小学五年级英语态讲解与练习
一碗粥-奖金制度
一般现在时
一般现在时的基本概念
一般现
在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
常见的标志词(时间状语)主要
有:every„, sometimes, at„, on Sundays, uauslly
often, never, always等。
一般现在时的结构
be
动词的一般现在时
主语 + Be动词 + 其他成分
I am a boy.
实义动词的一般现在时
主语 + 行为动词 + 其他成分
We study
English.
一般现在时的具体形式
be
动词的一般现在时
1. 第一人称单数I+am
I am a student.
2.
第二人称单数you和其他人称复数weyouthey+are
You are a lucky
girl.
We are students in this school.
3.
第三人称单数hesheit+is
She is my teacher.
例题:用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I from China.
2. It very hot today.
3. They
in the hospital.
4. We good students.
5. She a beautiful girl.
答案:
1.
am,主语是第一人称单数形式。
2. is,主语是第三人称单数形式。
3.
are,主语是第三人称复数形式。
4. are,主语是第一人称复数形式。
5.
is,主语是第三人称单数形式。
实义动词的一般现在时
1.
第一、二人称单数Iyou和其他人称复数weyouthey+动词原形
I get up at
8 o’clock.
They go to school everyday.
2.
第三人称单数hesheit+实义动词第三人称单数形式
It runs fast.
He studies hard.
例题:用说给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
We home every day.(go)
2. Trees
green in spring.(turn)
3. He very
hard.(study)
4. The boy up at seven
O'clock.(get)
5. The earth
round the sun.(move)
答案:
1.
go,句子主语we为第一人称复数形式。
2.
turn,trees为名词复数形式,动词用原形。
3. studies,主语he为第三人称单
数形式,动词需要加s,且study为特殊变化,
需要去y变i加es。
4.
gets,句子中主语the boy为第三人称单数形式,动词需要加s。
5.
moves,the
earth作为世界上独一无二的事物,在句子中做主语时需要当成第
三人称单数形式。
补充:主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语动词的变化规则:
状况
一般情况
变化规则
加-s
发音
清辅音后读【s】
浊辅音和元音后读
【】
例词
swim-swims;
help-
helps;
like- likes
以o结尾的词 加 -es 读【z】
读【iz】
go-goes;do-does
watches
study-studies
have-has
be-am, is, are
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es
不规则变化动词
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es 读【z】
变have 为
has
变be为am, is, are
一般现在时的句型变化
be
动词的一般现在时
肯定句He is a worker.
否定句主语 + be动词 + not + 其他He is not a
worker.
一般疑问句Be动词 + 主语 + 其-Is he a
worker? -Yes, he is. No, he is not.
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Where is he?
例题:写出下列句子中所缺的be动词,并用肯定及否定形式回答。
1. --
your father a teacher?--Yes, . No,
.
2. -- they in the room?--Yes,
. No, .
答案:
1. --Is your father
a teacher?--Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
2. --Are
they in the room?--Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
写出下列句子的否定句。
1. I am at home.
2.
Mr. Li is a professor.
答案:
1. I am
not at home.
2.
Mr. Li is not a
professor.
实义动词的一般现在时
肯定句I like
often plays.
否定句主语+don’tdoesn’t+动词原形I don’t
like bread. He doesn’t often play.
一般疑问句DoDoes+主语+动词原形–Do you like bread? –Yes,
I do. No, I
don’t.–Does he often play?–Yes,
he does. No, he doesn’t.
特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句What
do you like?Where does he often play?
例题:将下列句子改写为否定句。
1. I have lunch at school.
2. They play basketball on the
playground.
3. Mr. Zhang knows French.
答案:
1. I don’t have lunch at
school.主语为第一人称单数形式,直接在动词前加don’t。
2. They don’t
play basketball on the
playground.主语为第三人称复数形式,直接在
动词前加don’t。
3.
Mr. Zhang doesn’t know French.主语为第三人称单数形式,在肯定句中动词需
要加s,变为否定句后,在动词前加doesn’t,动词用原形。
注:特殊疑问句在疑问句部分进行练习。
一般现在时的基本用法
1.
表示人或物的特征
He is a doctor.
The dog is white
and black.
2. 表示习惯性或经常性的动作,常与always, often,
usauylly, seldom, everyday,
sometimes,
weekends,Mondays等表示时间与频率的词连用。
I leave home at
6 o’clock everyday.
Tom always play football
after school.
We usually go to school by bus
on Tuesdays.
3. 表示永恒不变的事实或真理
Beijing is
the capital of China.
The snow is white.
例题:用说给单词的适当形式填空。
1. He (have) blue
eyes.
2. We (go) to school everyday.
3. We (have) no classes on weekends.
4. She (write) a letter to her friend
once a week.
5. Tom (ride) a bike to
school.
6. Peter and Mary often (play)
badminton together.
7. Practice (make)
perfect.
答案:
1.
Has,主语第三人称单数,表示人物的的特征,用一般现在时。
2.
Go,表示习惯性的动作,主语为第一人称复数形式,动词用原形。
3.
Have,表示习惯性的动作,主语为第一人称复数形式,动词用原形。
4.
Writes,表示经常性的动作,主语为第三人称单数形式,动词需要加s。
5.
Rides,表示经常性的动作,主语为第三人称单数形式,动词需要加s。
6. Play,Pet
er和Mary两个人共同作主语,且句子中有一般现在时的时间词often,
动词用原形。
7. Makes,表示真理用一般现在时,熟能生巧作为人们认可的普遍真理,所以
本句的时
态为一般现在时,名词Practice作主语,作为第三人称单数形式,
动词加s。
一般将来时
一般将来时的基本概念
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或
状态。一般将来时由助
动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原
形构成。
一般将来时的结构
主语 + will shall + 动词原形 +
其他部分
We shall play this
afternoon.
He will have a lesson
after lunch.
一般将来时的具体形式
第一人称I we + shall +
动词原形
I shall be school in 10 minutes.
We
shall go to Beijing for our summer holiday.
其他人称单复数+will+动词原形
Tom will go swimming
tomorrow.
You will get well will come back
this afternoon.
例题:用说给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I
(go) to the USA tomorrow.
2. We (visit)
her new week.
3. The pilot (fly) to
China the month after the next.
4. It
(take) us a long time to learn English well.
5. He (be) there at seven tomorrow
morning.
答案:
1. will go shall
go,主语为第一人称单数,tomorrow作为将来时的标志词,所
以本题时态为一般将来时。
2. will visit shall visit,主语为第一人称复数, next
week作为一般将来时的时
间词,本题时态为一般将来时。
3. will
fly,主语the pilot为第三人称单数形式,但一般将来时不用区分人称,
并且the
month after the next译为下个月,所以时态为一般将来时。
4. will
take,本题没有明显的时间词,但通过句意可以看出学习英语将要用很长
的时间,所以时态为一般将
来时。
5. will be,通过tomorrow morning可以看出本题时态为一般将来
时,一般将来
时不区分人称,但will后应该用动词原形,所以答案为will be
一般将来时的句型变化
肯定句They will go to park this
Sunday.
否定句主语+will+not+动词原形They will not go to
park this Sunday.
一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形-Will they
go to park this Sunday?-Yes, they will.
No,
they will not.
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Where will they
go this Sunday?
例题:按要求改写句子。
Sam will move
into new house next year.
1.
.(改写为否定句)
2.
?(改写为一般疑问句)
3.
?(改写为特殊疑问句)
答案:
1. Sam will not move into
new house next year.
2. Will Sam move into new
house next year?
3. When will Sam move into
new house?
注释:改写为特殊疑问句时,可根据句子的不同部分进行改写。
Sam will move
into new house next year.
Who will move into
new house next year?
Sam will move into new
house next year.
Where will Sam move into next
year?
Sam will move into new house next year.
When will Sam move into new house?
一般将来时的用法
1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
I
will(shall) get there tomorrow.
Will you be
free next weekend?
We won’t (shan’t) be busy
this evening.
2. 在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用shall,
这时或是征求对方
的意见,或是询问一个情况
Where shall we have a
meeting?
Shall we have computer class
tomorrow?
3. be going to
+动词原形,这个形式常用于表示打算,计划和安排好的事情
We are going to
have a trip next year.
How are you going to
spend your weekend?
例题:选择正确的答案。
( ) 1.
He very busy this week, he free next
week.
A. will be, is B. is, is
C. will be, will be D. is, will be
( )
2. There a meeting tomorrow.
A. was
B. is going to have C. will have D. is going
to be
( ) 3. --Where is the paper?--I
it for you at once.
A. get B. am
getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 4.
He him a beautiful bag next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is
going to give
( ) 5. He in three
days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will
come back D. is going to coming back
答案:
1. D,本题 有两个时间词this week和next
week,前半句用一般现在时,说明
的是现在的状态,后半句用一般将来时,说明下一周的情况。
2. B,will和be going to都可用来表示将来时,但be going
to含有计划好、安排
好的意思,因此,本题答案为is going to have 。
3. D,本题需要根据句意进行选择,目前没有纸,需要去拿,从时间上对于现
在一定是之后
做的,因此,应该用一般将来时。
4.
D,从句以上年理解,下一个生日要送的礼物,一定是计划好的,因此,用
be going to
的表达更为合理。
5. C,in three days译为三天后,时态应该采用一般将来时,同
时,从所给的四
个选项上看,只有C选择的形式是正确的。
现在进行时
现在进行时的基本概念
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情
。“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,
也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续
进行的事情。
现在进行时的结构
主语 + be动词 + 动词ing
He
is swimming.
They are
playing.
现在进行时的具体形式
第一人称单数I +am+动词ing
I am reading a story book.
I am practing.
第二人称单数you 各人称复数we you they+are+动词ing
They
are doing homework.
We are playing games.
第三人称单数he she it+is+动词ing
He is cleaning
the house.
Tom is playing basketball.
例题:将下列句子改成现在进行时
1. Tom can speak Japanese.
2. We have lessons.
3. I watch TV every
day.
4. She works in a factory.
5. Kitty
and Ben have lunch at about twelve.
答案:
1. Tom is speaking Japanese.
2. We are
having lessons.
3. I am watching TV now.
4. She is working in a factory.
5. Kitty
and Ben are having lunch now.
注释:
1. 在改写句子
的过程中,首先需要根据每句话的主语的单复数确定be应该采用
的形式,加在主语的后面,然后找出句
子中的动词,将动词改写为动词ing
形式,最后将所给句子的时间词改写为现在进行时的时间词。牢记
现在进行
时的结构:主语+be动词+动词ing形式。
2. 动词ing变化规则
形式 例词
直接+ ing sleep+ing-sleeping
去掉不发音的e+ing bite-e+ing-biting
重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字sit+ t+ing sitting
母,双写辅音字母+ing
特殊变化 die-dying, lie-lying
现在进行时的句型变化
肯定句Boys are playing
football on the grass.
否定句主语+be动词+not+动词ingBoys are not playing
football on the grass.
一般疑问句Be动词+主语+动词ingAre
boys playing football on the grass?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Where are boys playing
football?
例题:按要求改写句子。
1. Lee is swimming
in the sea.
.(改写为否定句)
?(改写为一般疑问句)
?(改写为特殊疑问句)
答案:Lee is not swimming in the sea.
Is Lee swimming in the sea?
Where is Lee
swimming?
2. They are having English class.
.(改写为否定句)
?(改写为一般疑问句)
?(改写为特殊疑问句)
答案:
They are not having English class.
Are they having English class?
What are
they doing?
一般将来时的用法
1.
表示现在正在发生的事情(说话时正在进行)
My father is reading
newspaper now.
Look! Girls are singing and
dancing.
2. 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作(说话时不一定正在进行)
We are learning computer this month.
They
are writing fairy tales this term.
选择填空。
1. She is _____ (run, running) now.
2.
Look, Nick is _____ (coming, come).
3. Listen,
she is _____ (singing, sing).
4. The fish is
_____ (swimming, swim) in the river.
5. They
are _____ (sitting, sit) in the classroom.
答案:
1. running,now为现在进行时的时间标志。
2.
coming,look为现在进行时的时间标志。
3.
singing,listen为现在进行时的时间标志。
4. swimming,从题目中找不出
现在进行时的时间标志,但根据现在进行时的结
构可以知道应该用现在进行时。
5. sit
ting,从题目中找不出现在进行时的时间标志,但根据现在进行时的结构可
以知道应该用现在进行时
。
一般过去时
一般过去时的基本概念
一般过去
时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、
行为。常和表示过去的时间状语
连用。
一般过去时的结构
Be
动词的一般过去时
主语 + be动词过去式 + 其他成分
She was in Beijing last
year.
实义动词的一般过去时
主语 + 实义动词过去式 +
其他成分
We went to school
yesterday.
一般过去时的具体形式Be
动词的一般过去时
第一人称I
第三人称单数he
sheit+wasHe was a teacher.
第二人称单数you 各人称复数we you they+wereYou were the
best students in
our were late the day before
yesterday.
例题:用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I at
school just now.
2. He at the summer
camp last week.
3. They students two
years ago.
4. Liming ten years old last
year.
5. There a pear on the desk
yesterday.
答案:
1.
Was,主语为第一人称单数,将am变为过去式was
2.
Was,主语为第三人称单数,将is变为过去式was
3.
Were,主语为第三人称复数,将are变为过去是were
4.
Was,主语为第三人称单数,将is变为过去式was
5. Was,there
be句型中根据横线后的名词的单复数,a
pear为单数形式,将is
变为过去式was
实义动词的一般过去时
各人称单 复数+动词的过去式We visited my grandparents last
mother
gave me a new pen.
例题:用动词的适当形式填空
1. He (live) in Beijing 3 years ago.
2. The dog (eat) a bird last night.
3. We (have) a party last year.
4. I
(make) a model plane with my father yesterday.
5. They (play) the piano last night.
6. His father (read) a newspaper last
night.
答案
1. Lived,3 years ago作为一般过去时的时间标志
词,说明本句应该用一般过去
时,live为特殊变化,需要加d变为lived
2.
Ate,时间词last
night说明本句应该用一般过去时进行表达,eat为不规则变
化,应变为ate
3.
Had,时间词last year说明本句应该用一般过去时进行表达,应把have变为
had。
4.
Made,yesterday作为一般过去时的时间词,因此,在句子中应把make变为
made。
5. Played,last
night作为一般过去时的时间词,应在所给词play后加ed,变为
过去式played
6. Read,read的变化形式较为特殊,过去式与原形同形,但在读音上应读成[red]。
注:一般过去式变化规则:
规则变化:
动词词尾加ed work-
worked,play-played
以不发音的-
e结尾的动词,动词词尾加
-d
以辅音字+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i
再加-
ed
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动
词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed
不规则变化
live-lived,move-moved
study-
studied,try-tried
stop-stopped,plan-planned
go-went,make-made,buy-bought,
come-
came,fly-flew
一般过去时的句型变化
Be
动词的一般过去时
肯定句He was very busy
yesterday.
否定句主语+be动词过去式+not+其他成分He was not
very busy yesterday.
一般疑问句be动词过去式+主语+其他成分Was
he very busy yesterday?
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Why
was he very busy yesterday?
例题:句型转换。
1. It
was boring.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答,否定回答
特殊疑问句
2. They
were very excited yesterday.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答,否定回答
特殊疑问句
答案
1.
It was not boring.
Was it boring?
Yes, it
was. No, it wasn’t.
Why was it boring?
2.
They were not very excited yesterday.
Were
they very excited yesterday?
Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t.
Why were they very excited
yesterday?
实义动词的一般过去时
肯定句He had a new
car.
否定句主语+did+not+动词原形+其他成分He did not have a
new car.
一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分Did he have a
new car?
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What did he have?
例题:句型转换。
1. They sang songs in the
classroom last night.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答,否定回答
特殊疑问句
2. Sara
went to see her grandparents last week.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答,否定回答
特殊疑问句
答案:
1.
They did not sing songs in the classroom last
night.
Did they sing songs in the classroom
last night?
Yes, they did. NO, they didn’t.
Where did they sing songs last night?
2.
Sara did not go to see her grandparents last week.
Did Sara go to see her grandparents last week?
Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.
When did
Sara go to see her grandparents.
注:在一般过去时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句中,需要将过去式变为动
词原形。
一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态
Mr.
Wang was a teacher in the school last year.
My
dad bought a doll yesterday.
2.
表示在过去一段时间里,经常性或习惯性的动作或状态
When I was a child, I
often played football.
例题:用过给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
Tom and Mike (come) to India last month.
2. Mary (not go) to bed until 11 o’clock
last night.
3. Sara (read) English
yesterday morning.
4. I listened but
(hear) nothing.
5. My father (not do)
housework yesterday.
6. --When you
(get) to Beijing yesterday?--We (get) to
Beijing at 9:00.
7. How many people
(be) there in your class last term?
8. There
(be) a basketball match on TV yesterday evening.
9. Jack (not clean) the room just now.
10. She watches TV evening. But she (not
watch) TV last night.
答案:
1. came,根据last
month确定时态为一般过去时,come应变为came。
2. did not
go,根据last night确定时态为一般过去时,否定句,did not后用动词原形。
3. read,根据yesterday
morning确定时态为一般过去时,read较为特殊,过去式与原形同形。
4.
heard,根据listened确定本句时态为一般过去时,hear加d变为过去式。
5.
didn’t do,根据yesterday确定时态为一般过去时,否定句中用动词原形。
6.
did, get, got,根据yesterday确定时态为一般过去时,特殊疑问句用助动词did,问
句中动
词用原形,肯定句中应把get变为got。
7. were,根据last ter
m确定时态为一般过去时,people为集合名词,应该用be动词过去式
的复数形式were.
8. was,根据yesterday morning确定时态为一般过去时,there
be句型中根据其后的名词确定
be动词,a basketball match为单数,用was。
9. didn’t clean,根据just
now确定时态为一般过去时,否定句中动词用原形。
10. did not
watch,根据last night确定时态为一般过去时,否定句中动词用原形。