不定代词的用法(3)
河南新科学院-酒店销售部工作总结
定代词的定义
常用不定代词有：
some（something，
somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone），
no
（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，ev
erybody，everyone），all，each，
both，much，many，（a）l
ittle，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，
neither等。 一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
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不定代词的用法
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
位置
不定代词+形容词
不定代词+to do
作主语
Both of
them are teachers．他们两人都是教师。
作宾语
I know
nothing about this person．我对这个人一无所知。
作表语
This book is too much for a
child．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。
作定语
There is a
little water in the glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。
作状语
I can't find my book anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。
修饰不定代词的词，一般情况下要后置.
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不定代词用法举例
一般不定代词用法例子
1．some 一些，某些，某个
不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语
等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：
some are
doctors，some are nurses．有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）
2．any一些，任何
不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、
宾语、定语等。
作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：
there isn’t any ink in my
pen．我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）
不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示任何的。例如：
you may come at
any time；i’ll be home the whole
day．你任何时候来都行，我
整天都将呆在家里 。
不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：
is he any better
today？他今天好一点了吗？
3．all 全体，所有（指三者以上）
不定代
词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数
名词和不可数名词。代
表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用
that。例如：
all were present at the meeting．全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）
4．both 全部，都
不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。
例如：
we invited both to come to our
farm．我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场?（作宾语）
5．none 无人或无
不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，
在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数
名词作主语
时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：
none of the problems is
are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作
主语， 代替可数名词）
6．either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。
不定代词 either
可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
either of them will agree to
this arrangent．他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排
的。（作主语）
7．neither 两者都不
不定代词 neither 是 either
的否定形式，可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
neither is
interesting．两个都没有趣。（作主语）
8．each 每个，各自的
不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句
中可以作主语、
宾语、定语和同位语。例如：
she gave the children two
apples each．她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children
的同位语。）
9．every 每个，每一的，一切的
不定代词every有全体的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。
复合不定代词使用例子
1. some, any, every, no都能和one, body,
thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合
不定代词。它们基本含义为：
指
人 somebody
someone 某人
anybody
、anyone ：任何人
everybody 、everyone：每人
nobody 、no one ：没人
指物 Something某物某事
anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西
2. 一般情况
下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句；any
构成的复合不定代词用
于否定句或疑问句；no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否
定句。如：
① I
have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。
② He
didn’t say anything at the meeting yesterday.
昨天在会上他没发言。
③ Everybody likes swimming.
每个人都喜欢游泳。
④ There is nothing wrong with your
ears.
你耳朵没毛病。
3.
something可用于提建议或请求的问句中，以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句
中。如：
Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗？
4. 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
5.
不定代词的定语要后置。如：
Is there anything important in
today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新
闻吗？
一般的，不定代词（包括复合不定代词）在句子中，通常用第三人称单数形式
6。复合不定代词的否定。
1、“not
every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：
Not
everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。
The
teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。
2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：
He
listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。
=
He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
You
haven’t called anyoneanybody up, have you?
你没给谁打过电话，是吗？
= You have called no onenobody
up, have you?
1.不定式是英语动词的一种形式。它在许多情况下可省略它不同于
汉语动词，汉
语动词只有一种形式。如：我看书。她看书。但英语要说“看”必须根据主语的人称，动作
发生的时间等确定其形式。如：1）I read a book. 2）She reads a
book.1）句中的“read”
是一般现在时第一人称的动词定式。2）句中的“reads”是一般现在时第三人称单数的
动词定式。
I want to read a wants to read a
book.
我想要看书。她想要看书。其中的“看”不易确定其形式。因为动作还未发生，因此称
不定式。通俗的说，就是“不一定是什么形式”
2.不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形
容词的代词，英语中不定代词有：some
（something，somebody，someone
），any（anything，anybody，anyone），
no（nothing，
nobody，no one）， every（everything，ev
erybody，everyone），all，each，both，much，
many，（a）l
ittle，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，
neither等。
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用
aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't
I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I
wish to have a word with you, may I?
3)
陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom,
hardly, rarely, little
等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he she?
Some
plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4)
含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't
oughtn't
+主语。
He ought to know what to
do, oughtn't he? shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have
to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't
+
主语）。
We have to get there at eight
tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to
时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to
take pictures there, didn't he? usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it,
wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v.
疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me,
wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must
的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor,
isn't he?
You must have studied English for
three years, haven't you? didn't you?
He
must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't
they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither„ nor, either„ or
连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实
际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you
nor I am engineer, are we?
13)
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,
疑问部
分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't
it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a.
并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had
been to Beijing for several times, he should have
been in China
now, shouldn't he?
b.
带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not
the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said
he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.
上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose,
imagine等引导的定语从
句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I
don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe
she can do it better, can't she?
15)
陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no
one等，疑
问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
This is our
new headmaster, isn’t it?
Those are
Japanese, aren’t they?
One should be ready
to help others, shouldn’t one?
One can’t be
too careful, can you?
Each of the students
has a dictionary, hasn’t he?
Each of the
students passed the examination, didn’t they?
None of his money is left, is it?
None of
his friends are interested, are they?
None
of his friends has come, has he?
Something
will have to be done about the price, won’t it?
Everybody is kind to you, aren’t they?
No one left here yesterday, did they?
Someone turned that radio down, don’t they?
Neither side could win, could they?
Everything that he says is false, isn’t it?
I am older than you, aren’t I ain’t I?
I am
working now, ain’t I am I not?
I wish to
see the movie now, may I?
I wish I
were you, may I?
16)
带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare
not say so, dare you?
当dare, need
为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to
go home alone, does she?
17)
省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that
again, will you?
Go with me, will you won't
you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let
us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to
the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in
the reading-room, will you ?
18)
陈述部分是结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is
something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is
impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to
his classmates, is he?
20)
must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there
now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain
tomorrow, won't it?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom,
hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to（肯定的） shouldn't oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better +
v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must
根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither„nor,
either„or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that, 主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导
与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 复数they,单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need
为实义动词do +主语
省去主语的祈使句will you？
Let's
开头的祈使句Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）
否定前缀不能视为否定词
仍用否定形式
must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句[1]