石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第49课
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石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料
al Taboos文化禁忌
speed and convenience【方便】 of modern travel means
that
destinations【目的地】 that used to take a
long time to travel
to can now be reached
quickly and easily. 现代旅行的速度和
便捷意味着过去需要花很长时间才能抵达
的目的地现在可以又快又
轻松地到达。
Even though【即使】
【遥远的】countries may now seem
closer thanks
to【多亏】 air travel, they may still be different
from your home country【国家】. 尽管由于可以乘坐飞机旅行“遥
远”的国家似乎更近了,但是它们也许仍然与你自己的国家有所不
同。
Therefore,
it is important to adapt【改编,适应于】 your
behavior【行为】 so that【以便】 you don't insult【侮辱】
or
offend【冒犯】 the local people.
因此,改善你的行为从而不冒
犯或不得罪当地人非常重要。
The following
are some fundamental【基本的】 rules that will
make
communication【交流】 easier and your trip more
enjoyable.
以下几条基本规则将会使交际变得更容易,使你的旅行更愉快。
,
never raise your voice in order to【为了】 make
yourself understood. If you do not know the
word for something
in the local language, or
cannot make yourself understood
verbally【口头地】,
try drawing a picture or pointing to an
石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料
object【物体】. 首先,千
万不要为了让别人听懂你的话语而提髙嗓
门高声大叫。如果你不知道用当地语言中的某个词表达你的意思
,或
者不能用言语让别人明白你的意思,试着画张图,或者指向某个物体。
Remember, though, that pointing directly at a
person can be
highly offensive【冒犯的】 in some
cultures. If you have to
point something
out【指出】, do so by gesturing【做手势】 towards
the
object, with the palm【手掌】 of your hand flat,
facing
upward, and your fingers
outstretched【伸展的】. 然而,务必
记住,在某些文化中,直接指向某个人可能是十分
无礼的。如果你得
指出某个东西,打手势指向那个物体,手掌摊平,掌面朝上,手指尽
可能伸展
。
Before you travel, try learning some
basic【基本的】 words or
phrases of the local
language. Most useful are those that
express
gratitude【感激】 and politeness such as words for
please, thank you, and may I, as well as basic
greetings.
旅行之前,设法学会一些本地语言的基本词语。最实用的是那些表达
感
激之情和客气礼貌的词语,比如“劳驾”,“谢谢你”,“我可不
可以”,以及基本的问候用语。
, consider the main religion【宗教】 of the
country
you plan to visit and read about any
taboos【禁忌】 related
to clothing, especially if
you plan to visit places that are
considered
sacred【神圣的】. 其次,认真考虑你决定去旅游的那
石油人
第五届职称英语班培训材料
个国家的主要宗教,并通过读书了解关于穿着的禁忌,如果计划去游
览圣地,尤其要获悉这方面的禁忌。
As a precaution【预防】, bring
conservative【保守的】 clothes,
such as shirts or
T-shirts that cover your shoulders, and long
trousers.
携带诸如覆盖肩膀的衬衫或短袖汗衫和长裤之类的保守
衣服,以备不时之需。
Avoid【避开】 topics of conversation that you
think may be
sensitive【敏感的】. If a topic is
sensitive in your own culture,
it will more
than likely be the same in other cultures. 回
避你
认为可能敏感的话题。如果某个话题在你自己的文化里是敏感的
话题,那么这个话题在其他文化里也很可
能同样如此。
Feel free to show interest in the
history and customs【风俗】
of the place you are
visiting, but don't ask too many questions
about why things are done in a certain way;
you may offend the
local people. 毫无拘束地表现出你对旅游目
的地的历史和风俗饶
有兴趣,但不要就约定俗成的事情提出太多疑问,提问太多,也许会
得罪当
地人。
Keep in mind【记住】 that in many cultures,
displaying【展
示】 affection【喜爱】 in public is
considered taboo. Kissing
on the street or in
public places is unacceptable【不能接受
的】 behavior
and should be avoided. 牢牢记住,根据很多国家
石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料
的文化习俗,当众表现爱慕亲密之情
被视为禁忌。在街道上或在公共
场所接吻是不可接受的行为,应该加以避免。
If you
are unsure of how to behave, watch the local
people and
copy them—if they don't behave in a
certain way, you probably
shouldn't either.要是对
行为表现方式没有把握,观察当地人并模
仿他们。如果他们没有某种行为方式,你也许也应该避免。
y, if you are travelling on business【出差】 or
plan
to stay with a host family and you wish
to take a gift, do some
research.
最后,如果你正处于商务之行,或者决定暂居于主人之家,
想携带一件礼物,那么就该调查研究一番。
The idea of the perfect gift varies【不同】
greatly from country
to country, and one of
the easiest ways to offend somebody is
to give
the wrong gift.
礼物是否完全合适,各国人们看法不一。
送错礼物是最容易冒犯人的。
In China,
it is taboo to give clocks and fans. The Chinese
word
for
while the sound for is similar to
that of 在
中国,赠送时钟或扇子是忌讳之事。汉语单词“扇”与“散”谐音,
“送钟
”与“送终”谐音。
In Japan, gifts should never be
given in sets of
the sound of the word in
Japanese is similar to the sound
石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料
of the word
meaning 在日本,赠送礼物永远不应该四件
成套,因为日文的“四”和“死”是谐音。
opening of gifts is also treated very
differently around
the world. In many Western
countries, do not be surprised if
your hosts
immediately tear【撕裂】 the wrapping paper【包
装纸】
from a gift in great excitement. 世界各地打开礼物的
方式也大
不相同。在很多西方国家,如果主人非常兴奋地立即撕开礼
物的包装纸,不要感到惊讶。
They will then tell you how wonderful the gift
is, even if they
do not like it! In most Asian
countries, it is considered
impolite to open
gifts in front of the gift-giver for fear
of
【以免】 offending the person.他们会告诉你礼物多么令人惊喜,
即便不喜欢,他们也会赞不绝口!在很多亚洲国家,当着礼物赠送者
的面打开礼物被认为是失礼的举动
,因为人们担心当面打开礼物会让
客人难堪。
er you go in the
world, always be tolerant【宽容的】
of the local
customs. Avoid being critical【批评的】; try
instead to show respect for the values of the
country you are
in, even if you do not
necessarily agree with them.
无论到世界上什么地方去,要时时处处宽容地对待当地习俗。避免评
头论足,采取批评的态度,要尽量对你所在国家的价值观表示尊重,
即使你未必赞成。