小学五年级英语下册语法.doc
青涩青春-思恋短信
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一、词语
1、名词
这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is 名词复数
如何加后缀： 各种不同情况
变化方法 例词
一般情况: 1)直接加-s
book-books bag-
bags cat-cats bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch
2)结尾
加-es
bus-buses box-boxes brush-
brushes
watch-watches peach—peaches
glass--glasses
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-es
family-families study--studies
4)以“f或fe”结尾 ,变f或fe为v，再加-es
knife-knives
不规则名词复数
man-men woman-women
policeman-policemen policewoman-police
women
mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-
fish Chinese-C
hinese
英语下册知识点总结
一、 重点短语讲解
with 和…一起玩,play with
sb.(某人)和…一起玩 ,play with
sth.(某物)玩某物
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eg. Lucy and Lily are playing
with their mother.
Lucy and Lily are playing
with their doll.
2.a lot of 很多 a lot of =lots
of+可数名词复数或不可数名词
eg. 同义句转换 There are a lot of
apples on the table.
=There are
apples on the table.
3. how often 多久一次 ,how
often 是一个特殊疑问词，就频率
提问。英语表示频率的词：一次：once 两次：twice
特殊 其
他次数： 基数词+times 构成 例如：8次 eight times
e.g. --How often do you go to the library?
I go to the library once a
week.(注：如就划线部分提问，应用特
殊疑问词how often)
many
多少,how manymuch 就数量提问.how many+可
数名词；how much
+不可数名词
e.g.-- How many boys are there in your
class?
There are 40 boys in my class.
How much water is there in the bottle? There
is a little water in
the bottle.
good
at擅长 at后可加名词或动词。如加动词，应用动名
词形式 即：v + ing e.g.I
am good at English.
interested in对….感兴趣
in后可加名词或动词。如加动词，
动词应用动名词形式 即：v + ing e.g. I am
interested in English .
the
violin拉小提琴,乐器前加定冠词the
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to music听音乐, 听…，用listen to
1)听音乐前 不加定冠词the;2)
听收音机前，要加定冠词
the :listen to the radio .
from 来自，come from=be from ,I come from China. =I
am
from China.
易错点：Where are you come
from? (错误) Where do you come
from? (正确)
10. play football 踢足球 {球类名词前不加冠词}
11．be
famous for因…闻名
12. have a look at 看一看have a
look at =look at
much 多少（钱）,how much 用来询问价格
14.a pair of 一双，一对；a pair of glasses, a pair
of trousers
15. try on 试穿 试穿鞋子 try on the
shoes=try the shoes on; 试
穿它,此处它是代词,只能放在 try
on之间try it on
a doctor看医生
常用表示“看”的单词有：watch; see; look; read
watch:用于看电视，比赛等； watch TV, watch football
match
see: 看见 强调结果，看到什么；看电影、看医生时用see a film;
see a doctor
17. take good care of好好照顾take
(good) care of=look after
18. have a fever发烧
have +表示症状的单词have a fever; have a toothache;
have a
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headache
have +病名 have measles (麻疹) have mumps (腮腺炎)
19. have to不得不
Eg: Her mother is ill, she
has to look after her mother, so she can’
t
come to the party.
重点：含有have to的句子变否定用don’t
doesn’t
e.g. She has to finish her
homework.变否定句为：She doesn’t
have to finish her
homework. (正确)
20. worried about 担心 She
worried about her exam.
with帮助…做某事help with
=help sb (to) do sth.
Eg: Peter helps her
mother with the housework .=Peter helps her
mother (to) do the housework.
二、 重点单词用法
1. call v称作What do you call in English?
2. Like v 喜欢
1) like sth. I like English
very much
2) like to do sth.I like reading
very much, but I don’t like to
read now.
3) like doing sth. 动词原形
3. let’s +动词原形
Let’s (=let us) make animals. let sb. do sth.
让某
人做某事
4. want想，想要
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1) want sth. I want a piece of paper.
2)
want to do sth. I want to watch TV.
5. 情态动词
情态动词很简单，没有人称数之变，动词原形后边站。
can 表能力；may许可；
should 应该； would 愿；must必须 ，
否定needn’t 换have
to不得不表客观
三、 重点语法
A) 一般现在时
1.
概念：一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2. 构成：有两种构成形式
（1） be 型 句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is,are)
a
肯定句中，只出现be :I am a student．我是一名学生。
b.否定句中，要在be
后面加not，如： She isn't teacher．她不
是教师。
c．一般疑问句中，要将be 放在句子开头（注意句首字母大写），
句尾用问号，答语用Yes，主语+be．或No，主语+be +not
如：Are
you ready？—你准备好了吗？ —Yes，I am．—是的，
我准备好了。No, I’m
not. 我没准备好。）
（2）实义动词型：句中的谓语动词为实义动词（也叫行为动词）：
a．肯定句中，只出现实义动词，如：I get up in the
morning．我
早晨起床。
b．否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do（does）＋not，do（does）
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作助动词，本身无意义，常与not 缩写成don't
（doesn't），
如：I don't like vegetables．我不喜欢蔬菜。
c．一般疑问句，要在句子开头加助动词Do（does），句尾用问
号，简略答语用Yes，
主语+do（does）．或No，主语+do（does）
＋not．如： —Do you
like oranges？—你喜欢桔子吗？ —Yes，
I do．—是的，我喜欢。
3一般现在时的用法
1)
经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频繁度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…,
sometimes,
Eg:I leave home for school at 7
every morning.
2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The
earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in
the east of China.
3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes
before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，
从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round .
3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English, but does not
speak well.
B)一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备
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做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow,
next day(week,
month, year…),soon, the day
after tomorrow（后天）等。
2.基本结构：①be going to+
do.②will+do
3.否定句：在be动词后面加not或在will后面加not 成
won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this
afternoon.否定句为：I am not
going to have a picnic
this afternoon.
4一般疑问句：be或will 提到句首，some改为any,
改为or，第
一二人称互换。 例如： We are going to go on an
outgoing this
weekend. Are you going to go on
an outgoing this weekend?
四、对划线部分提问。
一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况
1. 问人。Who
例如：I’m going to New York soon. Who’s going to
New York
soon?
2. 问干什么。What … do.
例如：
My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. What is your father going to do
with you this
afternoon?
3. 问什么时候。When.
例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. When is
she going to
bed?
四、 同义句：be going to= will
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Eg: I am going to go
swimming tomorrow（明天）. =I will go
swimming
tomorrow.
五、 be going to和will 的区别
be
going to和will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，但
它们的用法是有区别的。
going to主要用于：
(1)、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。
What are you
going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad
and I going to
see a Beijing opera this
afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京
剧。I am going to play
the violin.我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to
play the
piano.她打算弹钢琴。
(2)、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。
e.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is
going to rain .
I am afraid I am going to
have a cold.恐怕我要患重感冒。
主要用于以下几个方面：
(1)
表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。
e.g. They will go to visit
the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工
厂参观。 I’ll come
with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我和王
兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
(2)、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
e.g. Today is Saturday. Tomorrow is
Sunday.今天是星期六,明天
是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty
years old this time next year.
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明年这个时候他 就（将）三十岁。
(3)、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令.
e.g. Will you
please turn on the radio?请打开收音机好吗？
C)现在进行时构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕
形式:第一人称+ am+
v-ing;第二人称+are+ v-ing;第三人称+
+is+v-ing
现在进行时的基本用法：
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We
are waiting
for you.
b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正
在进行。
Mr.
Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写
作的状态。) She is learning piano
under Mr. Smith.
c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I am
leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）
We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）
d.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）
(1)表示知道或了解的动词:believe, doubt, forget, imagine,
know,
remember, realize, suppose, understand
(2)表示“看起来”“看上去
(3)表示喜爱或不喜爱hate, like,
lover, prefer
(4)表示构成或来源的动词 come, from,
contain, include
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(5)表示感官的动词 hear, see, smell ,sound ,taste
(6)表示拥有的动词belong to ,need, own, possess, want,
wish