讲文明树新风作文-代理人委托书

对于思想政治教育学科建设与发展研究综述的探析中英文
对照
For the analysis of Ideological and political education
discipline construction and development of literature in
English

经 过20多年的发展，思想政治教育学的基本框架和理论体系逐步走向完善，学科特点日趋
鲜明，学术研究 取得了丰硕成果。围绕思想政治教育学科建设与发展这一主题，学术界对思
想政治教育学的发展历程、学 科属性与学科定位、思想政治教育学建设中存在的问题、今后
的发展思路等问题进行了深入的探讨，为思 想政治教育学的进一步发展奠定了基础。
After 20 years of development, the ideological and political education of the basic framework and
theoretical system gradually improved, more distinct subject characteristics, academic research
has yielded fruitful results. Surrounding this subject construction of Ideological and political
education and development, discusses the existing development course, academic circles on the
ideological and political education disciplinary attribute and orientation, ideological and political
education in the problem, the future development of such problems, which lays a foundation for
further development of Ideological and political education.
[关键词]思想政治教育学；学科发展；学科定位；学科建设
[ keyword ] of Ideological and political education; discipline development; discipline; discipline
construction
一、思想政治教育学科的建立及发展现状
Establishment and development present situation, the subject of Ideological and Political
Education
对思想政治教育学的系统研究始于该学科 创建之时。关于思想政治教育学科的创立，学
术界观点普遍一致：为了落实中共中央批转的《国营企业职 工思想政治工作纲要(试行)》的
通知，教育部召开学科专业论证会，根据思想政治教育是完成一切政治 任务的中心环节这一
精神，确定学科名称为“思想政治教育学”，专业为“思想政治教育专业”，初步拟 定了专业
的课程设置，并决定从1984年开始招生。思想政治教育专业的设立，并纳入学科专业目录，
使学科建设有了基本的保证和依托，从此，思想政治教育学的学科建设走上了系统建设和规
范化 发展的阶段，[1](P24)同时这也标志着思想政治教育学作为一门学科正式形成。[2](P5)
The system research to the ideological and political education in the discipline was founded.
Founded on the subject of Ideological and political education, the academic viewpoint of general
agreement: in order to implement the CPC Central Committee issued the outline of the
ideological and political work in state-owned enterprises (for Trial Implementation ) notice,
discipline argument will be held according to the Ministry of education, ideological and political
education is the center link to complete all the political task of this one spirit, determine the
subject name specialized for the ideological and political
education
1984. The ideological and political education for the establishment, and incorporated into the
catalogue of specialty discipline, the discipline construction is the guarantee and the support, basic

http:p:
and discipline construction, ideological political education embarked on the system construction
and standardization development stage, [1] ( P24 ) at the same time, it also marks the ideological
and political education as a discipline is formed. [2] ( P5 )
思想政治教育学自创建以来，纵观学科发展及研究的 整体状况，有学者对此给予了形象
的概括：“思想政治教育学科从经验形态走向科学形态，从一家一本论 著走向百花齐放、争
奇斗妍的繁荣局面，从单一学科走向学科群，从没有项目资助走向获得不少国家级科 研资助
项目，取得了累累硕果。”[3]也有学者对当前思想政治教育学的整体发展状况作了较为详细< br>的描述：一是学科体系从创立到比较完善，一大批思想政治教育学研究专著已经问世，涉及
思想政 治教育学学科体系、范式、论纲等。二是研究方法多样化，从宏观论证到微观证明，
从规范研究到实证分 析，从人文科学的描述法、元理论分析、经济分析到自然科学的数学方
法、建模方法等都有运用。三是学 科分支日益明显，出现了思想政治教育管理学、思想政治
教育心理学、思想政治教育经济学、思想政治教 育社会学等分支。四是呈现多学科综合研究
态势，对思想政治教育学的研究已经借鉴了跨哲学、教育学、 政治学、伦理学、管理学、经
济学、中共党史学、社会学等人文社会科学的有关理论与方法，一些专家与 学者已开始在研
究中借鉴协同学、统计学、运筹学、系统工程和计算机科学等自然科学类和工程技术类学 科
的有关理论与方法。五是学术界与企业界联系进一步加强，学者们把学术下移到企业、市场、
经济运行中，为企业策划、参谋。此外，对思想政治教育传统的继承和国外思想政治教育的
借鉴也进一步 加强。[4]
Ideological and political education since its inception, the general situation of development and
Research on the subject, some scholars have given the image summary:
education experience from the form to the form of science, from a one of the trend, all flowers
bloom together. About prosperity situation, subject to from a single subject, from no project
funding to get a lot of national scientific research projects, and achieved rich fruits.
have made a detailed description of the current ideological and political education of the overall
development of the situation : one is the discipline system from the creation of more perfect, a
large number of Ideological and political education research monographs have been published,
relates to the ideological and political education discipline system, the paradigm, etc.. Two is the
diversification of research methods, from the macro to the micro, from the normative research to
empirical analysis, from the humanities description method, theoretical analysis, economic
analysis to the natural sciences mathematics methods, modeling methods are used. Three is the
branch of discipline is more and more obvious, the management of Ideological and political
education, ideological and political education of Ideological and political education psychology,
economics, social and political thinking education branch. Four is the present situation of
multidisciplinary research, research on the ideological and political education has been drawing on
theories and methods in philosophy, education, politics, ethics, management science, economics,
the history of the Chinese Communist Party, social science, humanities and Social Sciences, some
experts and scholars have begun to relevant theory and method of synergetics, statistics,
operations research, system engineering and computer science, natural science and engineering
technology disciplines reference in the study. Five is the academic and business circles linked to
further strengthen, scholars have put down to the enterprise market, academic, economic operation,
planning, staff for enterprises. In addition, the ideological and political education tradition and
ideological and political education in other countries reference to further strengthen. [4]
还有学者认 为思想政治教育学的发展主要表现为：一是科学研究论著的出版。这些论著
主要涉及思想政治教育学原理 、思想政治教育方法论、中国共产党思想政治教育史、马克思
http:p:

http:p:
主义思想政治教育经典著作研究、比较思想 政治教育学及“两课”教学的理论与方法等方面；
二是其他方面的建设，如一些研究会的成立、科研基地 的建设、刊物的创办等。[5](P233-237)
Some scholars think that the development of Ideological and political education mainly as follows:
first, scientific research papers published. These works mainly relates to the principle of
Ideological and political education, ideological and political education methodology, the
Communist Party of China history of Ideological and political education, Marx's ideological and
political education classics research, comparison of Ideological and political education and the
teaching of
some of the establishment, research base construction, publication founded etc.. [5] ( P233-237 )
任何一门学科都有自己的研究队伍。同样， 思想政治教育学的发展也离不开自己的研究
队伍，有学者认为这支队伍包括两个方面：一是高校以外的社 会研究力量，主要分为党政部
门系统、企业系统、军队系统三部分。党政系统主要是宣传部门，它既是思 想政治工作的领
导部门，又是理论研究的组织和指导部门；企业系统已成立“中国职工思想政治工作研究 会”，
其研究工作也相当活跃；军队系统相对独立，各大单位都设立有政治工作研究会或研究委员
会。二是高校系列，经过20多年的发展，思想政治教育学科基本上形成了一支以学科学术
带头人为核 心，老中青结合，具有较强实力的学科队伍。[6]有学者则重点强调了高校系统
学科队伍在思想政治教 育学发展中的重要地位，认为，“高校系统的思想政治教育的教学和
科研队伍是一支重要的力量，还成立 了全国高校思想政治教育研究会。全国高校从事思想政
治教育学教学和研究的专兼职教师达数千人，他们 是思想政治教育学科化建设的主要力量。”
[2](P5-6)
Any one discipline has its own research team. Similarly, the ideological and political education 's
development is inseparable from the research team of their own, some scholars believe that the
team includes two aspects: one is the power of social research universities outside, mainly divides
into three parts of government system, enterprise system, military system. The system is mainly
the Propaganda Department, it is the ideological and political work of the Department, and is a
theoretical study of the organization and guidance department; enterprise system has set up a
study of Ideological and political work of Chinese workers
the system is relatively independent, each big unit all have set up the ideological and political
work or study the committee. The two is the series, after 20 years of development, the subject of
Ideological and political education basically formed a team of academic leaders as the core, Lao
Zhongqing combination, the strength of a strong contingent of disciplines. [6] scholars have
focused on the system of discipline team in an important position, the development of Ideological
and political education thought,
team is an important force, but also set up the ideological and political education of colleges and
universities across the country will. The national colleges and universities engaged in teaching and
Research on science of Ideological and political education of part-time teachers, thousands of
people, they are the main force of the construction of the subject of Ideological and political
education.
二、思想政治教育学科发展的阶段划分
Two, development of Ideological and political education subject stage division
思想政治教育学自创建至今取得了丰硕成果，对于思想政治教育学科发展的历程，学术
界的主要观点有：
Since its creation has achieved fruitful results of Ideological and political education, for the
development of Ideological and political education subject course, main academic opinions are:
http:p:

http:p:
“两个阶段”说。有学者认为，思想政治教育学的形 成发展大体经历了两个阶段：第一
阶段（1978年至1984年）是全面探索阶段。在这一阶段，广大 思想政治教育工作者就如何
建立思想政治教育学科、实现思想政治教育科学化这一重大课题开展了有益的 探索，提出了
许多很好的意见和建议，为现代思想政治教育学科的创立奠定了思想基础。第二阶段（19 84
年至今）是系统建设阶段。这一阶段又可分为三个小的阶段：1984年至1989年为学科初创< br>时期，1990年至1994年为学科全面建设时期，1995年至今为寻求社会主义市场经济条件下学科建设新突破的时期。在这三个小阶段中，学科建设各有重点，互相衔接，推动思想政治
教育学不 断向高水平发展。[1](P22-24)也有学者同样认为思想政治教育学的发展历程分为两
个阶段， 但时间的划分有所不同：第一阶段（1978年到1986年）为思想政治教育学的形成
阶段，第二阶段 （1986年至今）为思想政治教育学的发展阶段。[2](P1-4)
Two stages said. Some scholars think, the formation and development of Ideological and
political education has experienced two stages: the first stage ( 1978 to 1984) is a comprehensive
exploration stage. At this stage, the majority of the workers of Ideological and political education
on how to build the subject of Ideological and political education, realize the scientific process of
Ideological and political education is a major issue to carry out the beneficial exploration, put
forward a lot of very good comments and suggestions, which laid the ideological foundation for
the creation of modern ideological and political education discipline. The second stage ( since
1984) is a system for the construction phase. This stage can be divided into three small stages:
from 1984 to 1989 for the discipline the start-up period, 1990 to 1994 for the discipline
construction period, so far in 1995 for the discipline construction of new breakthrough under the
condition of socialist market economy period. In the three stage, the key discipline construction,
mutual connection, promote the development of Ideological and political education to a higher
level. [1] ( P22-24 ) also some scholars also believe that the development course of Ideological
and political education is divided into two stages, but the time into different : the first stage ( 1978
to 1986) for the formation stage of Ideological and political education, the second stage ( since
1986) for the ideological and political education development stage. [2] ( P1-4 )
“三个阶段”说。有学者认为，思想政治教育学科建设大致经历了三个发展阶段：第一
阶段（1984年 至1988年）是抓重点带一般的阶段；第二阶段（1989年至1993年）是全面
开展学科建设，形 成思想政治教育学科群的阶段；第三阶段（1993年至今）是酝酿新进展、
寻求新突破的阶段，学科建 设进入协同攻关的艰难时期。[3]也有学者将思想政治教育学发
展划分为：第一阶段是学科主体确立阶 段。探索学科主体理论框架与学科基本理论，确立了
学科理论体系与专业主干课程。第二阶段是分支学科 发展阶段。主干课程从不同层面得到延
伸，形成了理论观念、教育方法、思想政治教育社会学等方面不同 类型的分支学科。第三阶
段是综合深入发展阶段。在“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”专业博士点建立 以后，思想
政治教育学的理论和方法，通过人才培养、培训和教育者自身学习、研究等途径，向理论教< br>育与各种不同类型的思想政治教育扩展、渗透，推进了思想政治教育学科的普及与深化。[4]
Three stages said. Some scholars think, subject construction of Ideological and political
education has experienced three development stages: the first stage ( 1984 to 1988) is to focus
with the general stage; the second stage ( 1989 to 1993) is to carry out a comprehensive discipline
construction, form the discipline of Ideological and political education group stage; the third stage
( since 1993) is brewing new progress, seek new breakthrough stage, subject construction enter a
difficult period of collaborative research. [3] also has a scholar to learn the development of
Ideological and Political Education: the first stage is the subject establishment stage. To explore
the basic theory of subject frame of theory and subject, established the theoretical system of the
http:p:

http:p:
discipline and professional courses. The second stage is a branch discipline development stage.
Main course extension obtained from different levels, form the theory of idea, method of
education, ideological and political education social science aspects of different types of branch.
The third stage is the comprehensive and in-depth development stage. In the
of Marx's theory of Ideological and political education to build, theory and method of
Ideological and political education, training, and education of their own learning, research,
training through the talent, to the theory of education and the various types of Ideological and
political education expansion, penetration, promote and deepen the ideological and political
education discipline the popularity of. [4]
“四个阶段”说。有学者将思想政治教育学的发展历程划分为四个阶段：第一阶段（1980< br>年至1984年）是萌芽阶段，理论界明确提出“思想政治工作是一门科学”的论断，并在报
刊和 学术会议上进行研究和讨论。第二阶段（1984年至1987年）是初创阶段，经过教育主
管部门和思 想政治教育工作者的不懈努力，为这一学科理论体系的建设奠定了基础。与此同
时，以这一学科建设为依 托的思想政治教育专业也得到迅速发展。第三阶段（1987年至1992
年）是曲折发展阶段，面对资 产阶级自由化思潮泛滥和国际共产主义运动陷入低谷的局面，
学科建设陷入低谷。第四阶段（1992年 至今）是加强改进、探索前进阶段，我国广大专职
和兼职的思想政治教育工作者，将个人研究与集体攻关 相结合，理论研究与实证研究相结合，
形成了丰富的理论成果和应用成果，从而有力地推动了思想政治教 育的科学化、现代化进程。
[7]
Four stages Some scholars divide the development course of Ideological and political
education into four stages: the first stage ( 1980 to 1984) is the embryonic stage, the theory put
forward clearly ideological and political work is a science of
research and discussion in the press and academic conference. The second stage ( 1984 to 1987) is
the initial stage, after the administrative department of education and the workers of Ideological
and political education of unremitting efforts, has laid the foundation for the construction of the
theoretical system of the discipline. At the same time, to the discipline construction based on the
ideological and political education has been developing rapidly. The third stage ( 1987 to 1992) is
a tortuous development stage, facing the spread of bourgeois liberalization and the international
communist movement in the doldrums situation, discipline construction slump. The fourth stage
( since 1992), exploring the way forward is to strengthen the improvement stage, the majority of
our full-time and part- time workers of the ideological and political education, personal study
combined with collective research, combination of theoretical research and empirical research, the
formation of a rich theory achievement and application results, which will effectively promote the
ideological and political education of science standardization, modernization. [7]
“五个阶段” 说。有学者将思想政治教育学的发展分为五个主要阶段，第一阶段（1984
年至1988年）是学科理 论体系初步确立和专业建设的初始阶段。第二阶段（1989年至1993
年）是巩固提高已有成果、全 面开展专业建设、形成学科群阶段。第三阶段（1993年至1996
年）是蕴涵新发展机会阶段。第四 阶段（1997年至2003年）是高速发展与不平衡状态相间
杂的阶段。第五阶段（2003年至今） 是新机遇与新挑战并存的理性发展阶段。[8]
is divided into five
main stages, the first stage ( 1984 to 1988) is the initial stage of the preliminary establishment of
the discipline theory system and professional construction. The second stage ( 1989 to 1993 ) is to
improve the existing achievements, to carry out a comprehensive professional construction,
forming the discipline group stage. The third stage ( 1993 to 1996 ) is the stage of new
http:p:

http:p:
development opportunity implication. The fourth stage ( 1997 to 2003) is the rapid development of
mixed with the non-equilibrium state stage. The fifth stage ( since 2003) is a new opportunities
and new challenges of the rational development stage. [8]
三、思想政治教育学的学科属性与学科定位
The property of the subject and the subject orientation of Ideological and political education, three
作为一门科学，思想政治教育学有何特有的学科属性？它与马克思主义理论学科中其他
二级学科的关系如 何？与人文社会科学领域其他相关学科的关系如何？这些都是思想政治
教育学发展中不容回避的问题，很 多学者从不同的角度对此给予了解答。
As a science, the ideological and political education have any special subject attribute? How to its
relationship with Marx's theory of subject in the other two subjects? How the relationship with
other disciplines of Humanities and Social Sciences? These are the unavoidable problems in
development of Ideological and political education, many scholars from different angles to give
the answer.
与其他学科相比，作为独立的学科体系，思想政 治教育学有自身的学科特点。有学者认
为思想政治教育学的特点主要表现为科学性与价值性的统一，理论 性与应用性的统一，综合
性与创造性的统一。[9](P45-47)有学者认为思想政治教育学体现了 党性和群众性的统一，理
论性和实践性的统一，真实性和科学性的统一，战斗性和策略性的统一。[10 ](P19-27)有学
者则认为，思想政治教育学体现了科学性和价值性的统一，理论性和应用性的统 一，综合性
和创新性的统一，客观现实性和前瞻性的统一。[11]还有学者将思想政治教育学的特点概 括
为时代性与科学性的统一，民族性与开放性的统一，理论性与实践性的统一，综合性与交叉
性 的统一。[12](P24-28)思想政治教育学作为一门综合性很强的学科，它有自身的学科特点，
但它不是孤立发展的，而是在马克思主义基本原理的指导下，辩证地借鉴与吸收其他学科中
合理、有益的 理论成果基础上不断发展壮大的。广大学者对思想政治教育学与教育学、政治
学、心理学、社会学、行为 科学等相关学科的联系与区别进行了大量的分析。关于思想政治
教育学与教育学的关系。有学者认为，“ 思想政治教育学是研究思想政治教育现象及其规律
的科学，当然应当遵循教育学的一般原理和规律，包括 应用现代教育技术手段。但教育学不
专门研究思想政治教育，它全面地研究德育、智育、体育等整个教育 。作为与教育学相关的
思想政治教育学则专门研究思想政治教育，不只研究学校的思想政治教育，还要研 究全社会、
全人类的思想政治教育。它所借鉴的只是教育学的一般原理和基本规律，以丰富和发展具有< br>自身特质的学科。因此，思想政治教育学不是教育学的分支，也不是教育学学科的重复，而
是一门 具有自身特定研究对象的相对独立的学科。”[13]
Compared with other disciplines, as an independent discipline system, the ideological and political
education has own discipline characteristic. Some scholars believe that the characteristics of
Ideological and political education mainly for the unity of science and value, theory and
application, integrated and creative. [9] ( P45-47 ) some scholars believe that the ideological and
political education embodies the unity of spirit and the masses, unity of the theory and practice of
the scientific truth, unity, unity and the strategy of fighting. [10] ( P19-27 ) has the scholar thinks,
the ideological and political education embodies the scientific nature and the value of unity, unity
of the theory and application of comprehensive, unity and innovation, unity of objective reality
and forward-looking. [11] scholars will generalize the characteristics of Ideological and political
education for the era of unity and science, unity of nationality and openness, of unity of theory and
practice, unified comprehensive and interdisciplinary. [12] ( P24-28 ) of Ideological and political
education as a comprehensive very strong discipline, its own discipline characteristic, but it is not
isolated, but in the basic principle of Marx under the guidance of Marxism, dialectical reference
http:p:

http:p:
and absorption of fruit development, on the basis of reasonable beneficial theory into other
subjects. Connection and difference between the majority of scholars on Ideological and political
education and education, political science, psychology, sociology, behavioral science and other
related disciplines, a lot of analysis. On the relationship between Ideological and political
education and pedagogy. Some scholars believe that, ideological and political education is
the ideological and political education of the phenomena and laws of science, of course should
follow the general principles and laws of education, including the application of modern education
technology method. But education does not specialize in Ideological and political education, it
studies on moral education, intellectual education, physical education and the whole education
comprehensively. Ideological and political education as the education related study is devoted to
the study of Ideological and political education, ideological and political education not only in
school, ideological and political education of the whole society, mankind. It uses only general
principle and basic rules of education, to enrich and develop the discipline has its own
characteristics. Therefore, the branch learn not the education of Ideological and political education,
education is not the subject of repetition, but a door has its own specific research object of the
relatively independent discipline.
关于思想政治教育学与教育学中德育的关 系。有学者认为，“思想政治教育学科与教育
学中的德育学科尽管有密切联系，甚至有某些对象和内容上 的重合，但是二者毕竟有着比较
明显的差别。一方面，思想政治教育学科尽管也带有教育学的特点，但更 多地是带有政治理
论学科的特点，而德育学科则更多地体现的是教育学自身的特点，运用的是教育学的理 论与
方法。另一方面，尽管思想政治教育学科也研究道德教育的规律，但它同时还研究政治教育、
法制教育、思想教育、心理教育等的规律，研究这些不同类型的教育活动的共同特征和共同
规律。思想 政治教育学科具有政治性、科学性、综合性和应用性的特点。”[14]
On the relationship between Ideological and political education and education in moral education.
Some scholars believe that,
the moral education in spite of close contact, even some of the objects and content on the
coincidence, but the two have obvious difference after all. On the one hand, the subject of
Ideological and political education though with a characteristic of pedagogy, but is more with the
characteristics of political theory course, and moral education is more embodies the characteristics
of education, using the theory and method of education. On the other hand, although the subject of
Ideological and political education also study the laws of moral education, but it also study the
political education, legal education, ideological education, psychological education law, common
characteristics of these different types of educational activities and the common law. The subject
of Ideological and political education is political, scientific, comprehensive and applied
characteristics.
关于思想政治教育学与政治学 的关系。有学者认为，“政治学是思想政治教育学确定任
务和内容的重要依据之一。政治学为思想政治教 育学提供确定的政治理论观点或政治意识形
态，而思想政治教育学研究把这种政治意识形态转变为个人意 识，形成个人政治信仰的机制
和规律。换句话说与政治学相比，思想政治教育学是一门实践性更强的科学 ，它的主要任务
之一是研究怎样把一般的政治理论转变为特殊的个人政治信仰，把理论形态的政治思想变 为
实践形态的公民的政治思想。”[13]
On the relationship between Ideological and political education and political science. Some
scholars think,
the task and content of. Politics provided for certain political theory and political ideology is the
http:p:

http:p:
ideological and political education, ideological and political education of the transformation of the
political ideology of individual consciousness, formation mechanism and regularity of personal
political beliefs. In other words, compared with politics, ideological and political education is a
practical stronger science, one of its main task is to study how the change of political theory for
special personal political beliefs, the ideological theory of political ideology into practice forms of
political.
关于思想政治教育学 与社会学的关系。有学者认为，“社会学和思想政治教育学都把人
的社会性这一观点作为自己的理论基础 ，社会学是研究整个社会，思想政治教育学则只注重
于研究政治社会中思想政治教育这一社会政治教育现 象；虽然社会学和思想政治教育学都研
究人，社会学是把人作为一个社会成员来研究的，人的文化社会化 过程或规律是社会学研究
的重点，思想政治教育学是把人作为一个政治人来研究的，人的政治社会化过程 或规律是思
想政治教育学研究的重点。社会学和思想政治教育学都注重人的价值观研究，所不同的是，< br>社会学注重于人的社会价值观研究，而思想政治教育学则注重人的政治价值观研究。”
[15]( P69-70)
On the relationship between Ideological and political education and sociology. Some scholars
think,
theoretical basis, sociology is the study of the whole society, ideological and political education is
paid much attention to the ideological and political education of the political society of the social
and political education phenomenon; although sociology and ideological and political education
all of people, regard people as a member of the society of sociology, the cultural socialization
process or rule is focused on sociology, ideological and political education is to regard people as a
political person to study, the political socialization process or rule is the focus of the study of
political thought education. Sociology and ideological and political education, pay attention to the
study of values, the difference is, sociological research is focused on the social values, and the
ideological and political education, pay attention to people's political value research. [15]
( P69-70 )
关于思想政治教育学与心理学的关系。有学者认为 ，“为了提高思想政治教育的有效性，
思想政治教育学必须研究人的思想形成、发展的一般规律，研究人 的心理活动规律，而心理
学正好为这种研究提供了有关的理论、知识和方法。思想政治教育学可以借鉴心 理学的有关
原理
On the relationship between psychology and ideological and political education. Some scholars
believe that,
rules, it must study the human form of Ideological and political education thought development,
psychological activity of human, provided the theories, knowledge and methods of psychology
just for this study. Ideological and political education can make use of relevant theories of
Psychology
http:p: