(完整版)初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题
金婚贺词-中国海洋大学录取分数线
初中英语动词不定式用法
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非
谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、
补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状
语等。动词不定式和它后面
的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首
的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的
主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较
长时。动词不定式作主语，
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复
合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：
1. I t is our duty to
try our best to deal with these problems.
head teacher said it was necessary to talk with
his mother.
to learn English well is
important.
see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：
best way is to join an English club.
first
thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask,
choose,
agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide,
learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend,
know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like love)。如：
1)We decided to talk to some students about
why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white
bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，
介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的
不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：
1)Could you please tell me where to park my
car?
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots
of different situations.
3.动词feel, find,
make,
think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——
动词不定式，句子结构是...feel
find make ... it+adj. n.+to do...。如：
I find
it difficult to remember everything.
4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin,
start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作<
br>或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，
特别是美国英语
，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：
1) Then I started to
watch Tv.
2) I am beginning to understand my
parents.
begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。
3)
I like to eat vegetables.
感知动词like, love,
know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember
等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经
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发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop
doing停止做、
不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try
doing试试看；go on to do
接着做另外的事，go on
doing继续做原来的事。如：
1)When I left home, I forgot
to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last
year.
四、用作定语
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所
修饰的名词、代词
等存在逻辑的动宾关系.
1)I have so many
clothes to wash today.
2)I can’t think of any
good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to
live in.
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time,
way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出
动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time
to do homework.
2) He wants to know the best
way to travel around the city.
3.在“there
be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：
1)There’s just so
much to see and do here.
2)... but there are
still many things to do there.
五、用作宾语补足语
1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, ,
advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite,
encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell,
want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like
love)。如：
1)Id invite her to have dinner at my
house.
2 We should allow the children to
choose their own clothes.
2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不
带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词
是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at,
observe, see, watch，三“让”：
have, let,
make，二“听”：hear, listen
to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。
如：1)This picture
makes me feel excited！
2)We saw Liu Yu play
baseball last week.
后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。
1)
they can help you to learn English. 2)Using email
English helps you write
quickly.
六、用作状语
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
1)In order to
catch the early bus, she got up very early.
2)A group of young people got together to
discuss this question.
3)She came to this
city to visit her daughter.
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
1)
I feel very lucky to have him.
2) he ran out
of money to buy old bikes.
3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：
1) I’m too tired to do it well.
2)The
room is big enough for three people to live in.
七、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for of sb. to do
sth.”，for of引出不定式动作的逻
辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、
定语、状语等。不定式
复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，o
f
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前面的形容词是careful, clever,
foolish, good, kind, nice,
wise等，既说明人的特
性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous,
difficult, easy,
hard, heavy, important,
interesting,
necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，
前面如果是名词用for。如：
’s
a good idea for parents to allow children to study
in groups during the
evening. ’s wise of him
to do it well.
3)Is it interesting for the
baby to play with a pet dog?
八、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when,
where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，
或者单
独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：
1.用作句子的成分。
1)I
don’t know what to try next. (作宾语)
2)Where to
go is not decided yet.(作主语)
2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
1)What to do next?(=What will we you do next?
2)Why go there?(=Why do we you go there?
九、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not never to
do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not never
do...如：
decide not to talk to each other.
parents
tell him never to play soccer in the street.
单项选择：
（ ）1. The teacher told them
________ make so much noise.
A. don’t
B. not C. will not D. not to
（ ）2. My
mother often tells me _______so many mistakes.
A. not to make B. to not make C. don’t
make D. not make
（ ）3. Tell him _______ the
window.
A. to shut (关)not B. not to
shut C. to not shut D. not shut
（ ）4. The
boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but
his mother told him
______. A. not to B.
not to do C. not do it D. do not to
（
）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter ________
after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to
never drive C. never driving D. never drive
（ ） 6. The doctor asked the patient ____rich
food after the operation(手术).
A. to
eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not
eating
（ ）7. The workers want us ________
together with them.
A. work B.
working C. to work D. worked
（ ）8. I saw
him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. went going D. goes
（ ）9. He often
makes his little sister _____,
A.
cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry
（ ）10
There’re so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I
can’t make up my
mind _____ to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
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（ ）11. He can’t decide ______ to stay
or not.
A. whether B. if C.
either D. if he will
（ ）12. --- The light
in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot
_______.
A. turning it off B. turn it
off C. to turn it off D. turned it off
（
）13. We agreed _________ here.
A. met
B. meeting C. to meet D. meet
（ ）14.
Frank is the kind of person who people like to
________.
A. make friend with B. make
friends of C. make friends D. make friends with
（ ）15. Go on ________ the other exercise
after you finishthis one.
A. to
do B. doing D. did
（ ）16. She reached
the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big
rock
A. rested B. resting C.
to rest D. rest
（ ）17. Tom kept quiet
about the accident because he was afraid of____
his
job. A. lose B. to lose C. losing
D. lost
（ ）18. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over B. to think
over C. of thinking
（ ）19. He was too
excited _________.
A. speak B. to
speak C. not to speak D. speaking
（ ）
20. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating
（ ）21. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a
change ?
A. to try going B. trying to
go C. to try and go D. try going
（ ）22. I
asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we
could go over all
the problems.
A.
spend B. spare C. save D. share
（
）23. They won’t let his mother _______him in that
way.
A. to treat B. treated C.
treat D. treats
（ ）24. I’m sorry I
forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one
from Li
Ming. A. to take B. taking C.
to bring D. bringing
（ ） 25. She couldn’t
decide which restaurant _______.
A. to
have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at
（ ） 26. Don’t forget _________ the letter .
A. to send B. send C. sending
D. sent
（ ）27. The chair looks very old, I
want a new one _________ .
A. sit
sit on C. sat on
（ ）28. Is ______
necessary to return the book tomorrow ?
A. this B. that C. it D.
which
（ ）29. I’m afraid they would not
allow（允许） him ________ here .
A. to
smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
（ ）30. Mother told me ________ the water
before I drank it .
A. boiling B.
boiled C. boil D. to boil
（ ）31.
On my way home , I stopped _______ some food .
A. buy B. to buy C. buying
D. bought
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