过去完成时态的用法及专项练习
早稻田大学官网-生活部工作总结
1.
过去完成时
(1) 构成：由助动词had +
过去分词 构成
否定式：had not + 过去分词
缩写形式：hadn’t
(2) 用法
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
(3)
它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before
等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after
等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you
meal.
当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。
By the time he
got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了
它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去
”发
生的事情。过去完成时的构成很简单，即 had + 动词的过去分词。
一、过去完成时的主要用法
1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。比如说，
A事件发生在一个月前，
而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成
时。
例如：Most of the guest had left when he
arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离
开了。）
They had already had breakfast before they
arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在
后。）
2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。
例如：How many
English films had you seen by the end of last term
?
在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last
year明确
了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而 by the end of last
year说的是在last
year之前完成的动作，
因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。
I
had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this
morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已
经写完了我的作文。）
I went
over what I had written again and again so that I
wouldn't make any
mistakes.（我一遍又一
遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。）
3.过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如：
He had worked in the factory for five years
before he moved here . （
在他搬到这儿以前，他
已经在那家工厂工作了五年。）
I saw Li Ping
yesterday . We had not seen each other since I
left Beijing . （ 我昨天看见李平
了。自从我离开北京，我们就没见过面。）
When she got to the check-out, she realized
she had left her purse at home.
3、在told,
said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said
(that) she had never been to Paris.
（1）Tom was disappointed that most of the
guests ______ when he ______ at the party.
A.
left；had arrived B. left；arrived
C. had
left；had arrived D. had left；arrived
（2）We
______ four thousand new words by the end of last
year.
A. had learned B. have learned
C. learned D. will have learned
根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如：
1). The pen I
______ I ______ is on my desk，right under my
nose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。
在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。
A.
think；lost B. thought；had lost C. think；had
lost D. thought；have lost
2). Helen
______ her keys in the office so she had to wait
until her husband
______home.海伦把
钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。
A.
has left；comes B. left；had come C. had
left；came D. had left；would come
解析：正确答案为C。had to
wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等
丈夫回家”之前。
8、It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。例如：
They asked
me to have a drink with them. I said that it was
at least ten years since I ______ a
good
drink.他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少十年没有好好喝过了。
A. had
enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had
been enjoying
正确答案为A。
用在
…time that…”句型中
在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This
was the first time they had met in thirty-nine
years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we
had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。
二、下列情况一般不能用完成时
下列三种情况不用过去完成时：
1、句中如yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days
ago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓
语动词必须用一般过去时。
例如： Peter
didn`t play football yesterday . （ 彼得昨天没有踢足球。）
2、在叙述两件以上的事件时，如果事件之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一
般过
去时而不用过去完成时。
例如： They decided to stay here ,
and so they built their houses and made their
farms . （ 他
们决定呆在这儿，所以他们建了房子，开垦了农场。 ）
三、过去完成的否定句和疑问句
1、否定句 had not ...
例如：I
hadn't learnt Lesson 20 yet.
2、疑问句
Had....?
例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting
match before? Yes, I had. No, I hadn't.
四、 一般过去时和过去完成时
当before , after, as soon as
等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于这些连词本
身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因
此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did
morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。
The train
started to move just before we reached the
station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。
As soon as they got
there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了。
1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同
（1） 用在宾语从句中
在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但
两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子：
She said she was
a doctor. 她说她是位医生。（说话时仍为医生）
She said she
had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生。（说话时已不是）
She
said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过2
0年的医生。（主要强调说
话时已当过20年医生，此状态可能已经结束，也可能还没有）
但是，如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语，则常用一般过去时。例如：
He said
he was born in 1986. 他说他是 1986年出生的。
（2）
用在含有after的主从复合句中
在含有after的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用过去完成时，主句中使用一般过去
时。例如：
After he had done his homework, he went
out to play football.
因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系，因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过
去时。例如：
After he arrived in England, Marx worked
hard to improve his English.
（3）
用在含有before的主从复合句中
用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去
完成时。例如：
Lily had written some letters before she
went out shopping.
有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生
动。试比较：
We got to the station before the train
had left. 火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。
We had got
to the station before the train left.
火车开出之前，我们就已经到了车站。
像after一样， before本身就能明确
地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一
般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如：
Many people left for home before the film
ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。
（4）
用在含有when的主从复合句中
由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系，故先
发生的动作应用过去完成时，后
发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句，也可能
是从句。例如：
When all his money had been used
up, Peter had to turn to a friend for help.
当他的钱全
都用光时，彼得只好转而求助于一个朋友。
有时，主
句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确，两个动作紧接着发生，前一动作
导致后一动作，这时两者均用
一般过去时即可。例如：
When the meeting was over,
we left the hall. 散会后，我们就离开了大厅。
2.
叙述几个连续的动作用法不同
在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and，
but， so或then等连接并按时间发
生的先后顺序叙述时，只需用一般过去时。例如：
She entered the room, turned on the
light and found everything stolen.
I
lost my pen but soon found it.
She lost
her pen, so I lent her mine.
但是，如果两个先后发生
的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时，为明确动作发生的
先后顺序，先发生的动作就得用过去完成时。
例如：
The farmers were in high spirits
because they had got another good harvest.
农民们兴高
采烈，因为他们又获得了一次好收成。
一些表示心理活动的动词，如think， know， expect， mean， hope，
want，
suppose
等，用一般过去时可表示存在于过去而非现在的心理活动或事与愿违的情况。例如：
I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
而这些词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had
intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an
unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要
去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
We had meant to tell her the news but found
that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉
她的，但发现她不在家。
“ have has got
”形式上是一种完成时，但和have has 为同一意义，即 “有”。
例如：Have you
got a pen-friend?你有笔友吗？
Yes, I
have.是的，我有。
Has he got a lot of work to
do?他有许多工作要做吗？
No, he hasn’t.不，他没有。
过去完成时练习题
(
)(1)The police found that the house _______and a
lot of things_________.
A. has broken into,
has been stolen B. had broken into, had been
stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D.
had been broken into, stolen
( )(2)By the end
of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern
country.
A. will build B. had built C.
have built D. will have built
( )(3)We
_________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished finish C. had finished D. had
been finished
( )(4)I _________to help
you but couldn’t get here in time.
A. want
B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting
( )(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her
sister___________.
A. left about two hours
before B. would leave about two hours before
C. has left about two hours ago D. had
left about two hours before
( ) (6)When I
reached home, my parents __________their supper.
having already had
had
D. had already had
( ) (7)It seems that the
old man _________something important.
lost
B. had lost C. lost D. would lose
(
) (8)She __________in this school ________the past
ten years.
teaching, since B. had
been teaching, since
teach, for D.
has been teaching, for
( ) (9)Did you see
Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I
arrived.
A. she’d left B. she's left C.
She was left D. she must leave
( )(10)The
job proved to be much more difficult than I______.
A. expect ed C. would expect
expected
( ) (11)We couldn’t catch up with
the others because they _____too long before us.
d starting started started
( ) (12)She felt anxious about her son as she
________for quite a long time.
't heard him
B. hadn’t heard him
‘t heard from him
D. hadn’t heard from him
( ) (13)By the time
the speaker entered the hall, all the
listeners_______.
A. had seated B. were
seated C. seated D. were seating
( )
(14)By the end of next July this
building__________.
A. will be finished
B. will have finished
C. will have been
finished D. had been finished
( )
(15)By the time the war ____, most of the people
had left.
began B. was broken out
out D. had been broken out
(
) (16)If she ______harder, she would have
succeeded.
A. had worked B. have worked
C. should work D. worked
( ) (17)I wish
______I you yesterday.
A. seen B. did
see C. had seen D. were to see
(
)(18)He is talking so much about America as if he
_______ there.
A. had been been C.
was D. been
( ) (19)That dinner was
the most expensive meal we___.
A. would have
B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had
( )(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary
______for almost an hour.
A. had gone B.
had set of C. had left D. had been away
答案 (1)—(5)D D C B D (6)—(10)D
A D A D
(11)—(15)D D B C C
(16)—(20)A C A D D。