英语必修5课件
四季的雨-毕业论文格式模板
英语必修5课件
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇与短语
suggest, persuade, observation,
contributions, achieve, devote ... to
2.
Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to
learn the way of persuasive writing and
descriptive writing.
3. Learning ability
goals 学能目标
Learn how to write a persuasive
writing and a descriptive writing.
Teaching
important points教学重点
Help the students to
learn to write a persuasive writing and a report.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to
write a report about a scientist and his her job.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based
activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A
computer and a projector.
Teaching
procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step Ⅰ
Presentation
Task 1: Summarize the way of
writing a report.
T: Now class, if we want
to write a report about a scientist, what
contents should we include?
S1:
The life of the scientist, such as his birth and
death dates, his
family, his education, his
personality, his achievements and contributions,
his key factors to his success.
T: Yes.
You are right. And how do we make an outline about
it?
S2: We should put the collected
information under three headlines:
life,
achievements and key to success.
Task 2:
Remind the students of the writing techniques and
writing
features of a report.
Show the
following to the students.
Report
Formal language with few adjectives
No
speech except quotations
Not emotional
Only one main character
Factual structured
according to experimental method
Past tense
and passive voice
Task 3: Summarize the way
of persuasive writing.
T: You know if we
want to persuade sb, we always want to reason
with him or her. We must develop our own ideas
and provide some
evidence to support our ideas
so there are always three steps to
persuade
somebody else to change his or her point of view.
Can you
point out what the three steps
are?
S1: I think the first is to give your
opinion and idea.
S2: The second is to give
the reasons and evidence to support your
idea.
S3: The third is to make a conclusion.
Show the following to the students.
A
persuasive writing
Formal or informal, vivid
use of language
Speech to show feelings,
reactions, etc
Emotional or not emotional to
describe feelings and facts
Only two main
characters
Factual or imaginative based on
fact
Reason and persuade step by step
Present tense
Then ask the students to write
a short letter as required in Exercise
3.
A sample version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying history and I would
very much like to read
your new theory about
the solar system. I hope you will publish it for
several reasons. I understand the problems
with the present theory. The
way the planets
move is not what you would expect if the earth was
the
centre of the universe. It is also
odd that the brightness of some stars
seems to
change. So I agree with you that we need new
theory.
I know your observations have been
very carefully carried out over
many years.
Now you must have the courage to publish them.
Science
can never advance unless people have
the courage of their beliefs. I
know you worry
about what will happen if you publish your new
theory.
No matter how people oppose it, time
will show if your ideas are right or
wrong.
So I hope you can publish your new theory.
Step Ⅱ Writing
Ask the students to
write a report about a scientist.
Sample
versions (见附件3, 4, 5)
Step Ⅲ Homework
Ask the students to do the Project on page 47.
附 件
1. How to do a science research
A science project is an investigation using
the scientific method to
discover the answer
to a scientific problem. Before starting your
project,
you need to un derstand the
scientific method. This section uses
examples
to illustrate and explain the basic steps of the
scientific method.
The scientific method is
the “tool” that scientists use to find the
answers to questions. It is the process of
thinking through the possible
solutions
to a problem and testing each possibility to find
the best
solution. The scientific method
involves the following steps: doing
research,
identifying the problem, stating a hypothesis,
con-ducting
project experimentation, and
reaching a conclusion.
Research
Research is the process of collecting information
from your own
experiences, knowledgeable
sources, and data from exploratory
experiments. Your first research is used to
select a project topic. This is
called topic
research. For example, you observe a black growth
on bread
slices and wonder how it got there.
Because of this experience, you
decide to
learn more about mold growth. Your topic will be
about fungal
reproduction. (Fungal refers to
plant-like organisms called fungi, which
cannot make their own food, and reproduction
is the making of a new
offspring.) CAUTION: If
you are allergic to mold, this is not a topic you
would investigate. Choose a topic that is safe
for you to do.
After you have selected a
topic, you begin what is called project
research. This research is to help you
understand the topic, express a
problem,
propose a hypothesis, and design one or more
project
experiments — experiments designed to
test the hypothesis. An
example of project
research would be to place a fresh loaf of white
bread
in a bread box and observe the bread
over a period of time as an
exploratory
experiment. The result of this experiment and
other research
give you the needed
information for the next step — identifying the
problem.
Problem
The problem is
the scientific question to be solved. It is best
expressed as an “open-ended” question, which
is a question that is
answered with a
statement, not just a yes or a no.
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an idea about the
solution to a problem, based on
knowledge and
research. While the hypothesis is a single
statement, it is
the key to a successful
project.
All of your project research is
done with the goal of expressing a
problem,
proposing an answer to it (the hypothesis), and
designing
project experimentation. Then all of
your project experimenting will be
performed
to test the hypothesis.
Do state facts from
past experiences or observations on which you
base your hypothesis.
Do write down your
hypothesis before beginning the project
experimentation.
Don’t change your
hypothesis even if experimentation does not
support it. If time permits, repeat or
redesign the experiment to confirm
your
results.
Project Experimentation
Project experimentation is the process of testing
a hypothesis. The
things that have an effect
on the experiment are called variables. There
are three kinds of variables that you need to
identify in your experiments:
independent,
dependent, and controlled variables.
The
independent variable is the variable you purposely
manipulate
(change). The dependent variable is
the variable that is being observed,
which
changes in response to the independent variable.
The variables
that are not changed are called
controlled variables.
Do have only one
independent variable during an experiment.
Do repeat the experiment more than once to verify
your results.
Do have a control.
Do
have more than one control, with each being
identical.
Do organize data.
Project
Conclusion
The project conclusion is a
summary of the results of the project
experimentation and a statement of how the
results relate to the
hypothesis.
If
your results do not support your hypothesis:
DON’T change your hypothesis.
DON’T leave
out experimental results that do not support your
hypothesis.
DO give possible reasons for
the difference between your
hypothesis
and the experimental results.
DO give ways
that you can experiment further to find a
solution.
If your results support your
hypothesis:
You might say, for example, “As
stated in my hypothesis, I believe
that light
is not necessary during the germination of bean
seeds. My
experimentation supports the idea
that bean seeds will germinate
without light.
After seven days, the seeds tested were seen
growing in
full light and in no light. It is
possible that some light reached the ‘no
light’ containers that were placed in a dark
closet. If I were to improve
on this
experiment, I would place the ‘no light’
containers in a
light-proof box and or wrap
them in light-proof material, such as
aluminum
foil.”
2. On women scientists : A speech in
the International Women’s
Day
Women thou
hast encircled the world’s heart with the depth of
thy
tears as the sea has the earth.
Women in your laughter you have the music of the
fountain of life.
The message is clear; it
is inspiring and presents a deep philosophy.
Women would be the change agent in this fast
moving world’s
socio-economic scenario.
We have assembled here today to celebrate the
International
Women’s Day and also the Year of
Empowerment of Women.
...
Madam
Curie who got the Nobel Prize just after two years
of
establishment of the Nobel Foundation —
first in 1903 in Physics when
she shared it
and then the second one in 1911 in Chemistry,
created a
history by winning two Nobel Prizes
in a span of 8 years. I am sure, the
group
here is aware of the difficult conditions and
laboratory
arrangements under which she worked
and yet, she excelled.
Biotechnologists can
never forget the work of Dorothy Crowfoot
Hodgkin on Crystallography leading to the
structure of the important
biological
crystals. She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in
1964. The
work of Barbara McClintock, a
geneticist won her the Nobel Prize in 1983.
Just as someone said: “Developing countries that
have made
remarkable social progress, have
done so primarily through the
empowerment of
women, which has had enormous impact in terms of
literacy, health and economic well being of
families.” What we need to
do is to ensure the
valuable contribution from 50% of our human
resource.
...
It is a matter of
great pleasure for all of us to see that the women
are not only confined to biology, a subject in
which they have been
contributing
significantly, they are also joining the areas of
physical
sciences and engineering and
performing equally well.
Somehow, in
many parts of the world today, science and
technology
interventions have treated women
primarily as recipient of knowledge
and have
under estimated their importance as generators of
innovations
and as a dynamic agent of economic
and social change. In empowering
the women
with scientific and technological skills, women
scientists and
technologists have a major
role. Biotechnology and biosciences including
medical, agriculture and basic research have
opened up new
opportunities. The involvement
of women scientists and technologists in
physical sciences, especially in the National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)
dates back to 1903, they worked as explorers,
pioneers and innovators. By the end of the
20th century, at least 25% of
the astronauts
at NASA were women, 16% scientists and engineers.
Of course, it is extremely important that
women scientists and
technologists are
appreciated for their dual role in the society
while
pursuing scientific research as a
career. They should also nurture and
cherish
their qualities of culture, compassion, courage
and creativity.
And above all, the cooperative
spirit. The five ‘Cs’ are personified in
women’s personality.
3. Charles Drawin
Origin of Species
The English scientist,
Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809,
the same day that Abraham Lincoln was born.
Darwin caused a change in
thinking about
evolution, whereas Lincoln caused a change in the
role of
the black slave, allowing the
black man to be a free man in American
society.
Darwin’s father tried to
influence his son to become a worthy
student
in school. However, Charles did not like to study
Latin or Greek,
which was required for a
classical education. Instead, he made a secret
laboratory in his father’s garden where he
could experiment in
chemistry and physics.
His headmaster had a very low opinion of his
scholarly abilities. So
his father decided to
send him to Edinburgh, Scotland, to medical
school.
However, Charles couldn’t bear the
sight of surgical demonstrations.
One time, a
child was being operated on without any painkiller
or
anesthesia. The child began to scream in
agony and Charles ran from the
room. Those
screams haunted his mind for many years.
Since he failed at medical school, his father sent
him to study
theology at Christ’s Church at
Cambridge University. However, in his
own
words, he said his time was sadly wasted “in
playing, drinking,
singing, flirting and card
playing.” But he found a science professor
there who recommended he sail as a naturalist
on the ship called hte
Beagle. This ship would
travel for 5 years exploring South America and
the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador
in the Pacific Ocean.
On these islands, he
observed the world’s largest turtles, the
iguana lizards, and finches, a type of bird.
These birds were on different
islands
and varied from each other, especially in their
beaks.
Darwin took many notes on this long
adventure. When he returned
to England, his
body was broken and he was essentially ill for the
rest of
his life. However, he came to the
interesting conclusion that certain
finches
adapted better to their environment in a process
called natural
selection. Those species more
fitted to their environment would be the
ones
most likely to breed and succeed in producing the
next generation.
In 1859, he wrote On the
Origin of Species, which became the most
significant book ever written on the theory of
evolution. His ideas have
had more influence
than anyone concerning how living species
developed over time.
Questions
1.
Darwin failed in the three schools of ______.
A. Science, Philosophy, Medicine
B. the
Classics, Medicine, Theology
C. History,
Science, Medicine
D. the Classics, Language,
Religion
2. Darwin’s theory of evolution
came from his study of _______.
A. giant
turtles B. finches
C. iguana lizards D. many
animals
3. On the Origin of Species is about
_______.
A. scientific discoveries
B. very old life forms
C.
development over time
D, animal descriptions
Key: 1-3 BBC
4. Marie Curie Radium and
Radioactivity
Marie Curie (1867 — 1934) was
born in Poland. Her parents gave
her the name
Manya Skladowska. She admired her father who was a
middle school teacher of physics in the city
of Warsaw.
Her mother was an excellent
pianist and some have said she
received her
brains from her father and her good hand co-
ordination
from her mother. She studied very
hard and won the gold medal for
academic work
in her high school. It was the third time a member
of her
family of four children had won the
first place prize.
At this time, Poland was
controlled by Russia. Her father wanted
freedom for his country and when he voiced his
opinions, he lost his
teaching job. He never
regained a job with a good salary again, so his
family became very poor.
Her mother died
when she was ten years old. Without money, it
was difficult for the bright Skladowska
children to go to college.
Marie’s older
sister Bronya wanted to study at the Sorbonne, a
French university in Paris. Marie offered to
work as a governess to pay
for her sister’s
education if Bronya would help Marie after her
graduation. This did occur and Marie
started college at the Sorbonne at
the age of
25.
One day a Polish professor was visiting
Paris and Marie came to his
apartment. The
young professor Pierre Curie also was there. He
was the
head of the university library of
chemistry and physics. The two became
friends
and later married.
They did their research
together. They discovered two new
radiocative
elements in pitchblendeores. They were called
polonium and
radium. They isolated the pure
elements in 1902 and received the Nobel
Prize
for Physics in 1903.
In April 1906, Pierre
slipped on wet pavement and was killed when
a
heavy truck ran over him. Marie was deeply
saddened. However, she
took her husband’s
position as a professor at the Sorbonne and
continued her research. She was the first
woman in France to become a
professor in a
university.
Marie gave the name
radioactivity to the penetrating power of
certain types of waves. In 1911, she received
the Nobel Prize for
Chemistry. She died from
radium poisoning, a martyr to her own work.
Questions
1. Marie Curie was inspired to
study science because of her
_______.
A.
middle school teacher B. mother
C.
sister D. father
2. Marie shared the Nobel
Prize for Physics by discover ring _______.
A. two new elements B. uranium
C. radium D
polonium
3. A martyr to her own work means
she _______.
A. worked too hard
B.
died in her library
C. was affected by
radium rays
D. sacrificed her personal life
for her work
Key: DAD
5. Issac Newton
Newton (1642 — 1727) was an English
mathematician who laid
the foundations for
physics as a modern scientific discipline.
Everyone
knows the story that when he was
sitting under a tree, he watched an
apple fall
to the ground. As he thought about the reason of
its falling, he
reasoned that both apples and
planets are similar in that they are
objects
that respond to a force that attracts them. The
year of this
observation was 1666 when he was
24 years old.
Newton was educated at Trinity
College in Cambridge. He was so
brilliant that
he was offered a full professorship at age 27 in
mathematics,
also at Cambridge. However, he
didn’t publish his theory of planet
movement
for 21 years because everyone thought his
reasoning was
faulty. He told his
friends that he would print nothing about his
ideas
because it would attract too much
attention, which would interfere with
his
scientific work.
However, in 1687, he
finally published a three volume book entitled
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
Today, it is considered the
greatest
scientific work ever written.
Newton
believed that the law of gravity made the universe
run like
a huge clock, as if designed by a
master designer. Scientists who read this
work
during his lifetime did not believe Newton’s
theory of gravitational
pull was correct. One
claimed that Newton would not have twenty
followers of his research in his lifetime.
Actually, there were even less,
because very
few scientists seemed interested in his work.
Newton said, “Just give me the mass, and the
position of the
motion of a system of heavenly
bodies at any given moment and I will
calculate their future positions and motions
by a set of rigid and unerring
mathematical
calculation. I will calculate the tides of the
oceans and the
motions of the waters and the
earth. For the earth attracts the moon
and the
moon attracts the earth, and the force of each in
turn tends to
keep them in a state of
perpetual resistance.”
Newton also developed
the mathematical system that is called
calculus. His studies of white light led to
the understanding that light is
made up of
many colors. However, the most important was his
theory of
gravitational pull, which is
the basis of all flights into space today.
Questions
1. In his lifetime, Newton’s
theory of gravity was _______.
A. respected
B. strange
C. not believed D. welcomed
2. Newton believed the universe was _______.
A. formed naturally B. running in perfect order
C. a big puzzle D. difficult to explain
3. The moon and the earth stay in perfect balance
because of
_______.
A. attraction B.
resistance
C. motion D. attraction and
resistance
Key: 1-3 CBD
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