全新版大学英语综合教学课件4课后习题-答案~
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全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案
Unit 1
I. Vocabulary
1.
1) alliance
2) at the cost of
3) stroke
4) limp
5) minus 6)
regions
7) declarations 8)
siege
9) raw
10) bide his time
11) have taken their
toll 12) in the case of
2.
1) is faced with 2) get bogged
down
3) is pressing on pressed on 4)
drag on
5) get by 6) dine
out
7) have cut back 8) get
through
3.
1) The rapid advance in
gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in
the near future.
2) Production in many
factories has been brought to a halt by the
delayed arrival of raw materials
due to the
dock workers’ strike.
3) Sara has made up her
mind that her leisure interests willshould never
get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the
reporter's question caught the foreign minister
off guard.
5) The introduction of the
electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule
out of date.
4.
1) Being faced with
an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to
give up the occupation of big
cities and
retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to
build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the
efficient operation of an organization. Failure to
reckon with this problem
will weaken its
strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a
halt by constant internal struggle
in an
organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic
battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory
against the
fact, this battle turned the tide
in the Second World War. During this famous
battle, the
Soviet troops withstood the German
siege and weakened the German army by launching a
series of
counterattacks.
II. More
Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World
War, battles occurred here and there over vast
areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took
place in the gloomy trenches of France and
Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful
preparations for the interview and her efforts
homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to
talk him into accepting the settlement, but he
turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4)
Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I
wondered how her fragile body could
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withstand the harsh weather.
III.
Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill
that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two
weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3)
It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when
he was at work.
4) Don't sit too close to the
fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,
especially if you fall
asleep.
5) In those
days people believed in marrying young and having
children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to
sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Structure
1.
1) To his great
delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild
rice that can increase the yield by
30
percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter
had left the building before it collapsed.
3)
To our disappointment, our women's team lost out
to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to
our regret, that we will not be able to visit you
during the coming Christmas.
2.
1) These
birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the)
east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's
Liberation Army had gained control of the vast
areas north of the Yangtze
River.
3)
Michelle was born in a small village in the north
of France, but came to live in the United
States at the age of four.
4) The
Columbia River rises in western Canada and
continuesruns through the United States for
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky
Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
Cloze
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon
with
(B)
1. allow
3. highly
5.
rapidly
7. delivery
9. observing
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.
2..reckoned
sts
t
age
ul
stand in the way
catching... off his guard
declaration
drag on
bringing...to a
halt
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II. Translation
1) Mr.
Doherty and his family are currently engaged in
getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2)
We must not underestimate the enemy. They are
equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been cut of a jobNot having had a
job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly
desperate.
4) Sam, as the project
manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in
his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was
identified as the source of solution, the village
neighborhood
committee decided to close it
down at the cost of 100 jobs.
The
offensive had already lasted three days, but we
had not gained much ground. Our troops
engaging the enemy at the front were faced
with strongfiercestiff resistance. The division
commander instructed our battalion to get
around to the rear of the enemy and launch a
surprise
attack. To do so, however, we had to
cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we
might get
bogged down in the mud. Our
battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We
started under
cover of darkness and pressed on
in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of
luck, the temperature at
night suddenly
dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh
froze over. Thanks to the cold
weather, we
arrived at our destination before dawn and began
attacking the enemy from the rear.
This turned
the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off
guard, soon surrendered.
Unit 2
I. Vocabulary
1.
ion 2. automated 3.
vapor 4. take control of
5. hazards 6.
satellite ed ic
9. bunched 10. in the
air 11. got stuck in imately
2.
1.
send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for
4. were closing in on 5. starting up
6. went through 7. fill out 8. fall into
3.
1) the application, remote, has
turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that
vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are
mounted in, alert a, hazard
II.
Word
formation
Kilogram
Memorandum
Gymnasium
Liberation
Doctor
Veterinarian
Medical care
Electronic
mail
Communications satellite
News
broadcast
Sky hijack
European dollar
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Preparatory
Automobile
influenza
Breakfast and lunch
Television broadcast
Oxford and Cambridge
III. Usage
1) swimming pool
2 )
drawing board
3 ) enriched Middle English
4 ) disturbing change
5 ) fully developed
prototype
6 ) Canned foods
7 ) working
population
8 ) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1)
computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to
4) alert
5) hazards 6) monotonous 7)
take control of 8) steer
9) lane
10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect
16) vapor
1) generates 2) related
3) revolutionized 4) enabled
5)
opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing
8) dependent
9) interact 10)
fatalities
II. Translation
1) There
was an unusual quietness in the air, except for
the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The
expansion of urban areas in some African countries
has been causing a significant fall in
living
standards and an increase in social problems.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon
dioxide levels are closely correlated with global
temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus
service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute
recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of
the diving board, poised to jump at the signal
from the coach.
Automobiles have, since
their invention, revolutionized transportation,
changing forever the way
people live, travel,
and do business. On the other hand, they have
brought hazards, especially
highway
fatalities. However, today the application of
computer technology and electronic sensors in
designing and manufacturing cars makes it
possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents.
For
example, electronic sensors mounted in
your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and
refuse to start
up the engine. They can also
monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals
sent out from
orbiting satellites and greatly
reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic
jams.
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Unit 3
I.
Vocabulary
1) rude 2) physically
3) structure 4) made a difference
5)
blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable
8) prospective
9) preparations 10) Sparkled
11) took a crack at 12) partner
1) go
after 2) look back aton 3) be put up 4)
stood for
5) build in 6) follow up
7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
1)
grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she
could one day dance in the King’s palace
3)
will be in readers' hands soon
4) do your
homework before going on an interview.
5) was
in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
1）applicants, veteran, the prospective
2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor
to goafter
3) as the saying goes, to have a
crack at, barely
1. Behave 2. used to
avoid repetition 3. clean
4. get along 5.
performcomplete 6. performcomplete
7. Study 8.
be enough 9. be acceptable
Structure
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to
know where to ,I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your
beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have
something here
for you.
3. The new
computer language can be quite easily understood
by anyone who can read the daily
, why is this
an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the
outline and will let you know how it the way, I
will see you in
February, as I plan to attend
your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the ,
how to maximize your profits with as little effort
as possible?
6. Chris is back from ntally,
those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(1) Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done
your homework (4) beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6)
structure
(7) Partners (8) Respond
(9)
take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11)
make a difference (12) follow up
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(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant
(4) samples
(5) references (6) advice(7)
preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10)
exhibit
II. Translation
1)
Despite thein adequate length of the airstrip in
this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed
to stop the plane after taxiing for only a
short while.
2)Grilled by the reporters, the
movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had
undergone two plastic
surgeries.
3) We
have the technology and our partner has the g
together, we’ll have the future in
our hands.
4) If I had known beforehand that you would
bring so many friends home, I would have made
better
preparations. You see, I have barely
enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People
gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms
with stronger structures were to be
built in
the earthquake-stricken area.
Well
begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is
extremely important for a job applicant to do his
homework while seeking my standpoint, whether
or not one has done his
homework clearly makes
a difference in his chance of success.
I
have a friend who is earning somewhere in the
neighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a large
computer software company. He told me that
from his own experience the decision makers who
interview prospective employees like people
who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor
to
learn as much about his prospective
employer as possible don’t have much of a chance
of success.
Unit 4
I. Vocabulary
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3)
witnessingvanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled
6) displace
7) Establishment 8)
patrioticstrengthen
9) contradictions
10) aspires
11) divorced 12)
pendulums
1) come to 2) dozed
off
3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7)
clean up 8) turn away
1) For
me, it makes nolittle difference whether we go
there by train or by bus.
2) Toyata has
overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest
car maker.
3) Shortly after their marriage,
Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money
matters.
4) Henry has been at the forefront
of nanotechnology research.
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5)
She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let
alone cook a meal.
a) is increasinglyto acceleratetheir
investment
b) economymake an
earnestdomesticstrike a balance between
c) a
handful ofbe endorsed byon a large scale
II.
Word formation
WTO
GDP
ATM
VAT
CAD
IT
IDD
MTV
Radar
IOC
VIP
Laser
CPU
World Trade
Organization
Gross domestic product
Automated teller machine
Value-added tax
Computer-aided design
Information
technology
International direct dialing
Music television
Radio detecting and
ranging
International Olympic Committee
Very important person
Light amplification
by stimulated emission of
radiation
Central processing unit
世界贸易组织
国内生产总值
自动出纳机
增值税
计算机辅助设计
信息技术
国际直拨电话
音乐电视
雷达
国际奥委会
贵宾，大人物
激光
中央处理器
III. Usage
1) An unusual
present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for
his birthday.
2) The reason(he gave) that he
didn’t notice the car till too late was
unsatisfactory.
3) Football, his only interest
in life, has brought him many friends.
4)
Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades
ago, then dismissed, something that serious
scientists thought was simply not going to
happen anytime soon.
Comprehensive
Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. academics
2.
networking
3.a variety of
4.
growth
5. vanish
6.f
acilitate
7. endorsing
8.
outlook
9. sweeping aside
10.
patriotic
11. erasing
12.
strike a balance
(B)
1.
aided
ces
5. invested
s
4.
connected
6. features
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7.
prevailing
9. volume
8. qualitatively
10. Distinguishing
II. Translation
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the
European economy, John has moved his assets from
Europe to elsewhere.
2) I like hiring
young people. They are earnest learners and
committed to work.
3) Unlike her girl friends
who center their lives on their children, Mary
cares more about her
personal growth.
4)
Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues
are at odds with you?
5) The Chinese
government has introduced a variety of policies to
strengthen cooperation with
developing
countries.
Globalization has great
implications for young Chinese. For example, young
farmers are moving
on a large scale to urban
areas to look for jobs. And for those young people
who aspire to study
abroad or work in foreign-
invested enterprises, English has become
increasingly important. At the
same time, a
considerable number of overseas Chinese students
have returned home in recent years,
for they
hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term
growth of the Chinese economy. The internet
has strengthened the links between Chinese
young people and those elsewhere. They follow the
latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some
of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese
virtues, let alone carry them forward, which
has given rise to worries that the traditional
Chinese
culture might one day vanish.
Unit 5
I. Vocabulary
1) In a way
2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good
condition
5) transparent 6) rub
7) spicy 8) hitherto
9) with (a) bad
grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12)
current
1) turned up 2) will stick to
3) brought back 4)go about
5) driving at
6) put away 7) over 8) took aback
1) has a very weak constitution --- she
may not be able to survive the operation.
2)
was taken aback by the insurance company’s
rejection of my compensation claim
3) was
something of a surprise when we ran into each
other in a place like that.
4) needs trimming
to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.
5) are
often deceptive
1) Oddly enough went
broke wrinkled he had gone all to pieces
2)
definite is capable of her vanity
3) too mild
sipping stroke
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II. Usage
1. Except for 2. except that 3. except
4. except when
5. except to 6. except
what 7. except where 8. except that
III.
vocabulary
AmE
apartment
can
candy
elevator
faculty
first floor
gas, gasoline
mail
railroad
pants
subway
corn
store
BrE
flat
tin
sweets
lift
staff (of a university)
ground floor
petrol
post
railway
trousers
tube, underground
maize
shop
spelling
AmE
favorable
paralyze
labor
meter
catalog
leveling
theater
defense
plow
program
practice (v.)
characterize
tire
BrE
favourable
paralyse
labour
metre
catalogue
levelling
theatre
defence
plough
programme
practise
characterise
tyre (on a car)
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. insane 2. current 3.
candid 4. capable
5. was taken
aback 6. in good condition 7. constitution
8. go all to pieces
9. gone broke
10. vacancy 11. mild 12.
deceptive
1. suspected 2. pleading
3. confirmed 4. stunned 5. lucrative
6. jewellery 7. wealthy 8. urge
9. spell 10. Arrested
II.
Translation
1) I have an instinct that Henry
will seek to join the expedition, because he is
something of an
adventurer.
2) He is
capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if
he is exposed to noises.
3) The trademark was
registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in
force.
4) Oddly enough, many people
volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only
a few turned up.
5) The teacher’s affectionate
words, along with his candid comments, changed the
way Mike
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perceived the society
and himself.
For my own part, I find
that appearances are all too often deceptive. For
instance, you might be
wrong if you judged by
appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton.
In appearance, he
seemed a man all of a piece.
He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and
mild blue eyes, gentle
and candid.
Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He
insulted and fooled Lenny who was
down and out
and made him commit himself to an insane venture.
What was still more surprising
was that he was
completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without
doubt, Burton was a man with a
heart of stone.
Unit ６
I. Vocabulary
1)
appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4)
distribution
5) prosperity 6) decorate
7) famine 8) large quantities of a large
quantity of
9) streamline 10) fax
11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
1) eat into 2) cling to
3)
stand out stood out 4) wears away
5) set
about 6) switch off
7) will be
turned loose 8) poured in
１）is
forecast to be below average next year, which at
the moment is 4 percent.
２）to enter the
building and find the baby girl proved futile as
rescuers were driven out by the heat
and
flames.
３）was urged to divert some of its
attention from expanding production and get more
involved with
issues of market demand.
４）can really eat heavily into your profits
when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at
￡2,000.
５）has toiled endlessly over the
exercise machine for the last twenty years in
order to keep her body
in shape.
reaction to; discontent; provoked
Convention; evading tax; the confines of
a
burden; are always on the go seem forever on the
go; to cope
II. Confusable Words
1.
1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress
4) tension
2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3)
honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6)
Honorary
III. Usage
１）Dealing with
the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it
sensible, we may ask, to spend large
sums of
money to save some species – be it an elephant or
an orchid – in a nation in which a large
proportion of the population is living below
the poverty line?
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２）This new
technology could be used anywhere large numbers of
people need to be quickly
screened --- at
airports, train stations, bus terminals or border
crossings. However, experts suspect,
there is
also the risk that people will learn to fool the
machine the same way they try to fool
polygraph readings by controlling their breath
or taking drugs to relax themselves.
３）With a
high percentage of marriages ending in divorce,
often due to financial difficulties, you
would
say that money is a big factor in making a good
marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money
that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your
philosophy of life that does.
４）Not all the
risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites
promoting violence are just a click
away, and
may include instructions for making bombs and
other destructive devices.
Comprehensive
Exercises
I. Cloze
1) switch off 2)
obliged 3) on the go 4) cope
5)
shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in
8) by nature
9) fraction 10) futile
1) advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully
4)waking
5)includes 6) schedule 7)
sticking 8)priorities
9) set 10)
respect
II. Translation
１）They are
exploring the new frontiers of medical science in
an attempt to find remedies for
incurable
diseases cures for diseases that are beyond remedy
so far.
２）Her unique teaching methods apart,
Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram
knowledge
into my head.
３）The regular
weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps
us up with the changes of weather
wherever we
go on a trip.
４）The appalling explosion
started a big fire and caused the partial collapse
of the building.
５）In the modern world, there
are more ways than ever to waste away time, and
all kinds of
distractions are eating into our
precious time.
Today we are under
constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce
more, and to possess more.
Lots of people hold
the wrong perception that happiness lies in
working hard and earning well good
money.
Many women today feel the same stress to work and
get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture
their offspring and shoulder the burden of
domestic responsibilities.
Research shows that
workaholism tends to distance us from our
immediate families. It forces us to
toil
longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction
of our time to be physically and emotionally
available to our loved ones. Intimacy among
family members is doomed to die in the process.
Unit ７
I. Vocabulary
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1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity
4. sacred; mourn
5. Coated 6. perish
7. hijack 8. grief
9. farewell
10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced
1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went
off 4. are gaining on
5. bring down 6.
blotted out 7. think back on 8. picking at
1. brought down the American housing market in
2008
2. what will happen after his son steps
into his shoes?
3. not in the mood to go out
4. long before the market began to show signs
of weakness
5. mourn the loss of the tranquil
life we had in the countryside
1. in the
aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic
2.
armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives
3. in
the space of; no illusion
II. Collocation
1. a little of
5. many
9. few of
2. a few; most of many of
6. many of
10. Some
3.
much
7. much of
4.
few
8. little
III. Usage
As the boy
grew older
she sings as beautifully as a
nightingale sings like a nightingale
they
don’t see themselves as servants of the people
As she had left her key in the office
Just
do as you are told
Areas once regarded as
rural
as they do in China
As he was brave
and loyal as well
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. mood
5. toppling
9. mourning
1. crashed
6. utterly
2. tragic
6. solidarity
10. perished
2.
horrible
7. truly
3. in the
(immediate) aftermath of 4. chaos
7. take
revenge on 8. thinking back on
3.
harsh
8. justify
4. protect
9. rewarded
5. remove
10. devastating
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II. Translation
1) Some
high-ranking officers of the armed forces started
a coup, toppling the government and
throwing
the country into chaos.
2) The falling market
shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly
3) Thinking back on the history of World War
II, we can see that the formation of the Allies
was
the natural product of the development of
political and military circumstances then.
4)
Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious
fanatic. But as he was in no mood for q quarrel
not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended
not to hear it．
５） People say that time heals
all wounds. But for those who have lost their
loved ones in the event,
will time fill up the
void in their hearts?
Today, long after
the earthquake shook hit my tome-town, I can
still recall, in crystal detail,
what I saw as
I ran out of my home with my parents. The building
just across the street toppled right
before
our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of
choking dust blotted out the sun.
Horror-
stricken people ran in all directions, crying and
screaming.
Now, many years after that tragic
event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the
old one. In
the town square, a memorial has
been build to remember those killed in the
disaster. It seems the
wounds in people’s
hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.
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