初中英语There be句型用法总结
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初中英语There be句型用法总结
There be 句型用法总结
There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表
示“有”,其确切含义
是“存在”there
作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是
用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和
主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个
地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be +
名词+
地点(时间)这一句型。例如:
There is a great Italian deli
across the street.
穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。
There are some students in the dormitory.
在宿舍里有一些学生。
一、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;
当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。
There's a man
at the door.
门口有个人。
There is some apple
juice in the bottle.
瓶子里有些苹果汁。
There
are some strangers in the street.
大街上有一些陌生人。
2.如果There be
后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的
那个名词保持数的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the
shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和
两个瓶子。
There are two
bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和
一个烟灰缸。
二、There be 结构中的时态
be
句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no
harm in trying.
不妨一试。
There were
fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.
去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There will be a fine day
tomorrow.
明天将是一个晴天。
There have been
several private schools in our area this year.
今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
be
句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette
in that box.
那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
There must be
some cakes on the table.
桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
There used to be a hospital there before the
war.
战前,那里曾经有家医院。
be
句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、
appear to 、used
to、be likely to 、happen
to „.
There seem to be a few trees between
me and the green.
在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
There
is gong to be a meeting tonight.
今天晚上有个会议。
There is likely to be a storm.
可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be a bus nearby.
碰巧附近有辆公交车。
There appears to have been a
nasty accident.
似乎发生了一起严重事故。
be
结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如:
There came a scent
of lime-blossom.
飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a
time there lived a king in China.
从前中国有一个国王。
三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
be
句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之
后,如: There
isn’t a box in
the room.
房间里没有盒子。
There aren’t any pens on the
desk.
课桌上没有钢笔。
There hasn’t been any
rain for a week.
一周没下雨了。
There won’t be
a meeting today.
今天没有会议。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:
There is no water
in the bottle.
瓶子里没有水。
There are no
pictures on the wall.
墙上没有图画。
There will
be no one at home tomorrow morning.
明天上午不会有人在家。
There might be no money left。
或许没有剩下什么钱。
be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there
之前,回答时用
后接简单答语。如:
Is there a cake on the
table?
桌子上有块蛋糕吗?
Yes,there is.
No,there isn’t.
yes或no,
是,有。 不,没有。
Will there be a party tonight?
今晚有聚会吗?
Yes,there will. No, there won’t
是的,有。
不,没有。
Have there been any letters from your
mother lately?
近日你妈妈有信来吗?
Yes,there
have. No, there haven’t.
是,有的。 不,没有。
be
句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:
How
many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少学生?
How much money is there in
your pocket?
你口袋里有多少钱?
be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?
桌子上有只杯子,是吗?
There is some orange in the
glass, isn’t there?
杯子里有桔汁,是吗?
There are
a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?
邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?
There will be a new hospital
nearby, won’t there?
附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be
结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在
句中作主语、宾语和状语。
1. there being
结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式
主语,并且用for引导。
There being a bus stop near my house is a
great
advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。
It is
impossible for there to be any more.
不可能再有了。
2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:
expect,like, mean,
intend,
want,prefer,hate等。
I expect there to be no
argument about this.
我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。
I
should prefer there to be no discussion of my
private affairs.
我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
People
don’t want there to be another war.
人们不希望再有战争了。
另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用“there
to be”其它介词用
“there being”
The teacher was
waiting for there to be complete silence.
老师在等着大家都安静下来。
I never dreamed of
there being any good chance for me.
我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。
3. 作状语的there be
形式,通常用“there being”结构。
There being nothing
else to do ,we went home.
因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。
They closed the door ,there being no
customers.
因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。
五、There be
结构和have的区别与联系
1.区别点:there be
意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示
所有关系,
强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:
There are some
trees in front of the house.
房前有些树。
Tom
has many friends in China.
汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have
(has) 来表示。如:
中国有许多长河。
There are many
long rivers in China.
China has many long
rivers.
三月份有多少天?
How many days
are there in March?
How many days has March?
There be 句型专题
1. there be
句型常用来表示某地某时有某物某人
There is a computer in
the room. 房间里有一台电脑。
There are two TV plays
every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。
2. 各种句型结构
i.肯定句:
There+be (isare) +某物某人+地点时间。
There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。
ii.否定句: There+be(isare)+not+某物某人+地点时间。
这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not,同时,原句中如有some一
词,也应改为any. 例如:
There is a bird in the
tree.树上有一只鸟。
There isn't any bird in the
tree.树上没有鸟。
There are some children behind
the house.房后有些孩子。
There aren't any children
behind the house.房后没有小孩。
iii. 一般疑问句:
Be(IsAre)+there+某物某人+地点时间?
这是There十be句型的疑问句,其构成是将be动词提到There之前,句尾
用问号。
There are some birds in the picture.图画中有些鸟。
变成疑问句就是:Are there any birds in the
picture? 图画中有鸟吗?
对疑问句的应答,如果是肯定的,可以答:Yes,
there is 或there are.如果
是否定的,可以说: No, there
isn't.或there aren't.
iv. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+
be(isare)+there+其它?
在这个句型的一般疑问句之前,加上疑问词,变成特殊疑问句。例如,
How many
birds are there in the picture?图片中有多少只小鸟?
here are four birds in the picture.图中有4只鸟。
使用how many提问时,即可针对复数形式的名词提问,也可针对单数形式
的名词提问。
在应答中,可以按实际情况回答。例如:
How many boats are
there in the river?河里有多少只船?
There is only
one.仅有一只。
3. There be 句型常用时态形式
There
be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、
现在完成时和过去完成时。例如:
i. There is someone at
the door to see you. 门口有人找你。
ii. There will
be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。
iii.
---Have there been any letters from Jack lately?
近日有杰克的来
信吗?
---No, there hasn’t. 不,没有。
iv. There had been many such accidents before
you came.你来之前就有
过很多起这样的事故。
4. 主谓一致
There be后面所接的某物有多个时,谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名
词的单复数来确定,即就近原则。
e.g. There is a pen, a
pencil-box and some books on my desk.
我的桌子上有一支钢笔,一个铅笔盒和一些书。
There are some
books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.
我的桌子上有一些书,一支笔和一个铅笔盒。
There are two boys and
a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男
孩,一个老师。
5. 主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时,
动词用现在分词形式;是
被动关系时,动词用过去分词形式。如:
There
is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。
There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。
6.
反意疑问句。
反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如:
There is a radio on the table, isn't there?
桌子上有一台收音机,是
吧?
There are more than
fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你
们班有50多名学生,是吧?
7. there be 与have的替换
there be表示所属时可与have替换。
There
is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing
but a book in
my bag. 包里只有一本书。
8. there
be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
There is a lot of
work to do. 有许多工作要做。
注意:当该句型主语是something,
anything, nothing等不定代词时,后
面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。
There is
nothing to do. 没有事可做。
There is nothing to
be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。
9. 与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如:
There may be a rain this afternoon.
今天下午可能有雨。
There used to be a cinema here
before the war. 战争之前,这儿有一
家电影院。
10. there
be 句型的变体
there be结构中的be有时可用come (来),
develop (产生), exist (存在),
fall (落下), follow
(跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur
(发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand
(站着)等。这些动词可以有时态
变化,及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如:
i.
There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。
ii.
There remains one more test to be carried out
before putting the
instrument into operation.
在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。
iii. Not long after this,
there occurred a sudden revolution in public
taste. 此后不久,公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。
iv.
There stands at the center of the square the
Monument to the
People’s Heroes.
在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。
11. 习惯用语
There is
no good use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处用处;There is
not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如:
There is no good making friends with him.
和他交朋友没有什么好处。
He is very ill. Send him to
hospital. There's not a moment to lose.
他病得厉害,把他送到医院去,一刻也不能耽误。
12. 练习题
一、句型转换
1. There is a computer in my house.
(一般疑问句)
________ ________ a computer in
________ house?
2. There are some flowers on
the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句)
_________
________ _________ flowers on the teachers’ desk?
3. There are some apples on the tree.(否定式)
There ________ _________
________ apples on
the tree.
4. There aren’t any pears in the
box.(同义句) There are _________ pears
in the
box.
5. There are fifty students in my
class.(对划线部分提问)
________ __________ students
are there in your class?
6. These are
cars.(用buses改写成选择疑问句) Are these cars__________
__________ ?
7. Two boys are in
our house.(改为there be句型)
__________
__________ two boys in our house.
二、选择
1. The students expected there ________ more
reviewing classes before the
final exam.
A. be B. being
C. have been D. to
be
2. There _________ no fresh drinking water
and no good farm land, it was
not a
comfortable place in which to live.
A. be
B. was
C. were D. being
3. Where
_________ dirt, there are flies.
A. there
has B. is
C. there is D. has there
4. There _________ an English teacher and 40
students in the classroom.
A. is B. are
C. have D. being