英语反身代词的用法
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反身代词是指
myself, ourselves, yourself,
yourselves, himself, herself, itself,
thems
elves, oneself。
。
二、oneself与himself
当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：
One should not praise oneself [himself].
一个人不应该自吹自擂。
三、反身代词的句法功能：
1.
反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面，也可写在
句末。
反身代词用于强调时要重读。例:
The manager himself
served the customers. The manager served the
customers himself.
经理亲自为顾客服务。
The box
itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
herself is a
lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。
You had better ask the
driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。
Martin himself
attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。
Don’t trouble
to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。
You yourself
said so. You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。
Never leave to others what you ought to do
yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人
做。
2.
用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语) 反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反
身代词成为固
定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”可根据情况忽略不译：
a. 作动词宾语：
behave
oneself 有礼貌;规矩
He behaves himself well.他为人很好。
Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。
enjoy oneself 过得快活
We all enjoyed
ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。
express
oneself 表达自己的意思
Can you express yourself in
English? 你能用英语表达思想吗?
F. collect oneself
清醒过来,镇定下来
I accepted the offer before I was
able to collect myself. 我还没来得及考虑一下,
就接受了帮助。
b．作介词宾语
Take good care of yourself.
好好照顾你自己。
He has a right to decide for himself.
他有权为自己做出决定。
The child can dress himself.
这孩子能自己穿衣服了。
She finally gained control of
herself. 最后她控制住了自己。
She could not make herself
understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。
Everybody here
has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。
The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。
He had a couple of revolvers with which to
defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来
自卫。
反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时，有时也可起强调作用。例:
He has been
living by himself since his parents died.
他父母死后,他就一直一个人
生活。(by himself = alone)
This
matter is between ourselves．（Without anyone else
knowing）
The enemy will not perish of
himself．(of his own will)
She finished the job
by herself. 她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself = without help)
3. 用作表语
The poor boy was myself.
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
Mary hasn't quite been herself recently.
玛丽近来感到不适。
The ones who really want it are
ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
【说明】有时用于 be, feel,
seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：
I’m not quite
myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。(=I am not feeling so
well
as I usually do）
I’ll be myself again
in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。
4.
用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or,
nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构
(如as...as等)：
My brother and myself went there
yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
Jim’s sister and
himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。
He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。
For
my wife and me myself it was a most enjoyable
weekend. 对
于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。
在but, except, like, as
等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,
但后者的语气更强。例:
She is
about the same age as you yourself.
她的年龄和你(本人)差不
多。
有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定的介词。
例: G. busy
oneself with 忙于
He busied himself with
numerous tasks around the house. 他忙
于家里的许多事情。
H. avail oneself of 利用
We availed
ourselves of every chance to speak
English.我们利
用每个机会讲英语。 I. address oneself to
专心于(工作)
They address themselves to the
main difficulties.他们专心致志解
决主要困难。 J. devote
oneself to 致力于;献身于
We are determined to
devote ourselves to the cause of educa
tion.
我们决心为教育事业献身。 有些动词接反身代词后再接that从
句:
K. assure oneself that... 确信
Before
going to bed, she assure herself that the door was
locked. 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。 L. flatter oneself
that ... 自
以为
He flattered himself
that he would win the first prize. 她
自以为会获得第一名。
反义疑问句
反义疑问句(The Disjunctive
Question 或 Question tags)
即附加疑问句。它表示提问
人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分
是一个陈述句，
后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
主要形式：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 ；陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 。
主语
一般词语
附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。附加疑问句随从句。
不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是
（1）one时，后面的疑问句可用onehe.
（2）no
one时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they。
（3）everything, anything,
nothing, something时，附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they
（4）this, that,或those, these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they.
（5）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，
nobody等时，附加疑问句中
主语一般用they（口头语，非正式文体）he（正式文体）。
（6）不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it。
（7）there
be句型时，附加疑问句中一般用be情态动词助动词+there
否定意义的词
对反义疑问句的回答。
对反意疑问句的回答，
无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定
的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句
部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回
答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的
yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
例：—He likes playing
football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？
—Yes, he
does. No, he doesn’t. 是的。 不是。
—His sister
didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？
—Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。
是的，她没参加。
简要总结反意疑问句19条：
1)
陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your
sister，aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may
+主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few,
seldom, hardly, rarely,
little
等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made
no answer, did he she?
Some plants never
blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to
的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't oughtn't
+主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he?
shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to +
v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to
get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)
陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he?
usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v.
疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by
yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather
+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read
it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)
陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must
be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied
English for three years, haven't you? didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't
they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12)
陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or
连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际
逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor
I am engineer, are we?
13)
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,
疑问部分
主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a.
并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been
to Beijing for several times, he should have been
in China now,
shouldn't he?
b.
带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not
the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he
wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.
上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose,
imagine等引导的定语从句，
疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody,
nobody, no one等，疑问
部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does
he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does
he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need
(dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we
?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare,
need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare
to go home alone, does she?
17)
省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that
again, will you?
Go with me, will you won't
you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us
开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the
music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the
reading-room, will you ?
18)
陈述部分是结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something
wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will
not be any trouble, will there?
(19)当陈述部分含有否定意
思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派
生词，也就是
有un,dis-
前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词，当肯定句处理，疑问
部分用否定形式。如：
He looks unhappy,doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴，不是吗？
The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she?
这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？
(20)当陈述部分有less,
fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。
There will be less
pollution, won't there?
反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时,要注意以下三种情况
1.一般情况下,陈述句部分是主
从复合句时,反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中
的主语和动词保持一致.
例
This is the second time that he has been to
Japan,isn’t it?这是他第二次去
日本,是吗?
2.在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think
(believe,suppose,imagine,expect等) +
宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移.
例 I
don’t think you have heard of him before,have
you?我认为你以前没有听说过
他,是吗?
注当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称
,或主语是第一人称,而动词时态不是一般现
在时或一般过去时,这时,反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词
要与主句保持一致.
例 Mary thinks you will come to the
party,doesn’t she?玛丽认为你将来参加晚会,
是吗?
3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时,反意疑问句的主语用it.
例 That
he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents
very angry,didn’t it?
他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气,是吗?