信管大学英语课件词汇_Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live
湖南城建职业学院-课题结题报告格式
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live
Text
A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life
Words &
Expressions
get by: be good enough but not
very good; manage to live or do things in a
satisfactory way
- It is a little bit
difficult for the old couple to get by on such a
small pension.
- 我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。
(=My
parents managed to get by on a small amount of
money.)
- She never works but somehow she gets
by.
haul: vt.
1. transport, as with a
truck, cart, etc.
- The farmers haul
vegetables to the market on a truck every morning.
- 救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。
(=The rescue team
hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded
villages.)
2. pull or drag sth. with effort or
force
- A crane had to be used to haul the car
out of the stream.
- Rescue workers hauled
passengers out of the crashed train.
CF: haul,
drag & pull
这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。
haul 指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物，有时可表示很困难地拽。例如：
-
Lorries haul heavy goods from factories to ports.
(=大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口。)
drag 指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重
地把东西拖过一段距离，该词通常使人想到主动
或被动的阻力。例如：
- You
might drag a heavy box across the ground if you
couldn’t lift it.
(=如果你提不动一个重箱子，你可以在地上拖着它走。)
pull 为最普通用词，可指朝各个方向拉，并不强调用力大小。该词后面可添加副词或副词词
组具体描述拖拉动作的用力大小或方向等。例如：
- They pulled hard
but the rock remained stock-still.
(=他们使劲地拉，可那石头仍纹丝不动。)
supplement:
1. vt. add to sth. in order to improve it
(followed by with)
- Peter supplements his
ordinary income by writing books.
-
医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素 E 和 A。
(=The doctor suggested
supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A.)
2. n. an additional amount of sth.
- Do
you read the color supplements of the Sunday
newspapers?
(=你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗？)
- She has
been ill and must have supplements to her ordinary
food.
spray: vt. force out liquid in
small drops upon (followed by with)
- I’ll
have to spray the roses with insecticide to get
rid of the greenfly (蚜虫).
1
-
They sprayed the President’s car with bullets.
- 汽车开过，溅了我一身水。
(=A car went past and
sprayed me with water.)
pursue: vt.
1. be busy with; continue (steadily) with
- He is pursuing his studies at the
university.
- After graduation Martin chose to
pursue the same career as his father as a doctor.
2. follow esp. in order to catch, kill, or
defeat
- The police are pursuing an escaped
prisoner.
wicked: adj. evil or bad
-
We are all born good, but can be taught to be
wicked.
- 他真邪恶。
(=That was wicked of him.)
- I have such a wicked toothache.
get
through: come successfully to the end
-
当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬。
(=The local government
has taken some measures to ensure that all the
people will get through
the winter.)
- She
got through the entrance examination and was
accepted by the college.
at that point:
at that very moment; right then
- The train
was now only a couple of yards from the kids on
the track. At that point, Anthony
threw
himself forward and pulled them clear.
- The
man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all
TV cameras were pointed at him.
on
balance: with all things considered
- On
balance, it’s probably not advisable to change the
company’s name.
- 我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。
(=I
think, on balance, I prefer the new operating
system.)
NB: balance 的反义词是 imbalance。
此外，与
balance 有关的其他搭配有：
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
strike a balance
力求折中
in the balance 不确定，成败或安危未定
illustrate: vt. provide with visual features;
clarify by use of examples, etc.
- Let me use
another example to illustrate this difficult
point.
CF: illustrate, exemplify & demonstrate
这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。
illustrate
表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而
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真实地说明某一观点。例如：
- The way that a pump
works is used to illustrate how the heart sends
blood around the body.
(=水泵的工作原理可用来解释心脏是如何将血液送至全身各处的。)
exemplify
可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述，也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例。例
如：
-
Knights exemplified courage and courtesy.
(=武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。)
demonstrate
表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论，也可用于说明人或事。例
如：
-
Galileo demonstrated that objects of different
weights fall at the same speed.
(=伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。)
digest:
1. n. a short account of written materials or
data
- Reader’s Digest is a popular magazine
in the US.
- He was so busy that he only read
a concise digest of their project.
2. v.
1) change sth. into a form that the body can
use
- 玛丽吃肥肉不消化。
(=Mary can’t digest fat.)
2) think about sth. carefully and understand
it
- I heard her speech, but I haven’t
digested it yet.
- 吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。
(=It
often takes long time to digest new ideas.)
generate: vt. bring into existence; produce
- 煤燃烧时，产生热量。
(=When coal burns, it
generates heat.)
- The widespread use of
Spanish in some American cities has generated a
public debate over
language use in the
country.
- The teacher’s remark generated loud
laughter.
insurance: n. guarantee of
compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death,
etc. in return for
regular payment
- Does
your insurance cover damage by flooding?
- Our
firm carries fire insurance.
Collocation：
accident insurance 意外保险
medical
insurance 医疗保险
private health insurance
私人健康保险
disability insurance 伤残保险
social insurance 社会保险
unemployment
insurance 失业保险
whole life insurance 终身人寿保险
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pick up:
1) be
ready to pay 2) improve 3) gain; get 4) take
hold of and lift up
5) gather together;
collect 6) collect someone or something from a
place
Match the following sentences with
appropriate definitions above.
Where did you
pick up your excellent English? (3)
Please
pick up all your toys when you’ve finished
playing. (5)
If he loses the case, Michael
will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. (1)
I’ll pick you up at your hotel. (6)
She
picked up a stone and threw it at the window. (4)
Mary has been ill, but she’s picking up now.
(2)
premium: n. a sum of money paid
regularly to an insurance company to protect sb.
against
some risk of loss or damage
- The
employers make the employees pay for a large
portion of their health insurance premium.
-
He is complaining that car insurance premiums have
increased too much this year.
(=他抱怨说，今年汽车保险费增加得太多。)
aside from:
except for; in addition to (more usual in American
English; same as apart from)
- Aside from an
occasional game of tennis, he doesn’t take any
exercise.
- This composition is good aside
from a couple of spelling mistakes.
-
万籁俱寂，只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。
(=Everything was quiet,
aside from the occasional sound of a car horn in
the distance.)
cut back: reduce in size
or amount
Pattern: cut back sth.; cut back on
sth.
- The government has cut back on defense
spending.
- 我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。
(=We oppose
any plans to cut back (on) education budget.)
dine out: eat a meal away from home (usu. in
a restaurant)
- I’m going to dine out with
Peter tonight.
- With the improvement of
living standards, more and more people dine out at
weekends.
suspect:
1. v.
1)
believe to be true, likely or probable
Pattern: suspect that …
- I strongly
suspect that they’re trying to get rid of me.
2) believe to be guilty
Pattern: suspect .
of sth.
- The police suspect him of murder.
2. n. a person who is suspected of guilt, esp.
in a crime
- The police have arrested two
suspects in connection with the bank robbery.
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3. adj. of uncertain truth,
quality, etc.
- That is a rather suspect
answer; I don’t believe it.
CF: suspect,
assume & presume
这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想像”之意
suspect 意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外
，
该词有“怀疑”、“怀疑某人有…罪”之意。例如：
- We suspected
that he was lost, even before we were told.
(=别人告诉我们之前，我们就怀疑他失踪了。)
- He is suspected
of murdering that old lady.
(=他被怀疑杀了那位老妇人。)
assume 意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理。例如：
- He assumed that the train would be on time.
(=他假定火车会准时到达。)
presume 也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根
据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某
事属实，虽然还没有确凿的证据。例如：
- The
court presumed the death of the man who
disappeared during the war.
(=法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。)
budget: n. a
plan of how to arrange private or public income or
spending
- Adam limits himself to a daily
budget of $$10.
- At last, the government’s
efforts to balance the budget ended in failure.
Collocation：
draw up a budget 制定预算
submit a budget 提交一项预算报告
balance a
budget 平衡预算
exceed a budget 超出预算
cutreduce a budget 减少预算
a
federalhouseholdmunicipalnational budget
联邦家庭收支市政国家预算
scale: n. a relative level
or degree (usu. used in the phrase on a … scale)
- We tested our new teaching methods on a
small scale. Indeed only six classes were involved
in
it.
- 这项工程规模浩大地展开了。
(=The project
was undertaken on a grand scale.)
temptation: n. the feeling of being tempted
to do sth. wrong or harmful; the thing you want to
have
- The kids can’t resist the
temptation of McDonald’s.
- He couldn’t resist
the temptation to steal the jewel.
Collocation：
overcome temptation 克服诱惑
resist temptation 抵制诱惑
be exposed to
temptation 受到诱惑
face temptation 面临诱惑
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succumb to temptation
placeput temptation in sb.’s way
向诱惑屈服
让某人受诱惑
device: n. a piece of
equipment designed to serve a special purpose
- They suspected that an explosive device had
been left somewhere inside the building.
-
她发明了一种能在下雨时自动关闭窗户的装置。
(=She invented a device
that automatically closes windows when it rains.)
CF:
device, instrument & implement
这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。
device
表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。例如：
- I have fitted a
device to my car which opens the garage doors
automatically.
(=我车上装了一个能自动开启车库门的装置。)
instrument 表示“器械”、“仪器”、“（发动机或航海、航空等的）测量仪器
”、“仪表”，表
示为技术工作设计的工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。例如：
- All
surgical instruments must be sterilized before
use.
(=所有外科手术器械使用前都必须消毒。)
implement
指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具。例如：
- Man’s
earliest implements were carved from stone and
bone.
(=人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成。)
profit:
n.
1. money gained by business
- He makes
a big profit from selling waste material to
textile companies.
- 他以获利价出售了他的房子。
(=He
sold his house at a profit.)
2. advantage
gained from some action
- Finishing college
will be your profit.
- I have read this book
with profit.
Collocation：
clearearnmaketurn a profit 获得利润
divide
profits 分红利
a clearnet profit 净利
a gross profit 毛利，总利润
poor profits
薄利
small profits and quick returns 薄利多销
at a profit 获利地、有利可图地
CF: profit,
interest & advantage
这几个词都可用作名词，均有“利益”、“好处”之意。
profit
指在物质与精神方面的好处，但以金钱方面为主。例如：
- The company has
targeted a quite high profit for the year.
(=公司为今年制定了较高的赢利目标。)
interest
当“利益”讲时常用复数形式。例如：
- A public servant is to
work in the interests of the public.
6
(=公务员应该为公众谋利益。)
advantage
常指有利条件或优势地位。例如：
- Don’t you think it a double
advantage for us?
(=难道你不认为这对我们来说是一件一举两得的事吗？)
- He was adept at maintaining a psychological
advantage.
(=他擅于保持一种心理上的优势。)
invest:
v. use money to make a profit out of something
that will increase in value
- She decided to
invest $$10,000 in the gas industry.
- My
parents intend to invest in stocks and bonds.
- 许多商人正在向农业投资。
(=Many businessmen are
investing in farming.)
primarily: adv.
mainly; chiefly
- We are primarily concerned
with improving our working conditions.
-
男子通常比女子跑得快，主要是因为他们的肌肉力量更大。
(=Men usually run
faster than women, primarily because they have
greater muscular strength.)
Text B
Words & Expressions
roast:
1. n. a
piece of roasted meat
- My mother ordered a
roast from the butcher.
- 我们通常在星期天午餐吃炖肉。
(=We usually have a pot roast for Sunday
lunch.)
2. vt. cook with dry heat
- Just
roast the chicken in the oven and baste it in oil
and lemon.
- 他想学会如何在火上烤鸭。
(=He wanted to
learn how to roast duck over the fire.)
3.
adj. (only before noun) roasted
- Like many
children, the boy likes roast chicken very much.
- 在我看来，制作一份上等的烤土豆是在烹饪中最重要的功夫之一。
(=In my
eyes, a good roast potato is one of the most
important things in cooking.)
at one
time: once; in a former time
- At one time I
used to go skiing every winter.
- 超短裙曾一度非常流行。
(=At one time miniskirts were very popular.)
get along: manage to live or survive
- I wonder how Michael is getting along in his
new job.
- 虽然这不容易，但我想没有他我们照样可以活。
(=It’s
not going to be easy but I think we can get along
without him.)
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workforce: n. the total number of workers in
a specific undertaking, or the total number of
people employed or employable
-
skillededucatedflexible workforce
-
现在，妇女几乎占劳动人口的50％。
(=Women now represent almost
50% of the workforce.)
mushroom: vi.
spread, grow, or develop quickly
- After she
had won several acting awards, her television
career mushroomed.
- 在过去十年中，城市犯罪增长迅速。
(=Crime in the city has mushroomed during the
past decade.)
miss out (on sth.): not do
or have sth. that you would enjoy or sth. that
other people do or
have
- If you leave
early for Christmas you’ll miss out on all the
partying.
- 我到那里晚了，错过了所有有趣的事。
(=I got
there late and missed out on all the fun.)
in addition: furthermore
- The company
provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it
makes shareware freely available.
-
该价格包括上好的免费自助早餐。此外，酒店提供免费互联网接入。
(=The price
includes excellent free buffet breakfast. In
addition, the hotel provides Internet
access
for free.)
in addition to: as well as; besides
- In addition to giving a general introduction
to computer, the course also provides practical
experience.
- 除了她的音乐造诣，珍妮还被认为是一位小说家。
(=In addition to her musical accomplishment,
Jeannie is known as a novelist.)
gasp:
vi. catch one’s breath with an open mouth, owing
to pain or astonishment
- I gasped when I
heard how much the watch had cost.
-
当车失控时，她吓得倒抽一口气。
(=She gasped in horror as the
car spun out of control.)
commute: n.
the act of making the same journey regularly
between work and home (followed
by tofrom
between)
- Commute from Brighton to London
every day really exhausts me.
- 我早晨上班路上要花45分钟。
(=My morning commute takes 45 minutes.)
whip:
1. n. a piece of leather or rope
which is fastened to a stick, used for hitting
animals or people
- She lashed the horses
mercilessly with her long whip.
- 用鞭子惩罚孩子是残酷的。
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(=It’s cruel to use a whip
to punish a child.)
2. vt. hit (a person or
animal) with a whip
- I don’t like the way the
drivers whip their horses.
- 他鞭打马使它跑得更快。
(=He whipped the horse to make it go faster.)
whip up: make quickly
- Mother was in the
kitchen whipping up a batch of cakes.
-
我能三下五除二做出一份色拉。
(=I could whip up a salad.)
go with: suit each other or look or
taste good together
- I’m not sure that this
hat really goes with this dress.
- 这种酒与海鲜特别搭配。
(=This wine goes particularly well with
seafood.)
thaw: vt. (of ice, snow, or
other frozen substance, such as food) become
liquid or soft as a
result of warming
-
Thaw frozen meat in its packet and then cook as
soon as possible.
- 太阳出来，把冰融化了。
(=The sun
came out and thawed the ice.)
as a
result: consequently, therefore
-
Unemployment has risen as a result of new economic
policies.
- 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消。
(=As a
result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had
to be cancelled.)
relate to:
1. be
able to understand
- I know he feels upset,
and I can relate to that.
-
许多家长发现很难与处于青少年期的孩子沟通。
(=Many parents find it
hard to relate to their children when they are
teenagers.)
2. be connected with
- The
cost relates directly to the amount of time spent
on the job.
- 第九章涉及通货膨胀对消费者的影响。
(=Chapter
Nine relates to the effects of inflation on
consumers.)
take over: become dominant;
take control of, esp. in place of . else
-
They’ve recently been taken over by a larger
company.
- 英国航空公司已经接管了两个附属航空公司。
(=British
Airways has taken over two subsidiary airlines.)
dizzying: adj. making people feel dizzy,
producing a feeling as if everything is spinning
around
- The economic restructuring proceeded
at a dizzying pace.
-
初恋可能会侵入血液，令人头晕目眩；而持久的爱情则在灵魂深处找到归宿。
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(=First love may register in the blood
with dizzying effect, but the love that endures
takes up
residence in the soul.)
array: n. a large group, number, or quantity
of people or things
- There was a splendid
array of food on the table.
- 他们坐在一排麦克风和照相机前。
(=They sat before an array of microphones and
cameras.)
cable: n. a wire, covered by
plastic, that carries electricity, telephone
signals, etc.
- The road has been dug up in
order to lay cables.
- 由于地震，海底电缆被毁。
(=The
undersea cable was broken because of the
earthquake.)
network: n. a group of
radio or television stations, which broadcast many
of the same
programmes, but in different parts
of the same country
- Three big TV networks
are under construction in that country.
-
在那个宾馆，你可以很容易连接上国际电脑网络。
(=It’s easy for you to
plug into the international computer network at
that hotel.)
make sense: be reasonable,
logical or comprehensible
- What you say makes
no sense.
- 当这些便宜的衣服与那件贵的一样好时，去买那件贵的是不明智的。
(=It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive
coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.)
Leave it to Beaver: one of the most
popular series in television history in the US,
first shown in
1957
hitch a ride: to
try to get a ride in a passing vehicle while
standing at the side of a road,
generally by
either sticking out one’s finger or thumb or
holding a sign with one’s stated
destination
Big Mac: a hamburger sold by the
international fast-food chain McDonald’s. It is
one of the
company’s signature products. It
consists of two 45.4g beef patties, special “Mac”
sauce, iceberg
lettuce, American cheese,
pickles, and onions, all served on a three part
sesame seed bun.
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