英语课件Luoyang
中学生记叙文-会计求职
introduction
Luoyang, located
in the
mountainous
western part of
Henan boasts of
rich natural tour
resources ranging
from famous
mountains and
beautiful lakes,
pleasant hot springs and virgin forests. Luoyang
has a great diversity of
landforms and
physiognomy. 25 kilometers to the north of Luoyang
runs the Yellow
River, the torrential ―mother
river‖ of Chinese people, on which the world
famous
Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Water Project
is set up. The vast lake covering 270 square
kilometers with hills rising here and there
forms a splendid view of a sea of islands, just
like the QiandaoLake in south China. 80
kilometers to the east stands the world famous
ShaolinTemple among the flourishing trees on
the grand SongshanMountain. Besides
the
majestic temples, many Kung fu schools scatter
here. Lots of scenic spots can be
found 50 to
160 kilometers to the south and the east,
including the Baiyun Mountain
National Forest
Park, Huaguo Mountain, Chongdu Valley Scenic Area,
Longyu Wan
National Forest Park, the Jiguan
Cave – the ―No.1 dissolved cavern of the North
China‖
as well as provincial forest parks and
reservation parks like the Tianchi Mountain of
Songxian County and the Qingyao Mountain.
Characterized by landscape features of
both
the north China and the south China, those
charming scenic spots on this land are
natural
integration of grandness and elegance, majesty and
beauty.
The Heluo Area centered by Luoyang, a
city among the earliest approved Historical
Cities of Culture by the State Department, is
a significant birthplace of Chinese
civilization. Luoyang has become an
international metropolis since the Han and Wei
Dynasties. With foreign ambassadors bringing
tributes from all over the world in an
endless stream, Luoyang reached its
peak of prosperity in the Sui and Tang Dynasties
with a population of one million. A number of
human landscapes can display the glorious
history of this ancient city, among which are
the Longmen Grottoes, the Baima Temple,
the
Guanlin (the mausoleum of Guan Yu, a well-known
general during the Period of
Three Kingdoms),
the Luoyang Museum, the Han Emperor Guangwu
Mausoleum, the
House of Thousand Epitaphs of
the Tang Dynasty, the Longmafutu Temple (the
Map-carrying Dragon-Horse Temple), the Former
Residence of Wang Duo (a famous
poet,
calligrapher and painter during the period ranging
from the end of the Ming
Dynasty and the
beginning of the Qing Dynasty), etc.
climate
Lying in the North Temperate Zone with a
continental climate, Luoyang has distinct four
seasons of a rainless spring, a pluvial
summer, a mild autumn and a cold winter. The
average annual temperature here is 14.86℃ and
the average annual precipitation is
578.2mm.
The best season for touring in Luoyang is
definitely the autumn, when visitors
may find
great pleasure in climbing high in cool weathers
and appreciating the blooming
chrysanthemums.
April, the month with splendid view of competing
peonies, is another
good choice.
hotel
Dongshan (East Mountain) Hotel
International Finance Hotel
Luoyang Grand
Hotel
Baiyun Mountain Hotel
Peony Grand
Hotel
Peony City Hotel
scenery
The Longmen Grottoes
Luoyang Museum of
Folk-Custom
The Luoyang Museum
The Museum
of Six-horse Royal Cart
The Huaguoshan
Natinoal Forest Park
The Chongdugou Landscape
Area
Tianchi Mountain National Forest
Park
cockscomb cave
White Cloud Mountain
Longyuwan National Forest Park
The
Longmen Grottoes
Name:
The Longmen
Grottoes
Class:
AAAAA
Area:
Luoyang
Tel:
0086-371-65907709
Longmen Grottoes, one of the four Grottoes of
China, is located in a beautiful place of
green mountains and clear water, 13 kilometers
away to the south of Luoyang. The
grottoes
were started around the year 493 when Emperor
Xiaowen of the Northern Wei
Dynasty (386-534)
moved the capital to Luoyang and were continuously
built during the
400 years until the Northern
Song Dynasty (960-1127). The scenery measures
1,000
metres (about 1,094 yards) from north to
south where there are over 2,300 holes and
niches, 2,800 steles, 1,300 caves and 100,000
statues. Most of them are the works of
the
Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of
the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
Thousands of
niches and statues on YiqueMountain were mostly
carved in the Northern
Wei Dynasty and the
booming period of the Tang Dynasty, the two
climaxes in the
continuous building of 500
years.
Among the numerous caves chiseled in
the Northern Wei Dynasty, the GuyangCave, the
MiddleBinyangCave, the LianhuaCave and the
ShikusiCave are the representatives.
Statues
of the royal family members, aristocrats and
ministers of the Northern Wei
Dynasty during
the capital-moving period were kept in the
GuyangCave reflected the
typical historical
worship of Buddhism of the whole nation in the
Northern Wei Dynasty.
These marvelous stone
carvings of fancy appearances show the typical
style of the
earliest grotto art of Gandhara
Buddhism sculptures in Luoyang.
Among the key
grottoes built in the Tang Dynasty here, the grand
cluster statues of
Vairocana Buddha are the
most impressive of all. Centered by the statue of
the Buddha
Vairocana which carries an air of
grace, divinity and magnanimity, the open grotto
shrine
built according to the
description of the Hua-yen Sutr expressed
artistically and
thoroughly an ideal Buddhism
world of peace and lenity with a cluster of images
of vivid
appearances and infectious
expressions.
The Buddha Vairocana
●
Comments of World Cultural Heritage Committee：
The Grottoes and Buddha niches in the Longmen
area indicate the most outstanding
ancient
Chinese sculpture arts of the largest scale during
the period ranging from the
late Northern Wei
Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (493 – 907 A.D.).
These art works of
Buddhism describing
religious subjects with details and accuracy
represent the peak of
Chinese artistic stone
carving.
Wei Dynasty Grottoes —— The Guyang
Cave was first built in 495 A.D. by Qiu Huicheng,
a royal member of the Wei Dynasty, and the
three caves of the Binyang Grotto built since
500 to 523 A.D. by two Wei Emperors cost more
than 800,000 people in labor. Other
grottoes
built in this dynasty include the Yaofang Grotto
(Prescriptions Grotto) and the
Lianhua Grotto
built in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Stone Buddha
statues in the Guyang
Grotto whose
construction lasted for more than 50 years and
others represented by the
major Buddha statue
in the Middle Binyang Grotto built in this
historical period on the
Longmen Mountain are
all amiable and agreeable in expressions with
smiles, quite
different from those august ones
in the Yungang Grottoes (another famous grottoes
in
Shanxi province), showing more artistic
Buddha statues of typical Chinese style.
Tang
Dynasty Grottoes —— Most of the grottoes here,
60%, to be exact, were built in
the Tang
Dynasty, a flourishing age for grottoes,
especially in the age of Queen Wu
Zetian. The
Fengxian Temple Grotto completed in four years,
sponsored by the Queen
herself with a donation
of 20,000 guan (guan, a string of 1000 coins in
ancient China),
is a representative as well as
the largest among all grottoes in Longmen. With 2
Bodhisattvas of 13.25 meters tall and several
attendants of 10.5 meters tall standing
aside,
the major statue (the Buddha Vairocana) sitting in
the center is 17.14 meters tall,
overwhelming
in size, with majesty and artistic value.
Among the 20 Longmen Statue Epigraphs,
invaluable treasures holding the essence of
the calligraphy of the Weibei
(Steles of the Wei Dynasty)
Style, 19 of
them are
cherished in the Guyang
Grotto.
Those graceful
Chinese characters carrying a
vigorous air represent the
transitional
calligraphy from
the Li Style (official
script, an
ancient style of calligraphy) to
the Kai Style (the standard script).
Being a
masterpiece of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386 – 512
A.D.), the Middle Binyang
Grotto took 24 years
to complete, the most time-consuming of all. Among
the 11 large
Buddha statues, the statue of
Sakyamuni, the major one in the grotto, is a
masterpiece
of stone carving in the middle
Northern Wei Dynasty, with his natural expressions
and
comely face. In front of the major statue
stand two strong lions, guarding. Two disciples
and two Bodhisattvas are standing aside, the
latter with gentle and sincere smiles on the
face. The embossment of Bodhisattvas and
disciples absorbed in the Buddhism lecture
are
very vivid, just like the lifelike carvings of
apsarases (flying female Buddha of lower
status) on the roof.
Fengxian Temple
Grotto, the largest one among all grottoes here,
is more than 30
meters both in length and
width. What makes the Fengxian Temple Grotto
prominent is
the tremendous statue of the
Buddha Vairocana sitting in the middle which is
really an
incomparably superior masterpiece of
great beauty. It is 17.14 meters (about 56.23
feet) in total height with the head four
meters (about 13 feet) tall and the ears 1.9
meters (about 6.2 feet) in length. Vairocana
means illuminating all things in the sutra.
With slightly plump cheeks, comely eyes,
delicately upturned lips of a smile and a
looking down face leaning downward a little,
the statue impresses people as a mature
woman
of profound wisdom and mercy instead of an august
Buddha, winning the respect
of people instead
of fear. It is said that her great artistic
fascination came from a perfect
combination of great virtues, rich
sentiments, the generous mind and elegant
appearances in the carving.
The sculpture
complex of the Fengxian Temple Grotto is a perfect
artistic integration.
Disciples, Bodhisattvas
standing beside the great statue of Buddha
Vairocana are either
kind or devout while the
warriors and heaven lords are either ferocious or
aggressive,
serving as perfect foils to the
grace of the major statue.
Guyang Grotto, the
earliest and the most substantial one, is another
representative
grotto built in the North Wei
Dynasty. The epigraphs of the large amount of
statue niches
in the Guyang Grotto recording
the date, the reason of building the statue and
the name
of the builder are very valuable for
the study on calligraphy and sculpture of the
Northern Wei Dynasty.
Most of the 20
Longmen Statue Epigraphs, the prominent landmark
in the history of
Chinese calligraphy, can be
found here. Representing the calligraphy of the
Weibei
(Steles of the Wei Dynasty) Style,
these graceful Chinese characters carrying a
vigorous
air hold the essence of the
inscription calligraphy of the Longmen Grottoes,
highly
praised by people of all generations.
The Yaofang Grotto (Prescriptions Grotto) with
140 inscriptions of medical prescriptions
reflected the ancient glory of Chinese
medicine. Carving medical prescriptions into
stones is an important way to hand down
medical achievements to later generations, as
similar cases were found in other places.
The Longmen Grottoes, a large museum built
with stone carvings, house lots of
substantial
materials in religion, art, calligraphy, music,
clothing and accessories,
medicine,
architecture, transportation and exchanges between
China and other
countries.
XiangshanTempleXiangshanTemple, the top one
among the Ten Temples of Longmen,
is located
in the East Mountain of Longmen. With flourishing
fragrant kudzu, the
EastMountain is also
called ―Xiangshan‖ which literally means ―the
fragrant mountain‖.
In a similar way came the
name of the XiangshanTemple. Major scenic spots
are the
Daxiong Hall, the Arhat Hall, the
Stele of Qianlong (a famous emperor of the Qing
Dynasty), the Hall of Qianlong, the
tower of drum and bell, the wing-room, the
eighteen
arhats and the Jiangsong
(abbreviation for Chiang Kai-shek and Madame
Chiang) villa.
Baiyuan Garden
The Baiyuan
Garden on the EastMountain of the Longmen is the
mausoleum of Bai Juyi,
a great poet of the
Tang Dynasty. As an important scenic spot in the
Longmen tourist
area, it is a good place to
appreciate a changing view of beauty as walking
along the
quiet, winding paths.