There_be_句型的几种特殊结构及其用法
赵欣喻-山东大学本科招生网
There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法
There
be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊
结构的
复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型
结构的试题。
例如：
Ann never dreams of _________ for her
to be sent abroad very soon．
A）there to be a
chance
B）there being a chance
C）there be
a chance
D）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。
动词
dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing
分词结
构作宾语，there being a
chance意为有一个机会；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，
所以不是答案选项，而D）项
being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能
雪
又如：
No one had told Smith about ____ a
lecture the following day．
A）there beB）there
would be C）there wasD）there being
该题的答案为D）。介词
about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a
lecture）意
为有（一个讲座），而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪再如：
It is fairly common in Africa for there to be
an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by
others
who join in by clapping，singing，or
somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．
该句子中出现了for there to be
的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟
V-ing
分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只
能够用 for
there to be，而不能用 there
being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there
be
句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be
句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总
结如下，供读者参考。
一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。
例如：
There must
be something wrong here．
There might still be
some vacant seats in the rear．
There ought to
be something with which to fill your stocking．
二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to
be，happen to be，seem（to be），
occur等代
替，用来描写事物。例如：
There are likely to be
more difficulties than they have been prepared
for．
There happened to be nobody in the room．
There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our
beating that team ．
There seems no doubt that
the general character of the landscape，the
relative length of day and
night，and the
climate must all play a big part in determining
what kind of people we are．
There have
occurred many great changes since we met last．
1
三、there be
句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如
live，stand，exist，remain等，
用来表示静止、存在、有。例如：
There lives a family of five in the village．
There remains nothing more to be done．
There stands the Monument to the People’s
Heroes at the center of the Tiananmen Square．
There exist different opinions on this
question．
四、there be
句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring
up，appear，emerge，
arrive，enter，follow,
等，用来表示突然出现。例如：
There appears to be no
substitute for this stuff yet．
There came a
company of actors and actresses．
There
followed a spirited discussion after class．
五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成（for）there to be
＋宾格词结构，表示有或存在
（某种情况），在（for）there to be
＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构
在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。
1．＋宾格词在句中作宾语。例如：
The students expected
there to be more reviewing classes before the
final exams．
＋宾格词结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词m ore review-
ing
classes作不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用
的形式，因为
这种不定式结构是从结构转化而来的。又如：
People don’t want there
to be another war．
Members like there to be
plenty of choice．
Perhaps transportation and
the means of communication have really made it
possible for there to be
an end to the big
cities．
It is fairly common in Africa for
there to be an ensemble of expert musicians
surrounded by others
who join in by
clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality
of musical sound．
to be
＋宾格词结构在句中作介词for的宾语，句中的宾格词an ensemble of
expert
musicians 作不定式结构的逻辑主语。
2．＋宾格词在句中作状语。例如：
It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost
tonight，so I can leave Jim ’s car out quite
safely．（
there to be ＋宾格词作结果状语）
特别应该注意的是，＋宾格词在句中作状语时必须用介词 for引出 there be
后面的宾格词。又如：
For there to be successful
communication， there must be attentiveness and
involvement in the
discussing itself by all
present．（＋宾格词作目的状语）
They planned for there
to be another meeting．（＋宾格词作目的状语）
3．＋宾格词在句中作主语。例如：
It’s a great pity for
there to be much trouble in the company． 特别应该注意的是，
there to be ＋宾格词在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出 there
be后面的宾格
词。又如：
2
It is
impossible for there to be any more apples．
For there to be so few people in the streets
was unusual．
六、there be句型中be用V
－ing分词，形成（of）there being
＋宾格词结构，表示有
或存在（某种情况），在（of）there be- ing
＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。
1．＋宾格词在句中作宾语。例如：
Have you ever thought of there being so many
work units for you to choose on the talent’s
meeting？（＋宾格词作宾语）
＋宾格词结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词so m any work u-
nits作分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如：
No one had told him
anything about there being a beautiful story about
the lake． John was relying
on there being
another opportunity．
2．＋宾格词在句中作状语。例如：
There being no cause for alarm ，she went back
to her bedroom．（＋宾格词作原因
状语）
being
＋宾格词结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词no
cause作being
V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如：
There
having been a strong suspicion against the ability
of the director，the department asked him
to
resign．（＋宾格词作原因状语）
There being nothing to be
done，they have to go back home．（＋宾格词作原因状
语）
There being no further business，the chairman
closed the meeting．（＋宾格词作原
因状语）
3．＋宾格词在句中作主 语。例如：
There being a bus stop
so near the house is a great advantage．
＋宾格词结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词a bus stop作分词
短语结构的逻辑主语。
七、there be 句型中 be 用 be ＋V-ed 分词，形成be
＋V-ed分词＋宾格词结构，表
示有或存在（某种情况），在＋V-ed
分词＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。
例如：
There was found a
lot of food in the kitchen cupboard．
There
are now published millions of books every year in
China．
There was shown at the exhibition an
electronic computer made in Shanghai．
八、＋主语名词的习惯用法。
1．V-ing分词在结构中作主语，表示不可能、无法。例如：
There is no
denying the fact that China is still a developing
country．
There is no joking about such
matters．
There is no telling what will happen
to him next．
3
2．there
is no point ＋V-ing分词，表示没有必要，无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如：
We are disappointed with the new officer
elected in our bridge club，but there is no point
worrying
about it．
3．there is no use
＋V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如：
There is no use
advising him to give up smoking．
4．there
is no good ＋V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处，没有益处。例如：
There is no good discussing the matter with
such a fool．
九、在由＋主语名词引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。 <
br>1．在由＋主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可
以用主动形式。
例如：
There is no time to lose ／to be lost．
There are still many things to take care of
／to be taken care of．
在口语中多用主动形式。但是
有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较：
There
is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now．）
There is nothing to be done now．（We can do
nothing now．）
There is nothing to see（nothing
worth seeing）．
There is nothing to be
seen（nothing there at all）．
2．在由＋主语名词引起的
句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当
于一个定语从句。例如：
There
were 200children studying（＝who were
studying）music，dancing，or dramatics．
Is there
anything planned（＝that has been planned）for
tonight？
4