初中英语宾语从句的用法
中秋放假时间-校园环保标语
.
教学目标:
1.掌握宾语从句的语序。
2.掌握引导宾语从句的各
种连词。
3.掌握宾语从句中,主句与
从句在时态上的相互呼
应。
教学重点、难点:
宾语从句的语序。引导
宾语从句的各种连词。宾
语从句中,主句与从句在
时态上的相互呼应。
教学过程:
.
.
一、宾语从句的定义:
宾语从句就是作(及物动
词、介词或某些形容词)<
br>宾语的部分是由句子来充
当。因此把这样的句子(含
有从句)叫做复句。引导
宾
语从句的引导词分为三
类,即:
表示陈述语气用that ,
表示一般疑问语气含有
“是否,能否”的意思
whether
和if引导.表示
特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问
词引导.宾语从句可做动
.
.
词宾语,介词宾语,及某些
形容词的宾语. 例如:
1. He wrote
me a letter,
saying that he would pay
a
visit to China next
week. (动宾)
2、I wonder
if you could
spare me a few minutes.
(动宾)
3、The teacher is quite
satisfied with
what you
have done.(介宾)
.
.
4、Mother was very
pleased that her
daughter had passed the
exams. (形宾)
二、过好“三关”学习宾语
从句:
(一)过引导词关
1、连词that(在口语中
that常可省略),if,
whether,如:
He knows that Jim will
work hard.
.
.
连接代词who, whom,
which等,如:
Do you
know who
(whom) they are waiting
for?
连接副词when, where,
how, why等,如:
Could
you tell me how
we can get to the
station?
2、由that引导的宾语从
句,如:
.
.
I don’t know (that )Tom
was late again
I am afraid (that) it
would rain soon
注意1:引导宾语从句的
that 常可以省略,但下列
情况下不能省略。
(1)and连接两个或两个
以上的宾语从句,除第一
个从句中的that以外,后
面从句中的that不能省
略。
.
.
如:Everybody could see
what happened and
that
Tom was frightened.
(2)that引导的宾语从句
作介词宾语时,that不能
省略。如:
I know nothing about
him except that he is
from the south.
(3)主句谓语动词与that
从句之间有插入语,that
不可省略。
.
.
如:We decided,
considering his age, that
we would not let him do
the job.
注意2:若有补语,则宾语
从句要放到补语之后,在
宾补前用形式宾语it.
如:He doesn’t want it to
be known that he
is
going away.
I consider it necessary
that he should do it
again.
.
.
注意3: 否定转移. 在
think, believe, suppose,
expect 等动词后的宾语
从句,从句中的否定往往
在主句中体现。如:
I don’t think you are
right.
I don’t
believe that they
have finished their
work.
I don’t think he cares,
does
he?
.
.
3、由whether 或if 引导
的宾语从句:
whether和if都有“是否”
的意思。如:
I don’t know
whether
if he will agree with me.
He
asked me whether
if I have finished my
homework.
注意1:在动词不定式之
前只能用whether
如: I can’t decide
whether to stay.
.
.
注意2:在whether …… or
not 的固定搭配中
如:I
want to know
whether it’s good news
or not
.
注意3:在介词后,只能
用whether
如:His father
is worried
about whether he lose
his work
.
注意4:条件状语从句不
能用whether引导,如:
.
.
Please inform him of the
news if he
comes back
before 10 o’clock.
4、由特殊疑问词(wh…)
引导(要注意用陈述语气)
如:He asked
me,“Where is Mr.
Wang?”
---He asked
me where
Mr. Wang was.
(二)、过语序关
做宾语从句的句子不管
原来是什么语序,在充当
.
.
宾语从句时都要用陈述语
序,即:“引导词+主语+谓
语+宾语+其他”。
如:1、Tom said. He is
reading a book.
→ Tom said that he was
reading a book.
2、He asks me. Are
they playing a game?
→ He asks me
ifwhether they are
playing a game.
.
.
3、Where is the
hospital? He told me.
→ He told me Where
the Hospital was.
注意:当who在从句中
做主语时,语序本身就是
“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就
不再变
了.
如:I want to know. Who
will come
tomorrow?
→I want to know who
will come
tomorrow.
(三)、过时态关
.
.
宾语从句的时态要受到
主句时态的限制,即要和
主句的时态保持一致(也有特殊情况),宾语从句
的时态往往被忽视,希望
能引起我们的注意。从下
面三个
方面去把握宾语从
句的时态。
1、当主句的时态是一般现
在时、一般将来时、祈使
句时,从句的时态可根据
句意的需要用任意一种时
态。
.
.
2、当主句的时态为一般过
去时宾语从句的时态要与
原句相对应的过去的时态<
br>(带“过去”两个字)。
3、当宾语从句叙述的是客
观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等,不管
主句是什么时态,从句一
律用一般现在时。
三、宾语从句的特殊语序
问题
在“Do you think
believesuppose----?等”
结构中,宾语从句如果是
.
.
由疑问词引导的,则要用
“疑问词+ do you
thinkbelievesuppose +
正常语序?”
如:What
has happened
to him? Do you think?
What
do you think has
happened to him?
四、否定转移问题
在think, believe等动
词后面的宾语从句,如果
从句的谓语动词表
示否定
意义,一般要将否定词not
移到主句的谓语动词上面
.
.
去,即通过否定主句的谓
语动词来否定从句的(意
义)谓语动词。此时变反
意疑问句时仍将宾语从句
视为否定,反意疑问部分
用肯定形式。如:
1、I
don’t think he will
come.
2、I don’t think
he will
come, will he?
3、I think he will
come,
won’t he?
五、宾语从句的简化
.
.
1、当主句的谓语动词是
hope, decide, wish,
agr
ee等,其后接宾语从
句,并且从句主语与主句
主语一致时,可以简化成
动词不定式结
构。
如:Wei Hua hopes that
she will be back
soon.
Wei Hua hopes to be
back soon.
2、当know, learn,
remember,
forget等动词
其后接宾语从句,并且从
句主语与主句主语一致
.
.
时,可以简化成“疑问词+
不定式”结构。
如:I don’t know
what I
should say. I don’t
know what to
say.
3、当tell, learn, show,
teach等动词其后接宾语<
br>从句,并且从句主语与主
句的间接宾语一致时,可
以简化成“疑问词+不定
式”
结构。
如:Could you tell me
how I can get
there? (句
子中的 me 和I指的是同
.
.
一个人)可以改写为:
Could you tell me how to
get there?
4、动词后的宾语从句,
也可以用不定式来简化,
但主语要发生变化。
如:It
seemed that the
boys were going to play
games.
The boys seemed to play
games.
复习小结:
.
.
1、变宾语从句的四个要
素:引导词、语序、时态
和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述
句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态的
一致性(即:当主
句是过去
式时,从句要用过去范畴
的某种时态,客观真理或
自然现象除外)
.