的 criticized 和
profit-driven 分别对应原文中的
critics 和 profit-
seeking,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为 C)。
Section C
全文翻译:
Passage One
丧失思考和记忆能力是
相当可怕的。我们知道随着年龄增长,患痴呆症的风险就会增大。(46)但是,如果你
有
时健忘,您很可能不需要担心。因为痴呆症的症状与年龄相关的记忆缺失的症状有明很明显的区别。
波士顿布列根妇女医院的科克·达夫勒医生说,五十岁以后,人们在快速记住姓名、地点和物品方面有困
难是 很
普遍的。
(47)
大脑像身体的其它部位一样衰老。某些部分会萎缩,尤其是大脑中那些对学习、记忆和计划十分重要的
区
域。脑细胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交流。而且随着血管变窄,血流也会减少。
例
如,忘记你最喜欢的电影中一个演员的名字并没有什么需要担心的。但是,如果你忘记了电影的情节或是甚
至不
记得看过这部电影,那才需要更加关注,达夫勒说。
(48)
他说,当你忘记整个经历,那就是“一面红色的信号旗,意味着可能存在更严重的问题。”忘记如何操
作一
个熟悉的物品,如微波炉,或者忘记如何开车到一个你以前拜访过有很多次的朋友家时,这也是大脑
出现问题 的征兆。
达夫勒说,但是即使到了那个时候,人们也不应该惊慌。有很多情况会造成
混乱和记忆缺失,包括一些健康问
题,
比如睡眠中的呼吸暂停、高血压或抑郁症以及服用抗抑郁的药物。
(49)
你不必自己弄明白这些事情。达夫勒建议人们去看医生,检查药物、健康问题和其他可能会影响记忆的
因
素。达夫勒说,应对记忆缺失最好的办法就是通过建立自己大脑的认知储备来努力预防。
(50)
他说:“读书、看电影、培养新的兴趣或活动都可以迫使一个人用新奇的方式思考。”换言之,让你的
大
脑忙碌和运转起来。同样,身体也要动起来,因为锻炼是著名的大脑助推器。
详解详析:
46. 答案:A
定位:由题干中的 memory slips
定位到首段第三、四句:But if you have memory slips, you
probably needn’t worry.
There are pretty clear
differences between signs of dementia and age-
related memory loss.
详解:事实细节题。文章首段第三、四句指出,如果你有
时健忘,你很可能不需要担心。因为痴呆症的症状与
年龄相关的记忆缺失的症状有很明显的区别。由此可
见,健忘并不一定就是痴呆症的症状,故答案为 A。
点睛:B)“它们只发生在一些特定的人群身上
”,第一段第二句虽然指出随着年龄增长,患痴呆症的风险会增 大,
但是并没有说哪一类人会患
痴呆症,故排除;C)“并不是所有的健忘都与年龄有关”,首段最后一句只提到跟 年龄相
关的
记忆缺失的症状与痴呆症的症状有很明显的区别,并未说明健忘与年龄的关系,故排除;D)“它们在五十岁的人
群中特别普遍”,文章第二段提到五十岁以后,人们在快速记住姓名、地点和物品方面有很困难是很普遍
的,并不是说
健忘在 50 岁人群中很普遍,故排除。
47. 答案:C
定位:由题干中的 as we become aged 定位到第三段:The brain
ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts
shrink,
especially areas in the brain that are
important to learning, memory and planning.
Changes in brain calls can affect
communication between different regions of the
brain….
详解:事实细节题。文章第三段指出,大脑像身体的其它部位一样衰老。某些部位会萎
缩,尤其是大脑中那些
对学习、记忆和计划十分重要的区域。脑细胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交
流。由此可见,大脑中不同区域 间的
交流会逐渐衰退,故答案为 C。
点睛:A)“
我们的互动技巧会退化”,根据第三段第三句可知,是大脑内部不同区域之间的交流在逐渐衰退,
而不
是人与人之间的互动交流在退化,故排除;B)“我们大脑中某些部位停止工作”,第三段第二句提到某些部位
会
萎缩,但萎缩并不意味着完全停止工作,不排除;D)“我们整个大脑开始萎缩”,第三段第二句提到
是某些部位 会萎
缩,并不是整个大脑,故排除。
48. 答案:A
定位:由题干中的 memory-related symptom 和 take
seriously 定位到第五段:When you forget entire
experiences, he
says, that’s “a red flag that
something more serious may be involved.”
Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a
microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to
the house of a friend you’ve visited many times
before can also be signs of
something going
wrong.
详解:事实细节题。文章第五段指出,当你忘记整个经历,那就是“一面红色的信号旗,
意味着可能存在更严
重的问题。”忘记如何操作一个熟悉的物品,如微波炉,或是忘记如何开车到一个
你以前拜访过很多次的朋友家时, 这也是
大脑出现问题的征兆。选项 A)中的 do
one’s daily routines 是对原文中 operate a familiar
object like a microwave oven 和
drive to the
house of a friend you’ve visited many times before
的概括,故答案为 A。
点睛:B)“无法回忆起人生经历中的细节”,文中明确提到当你忘记整个经
历时意味着可能存在更严重的问题, 而
不是细节,故排除;C)“无法记住电影的名称或演员的
名字”,第四段第一句提到忘记你最喜欢的电影中一个演员的
名字并没有什么需要担心的,所以这并不是
什么严重的事情,故排除;D)“偶尔弄混朋友的地址”,第五段第二句后
半部分提到,忘记如何开车到
一个你以前拜访过很多次的朋友家时,这也是大脑出现问题的征兆,而不是偶尔弄地址,
故排除。
49. 答案:C
定位:由题干中的 people do 和 signs of
serious memory loss show up 定位到第七段第一、二句:You don’t
have to
figure this out on your own. Daffner
suggests going to your doctor to check on
medications, health problems and other
issues
that could be affecting memory.
详解:事实细节题。第七段前两
句提到,你不必自己弄明白这些事情。达夫勒建议人们去看医生,检查药物、
健康问题和其它会影响记忆
的因素。由此可见,当出现严重的记忆缺失症状时,人们应该寻求专业人士的帮助,故 答
案为
C。
点睛:A)“检查大脑的认知储存”,第七段最后一句提到应对记忆缺失最好的办法就是通过建立
自己大脑的认
知储备来努力预防,这是提前预防,而不是在已经出现症状时应采取的措施,故排除;B)
“停止使用影响记忆的药 物”
文中并未提及,故排除;D)“锻炼身体以改善他们的健康状况”
,文章最后一段末句提到身体也要动起来,因
为锻炼
是著名的大脑助推器,但这也是预防的办法,并非已经出现症状时应采取的措施,故排除。
50. 答案:D
定位:由题干中的 Dr. Daffner’s advice for
combating memory loss 定位到最后一段:“Read books, go to
movies,
take on new hobbies or activities that
force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In
other words, keep your brain busy and
working.
And also get physically active, because exercise
is a known brain booster.
详解:推理判断题
。文章最后一段指出,读书、看电影、培养新的兴趣或活动都可以迫使一个人用新奇的方式
思考。换言之
,就是让大脑忙碌和运转起来。同样,身体也要动起来,因为锻炼是著名的大脑助推器。由此推断,
要应对记忆的缺失,人们需要在精神和身体两个方面保持积极状态,故答案为 D。
点睛:A
)“定期进行身体和精神方面的检查”,文中提到让大脑忙碌和运转起来,身体也要动起来,并非进行
身
体和精神方面的检查,故排除;B)“吃帮助促进大脑功能的药物”和
C)“投身于著名的记忆修复活动”文中并未
提及,故均排除。
Passage Two
全文翻译:
美国联邦调查局将一封查尔斯·达尔文在 1875
年写的信归还给了史密森学会档案馆,这封信已被偷了两次。
(51)
史密森学会档案馆的
负责人艾菲·卡普萨里斯说:“我们在二十世纪七十年代中期发现这封信丢失了。
联邦调查局告诉我们,
这封信丢了,并且很有可能是被一个实习生拿走了。据说,当有人请求借阅这封信做研究时, 才发
现这封信丢了。”但这个实习生归还了这封信。“这个实习生很有可能在没有人看管时又将这封信拿走了。”
数十年过去了。终于,联邦调查局收到线报说这封被偷的信件就在距离华盛顿特区很近的地方。(52)
他们的
艺术品犯罪小组找回了这封信,但是却不能提起诉讼,因为已经过了诉讼的时限。联邦调查局与档
案馆密切合作,
最终确定该信件为真迹,并且肯定为史密森学会所有。
(53)达尔
文写这封信是为了感谢美国的一位地质学家费迪纳得·万德韦尔·海登博士,感谢他给自己寄送的
一
个区域地质研究的复印件,该区域后来成为黄石公园。
虽然很长一段时间里,该信件没有受
到专业博物馆人员工的维护,但是其状况良好。卡普萨里斯说:“很幸运, 它
状况良好,我们仅
需做一些很小的努力就能展开它。这封信上有一些胶水,对信件有一些轻微的染色,但并不影响我们
使用
它。(54)将它修复后,我们会拍摄数码照片并将其上传至网上供大家所用。我们的目标之一就是把那些具有<
br>高度研究价值或人们感兴趣的东西上传至公共网络。
现在实习生、参观者或盗贼想要偷窃这样的
信件是很困难的。卡普萨里斯说:“自从二十世纪七十年代以来,
档
案管理流程已经发生了巨大的变化,我们现在将高价值的文件放在甚至连我都接触不到的保险柜里。”
详解详析:
51. 答案:B
定位: 由题干中的 Darwin’s
letter 和 in the 1970s 定位到第二段:“We realized in the
mid-1970s that it was
missing,”… “The intern
likely took the letter again once nobody was
watching it.”
详解:推理判断题。第二段首句指出,史密森学会档案馆的负责人艾菲·
卡普萨里斯说:“我们在二十世纪七
十年代中期发现这封信丢失了。”该段末句指出,“这个实习生很有
可能在没人看管时又将这封信拿走了。”由此 可见,
这封信被盗了不止一次,故答案为 B)。
点睛:A)“它被美国联邦调查局找回”,虽然文章第三段第三句指出美国联邦调查局的艺术品犯罪小组
找回了
这封信,但这是数十年以后的事情了,并不是发生在二十世纪七十年代的事情,故排除;C)“它
被放在档案馆以供 研
究”,文章第二段倒数第二句虽然提到有人请求借阅这封信做研究,但这并
不等同于它放在档案馆里就是为了做
研究,
故排除;D)“史密森学会档案馆购买”文中并未提及,故排除。
52. 答案:A
定位:由题干中的 FBI do after the recovery of the
letter 定位到第三段第三、四句:Their art crime team recovered
the
letter but were unable to press charges
because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI
worked closely with the Archives
to determine
that the letter was both authentic and definitely
Smithsonian’s property.
详解:事实细节题。文章第三段第三、四句指出,
艺术品犯罪小组找回了这封信,但是却不能提起诉讼,因为
已经过了诉讼的时限。联邦调查局与档案馆密
切合作最终确定该信件为真迹,故答案为 A)。
点睛:B)“他们将它放在一个特殊的保险柜中”,
文章最后一段最后一句提到自从二十世纪七十年代以来,档
案管理流程已经发生了巨大的变化,档案馆现
在将高价值的文件放在保险柜里,可见并不是联邦调查局处理这封信 件
的保管问题,故排除;C
)“他们立刻逮捕了嫌疑人”,文中并未提及嫌疑人后来的行踪,故排除;D)“他们提起 了诉
讼,但却是徒劳”,第三段第三句明确指出因为过了诉讼的时限所以不能提起诉讼,该项原文表述不符,故排
除。
53. 答案:D
定位:由题干中的 Darwin’s letter about
定位到第四段:The letter was written by Darwin to thank
an American
geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer
Hayden, for sending him copies of his research
into the geology of the region that
would
become Yellowstone National Park.
详解:事实细节题。第四段提到,达尔文写这封信是为了感谢美国的一位地质学家费迪纳得·万德韦尔·海登博士,感谢他给自己寄送一个区域地质研究的复印件。由此可见,这封信是一封感谢信。故答案为 D。 <
br>点睛:A)“黄石公园的演变”,第四段提到该区域之后才成为黄石公园,因此这封信的内容与黄石公园的
演变
无关,故排除;B)“他与美国一位地质学家的合作”,文中虽然提到了美国的一位地质学家,但没
有提及两人的合 作,
故排除;C)“一些支撑他的理论的地质资料”文中并未提及,故排除。
54. 答案:D
定位:由题干中的 Smithsonian Institution
Archives do with the letter 和 according to
Kapsalis 定位到第五段第四句:
After it is repaired, we
will take digital photos of it and that will be
available online. One of our goals is to get items
of high
research value or interest to the
public online.
详解:实施细节题。文章第五段第四句提到,将它修复后,档案馆会拍
摄数码照片并将其上传至网上为大家所
用。由此可见,档案馆修复文件后,会将这封信的电子版本上传至
网络,为大众所用。故答案为 D。
点睛:A)“只为了研究目的保存它”文中并未提及,故排除;B
)“将它变成一个让人们很感兴趣的物品”,第
五段最后一句提到档案馆的目标之一就是把那些具有高度
研究价值或人们很感兴趣的东西上传至网络,并不是将其 变
成人们很感兴趣的物品,故排除;C
)“将它作为永远的秘密”,定位句明确提到会拍摄数码照片并将其上传至网
上,
该项与原文意思不符,故排除。
55. 答案:B
定位:由题干中的 the
past half century 和 according to Kapsalis
定位到文章最后一段第二句:“Archiving
practices have changed
greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we
keep our high value documents in a safe that I
don’t even have access to.”
详解:实施细节题。最后一段第
二句提到,自从二十世纪七十年代以来,档案馆流程已经发生了巨大的变化,
故答案为 B。
点睛:A)“对稀有艺术品日益增长的兴趣”、C)“找回各种各样丢失的文件”和
D)“博物馆展品价值的提升”
文中均未提及,故排除。
Part Ⅳ
Translation
参考译文
In the past,
traveling by plane was unimaginable for most
Chinese people. Nowadays, with the development of
China’s
economy and the improvement of
people’s living standards, more and more Chinese
people, including many farmers and
migrant
workers, can travel by air. They can fly to all
major cities, and many other cities are also
planning to build airports.
Air services
continue to improve, and there are often cheap
flights. So in recent years, the number of people
choosing to
travel by air during holidays has
been increasing.
难点注释
1.
第一句中,有时态提示词“过去”,因此要用过去时;“乘飞机出行”可以译为 travel by
planeair 或 air travel;
“难以想象的”可以译为
unimaginable 或 unthinkable。
2.
第二句中,时态提示词是“如今”,因此要用一般现在时;“随着……”给出事实背景,可以译为
withas…;“越来
越多的中国人……都能乘飞机出行”作句子主干;“外出务工人员”可译为
migrant workers。
3.
翻译第三句时,注意逗号前后属于并列关系,可用
and 链接,也可以用 with 结构作补充说明,译为 with many ither
cities also planning to build
airports;“筹建机场”可译为 planning to buildconstruct
airports。
4.
第四句中,“航空服务”可译为 air
services;“廉价机票”可译为 cheap flights、cheapaffordable
air farestickets
或 hugely discounted airfares。
5.
翻译最后一句时,根据事态提示词“近年来”判断该句要用现在完成时;句子主干为“人
数在不断增加”,可以
译为 the number of people has been
increasingon the increase;“选择乘飞机外出旅游”可以译为 choosing
to travel by
airplane。
6.