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salary predict
charity manner
mendrepair donate typical
respect source
欢迎，打招呼
measure form conversation
occur pretend opposite-adj.
insist prevent hand in
upset exist gesture
prove paradise management
be divided into be forbidden to factor
be divided by operate
monitor班长，监控
be responsible for directly
button按钮，钮扣
be in charge of display complain
cautious challenge
crop interview

positive-negative fair remind
unfair fit
强迫某人做某事
the attitude with punishment
wallet=purse钱包
be appreciated by severe
口袋
praise unify
捡起
return sth to sb chore regular
be supposed to suffer
give back to...还回给某人
junk staff suffer from stress
stuff take a break
snack零食
snake蛇 authority权威，当局
hut小屋 awful令人不愉快的

positive-negative
chore杂事
force sb to do=force asb into doing
be supposed to被认为
wallet=purse钱包 staff员工，全体职工
pocket口袋 stuff材料，东西
pick up
authority权威，当局
return sth to sb
awful令人不愉快的
give back to...还回给某人 remind提醒，使想起
junk垃圾 keep fit保持健康
snack零食 fit合适，益处
snake蛇 launch发射
hut小屋 punishment惩罚
fair公平 severe严重的，严厉的
unfair不公平 unify统一
the attitude with对...的态度 regular规律的
be appreciated by被某人欣赏感激 suffer遭受，忍受
praise赞扬 suffer from stress承受压力
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take a break休息一下
no longer=not...any longer

英语中六大从句用法总结

1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主 语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而
将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that... *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that... *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,wh en,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈
述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词 和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑
问词引导的宾语从句。except that(除了),but that(只是）, in that(因为),已构成固定搭配，其
他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well- written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从 句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定
词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征， 属性或状态。
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于 对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的
意义不同，也可用whet her,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有
fac t,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,sugges tion,order,problem,report,decision.有时
由于谓语较短，将同 位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.

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5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词， 也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行
词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系词
关系代词
that


which
who，whom，whose
在从句中的成分
主语宾语
主语宾语
主语宾语定语
修饰的先行词 可否省略
人、物
物
人
作宾语时可省略
作宾语时可省略
作宾语时可省略
关系副词 When ，where，why 时间状语，地点状
语，原因
时间、地点、 一般可省略
原因
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，紧接先行词之后，无逗号， 若省去，原句意思不完整。引导
定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,t hat等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose
有时也可指物，相当于of whic h；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制
性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导 定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、
定语等。
The girl __________ parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
The computers and cables ________ make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those _______ live alone or ________ are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
1) 当先行词是all,an ything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有
first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能 用关系代词that引导从
句。
That is all ________ I've heard from him.
He's the first person __________ I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略 ：从句中作__________的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介
词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those girls _____________we have to take care.
This is one of those girls___________we have to take care of.
3) 引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,wh y等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相
当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books _____________ there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through
the drawings.
No one knows the reason____________he was so angry that day.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作 用，与主句之间有
逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系 词不可
省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
“介词+whichwhom whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中
介词的选择取决于从句谓语 动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer__________he spent all his savings.
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It is written by a person ____________we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名
词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个 主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as
代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while, as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,
the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as ,since,now(that),seeing that,considering
that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用
may,might,can,could,would等情态动词 。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in
case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no
matter what(when,how...),wha tever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导
状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词 、
名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，
谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.


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练习
1. It is reported that two schools, both of ____are being built in my hometown, will open next
year.
A. that B. which C. them D. those
, ____ everyone can see, is an honest child. A. which B. that C. that D. as
was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, make all the others
upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
is reading the book ____he borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. whose B. where C. which D. as
5. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
you know the speed ____ the car is running?
A. at which B. which C. with which D. that
driving through the city, she showed me the building ____ she once worked as a lift
operator.
A. among which B. which C. in which D. that
is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a
friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
age ____ children can go to school is seven.
A. at which B. by which C. which D. whose
11. My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. without which B. with which C. for which D. in which
wolves hid themselves in the places _______ couldn’t be found.
A. which B. where C. in which D. in that
13.—How much do you have in your pocket?
—150 yuan, all of ____ came from my grandma.
A. which B. them C. it D. that
size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was well over 20,000.
A. as B. where C. which D. why
came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do
in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which
’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
ons are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,
appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. which B. on which C. that D. above which
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schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they
are being trained.
A. that B. for which C. which D. about which
20.—What do you think of teacher, Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _____ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have
resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
lazy boy is expecting a way ____ he can get through the exams without hard work.
A. which B. with which C. in which D. whom
reason ____ he was late for school was that he got up late.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to
Beijing．
A. why B. which C. when D. where
in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have
resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
26.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful
trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
1995, ______ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the
net work..
A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time
went to the West Lake yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors
from all over the world．
A. where B. which C. that D. when
time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in
China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
talked happily about the things and persons________ they remembered in the college.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that











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Ⅰ. 选择填空（20分）
1. Frank fell over at the beginning of the race, but he was ahead of the other runners in the end.
A. higher than B. longer than C. faster than D. more quickly than
2. —What a terrible rain we had last month!
—Yes, it caused floods and a large number of cars went wrong.
A. were washed away B. broke down C. disappeared D. stopped to work
3. The Shenzhen City consists of many districts, including Luohu, Futian, Nanshan and so on.
A. are full of B. are covered with C. is filled with D. is made up of
4. The children should be taken good care of because they are unaware of the danger around
them. A. don’t know about B. can’t deal with C. find out D. pay attention to
5. —Congratulations! You have won the first prize in the Robcup Competition!
—Thank you. It was not easy, but we made it at last.
A. deserved it B. succeeded C. caught it D. held it
6. — Mike, do you know ________ man with glasses next to Mr. White?
— He is my uncle Simon. He is ________ art teacher in our school.
A. the; B. the; an C. the D. a; an
7. — Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
— A lot about the FIFA. But we can’t watch the games ________ the exams are over.
A. something special; after B. special something; before
C. special anything; when D. anything special; until
8. — I think it would be better if we have more ________ in our school.
— I agree with you. It’s necessary ________ us to give advice to our headmaster about this.
A. man teachers; for B. men teachers; of C. men teachers; for D. man teachers; of
9. — Do you know the 10th China International Cultural Industry Fair (文博会) ________ last
month? — Yes. It attracted ________ people around the world.
A. held; millions B. held; million of C. is held; million of D. was held; millions of
10. — What a pity! Mum doesn’t let me ________ in the river on my own.
— She’s right. Children should learn to protect ________ from all kinds of dangers.
A. to swim; ourselves B. to swim; yourselves C. swim; themselves D. swimming; them
11. — Candy is the first in the exam again. I think she is ________ student in our class.
— So she is. And she always does her homework very ________.
A. the most hard-working; careful B. most hard-working; most carefully
C. more hard-working; more carefully D. the most hard- working; carefully
12. — Peter, let’s watch the new movie X-Men on TV, ________?
— I’d love to, but my parents don’t allow me to watch TV ________ on weekends.
A. shall we; except B. will you; besides C. shan’t we; except for D. won’t you; beside
13. — A Bite of China is ________ a popular TV program that everyone talks about it these days.
— Yes. It shows China’s many kinds of delicious foods and ________ colourful food culture.
A. too; it’s B. such; its C. so; it D. very; its
14. — Listen! Katherine is playing the violin in the music room.
— It ________ be Katherine. She ________ Shanghai for a violin contest.
A. can’t; has gone to B. mustn’t; has been to C. needn’t; has been in D. won’t; has left for
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15. — ________ did Becky keep on hiking in the 14th Shenzhen 100 Kilometres?
— For five hours. But she ________ at last because she was too tired.
A. How soon; put it up B. How long; gave it up C. How often; looked it up D. How far; gave up it
16. — ________ amazing city Shenzhen is! It is clean, beautiful and modern.
— That’s true. We can’t imagine that it ________ be a small fishing village!
A. How; was used to B. What; is used for C. What an; used to D. How an; uses to
17. — ________ angry, Mum. I promise I will never be late for school again.
— OK. You ________ use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning.
A. Be not; would like B. Not be; would rather C. Do be; ought to D. Don’t be; had better
18. — Dear classmates, there ________ a graduation ceremony next Tuesday afternoon.
— More importantly, Ma Huateng will give us a ________ speech at the ceremony.
A. is going to be; five-minute B. will be; five-minutes
C. is going to have; five minutes D. will have; five-minute
19. — Tom’s teacher called me just now. She told me that our dear son often ________ in class.
— He must stay up at night. We have to stop him ________ the computer games.
fell asleep; play B. felt sleepy; to play C. fell asleep; playing D. feels sleepy; plays
20. Which of the following sentences is WRONG?
A. Although the soldiers are very tired, they continue training.
B. Can you describe the boy who was looking for his mother?
C. A woman with two children are playing happily in the park.
D. Mary asked if you would go shopping with her this Sunday.

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