高级英语下课件Lesson4
贵州专科学校-幼儿园春季开学通知
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Lesson four The Tragedy of Old Age in
America
一、Words and Expressions
e不利的,相反的,敌对的
contrary,opposing,hostile
adverse wind circumstances 逆风,逆境
ely
ity逆境,不幸,苦难unfavorable condition
to
keepremain cheerful in adversity
to face
adversity with courage
ary 对手,敌手opponent
He defeated his old adversary.
ary任意的(at
random),专横的dictatorial
an arbitrary rulerpower
ariness
ade 阻止,阻碍（barrier）
erect the
barricades
barricade of sth.
They
barricaded themselves in their rooms.
barricade 设障碍封锁……
The police barricaded
off the entrance to the square.
rhindrance
Poor health is a barrier to success.
culturallanguage barrier隔阂
barrier of race
and religion
to terms with .= reach an
agreement
ve 保存,保护,节约使用
conserve wildlife
保护野生动物
preserve（保护,保持,保存）deserve（值得）
gent
(up)on sth.依……情况而定,视……而定的,有条件的
dependent on
success is contingent upon your continued help.
gency 偶发事件
contingency plansarrangements
应变计划安排
of living:expense,expenditure
at
the cost of sth.以……为代价
cover the cost
tate
使虚弱make
a debilitating illness
Huge debts
are debilitating our economy.
ty 虚弱,衰弱
After operation,she suffered from general
debility.
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n.缺点,毛病,瑕疵fault,shortcoming
a defect of
character
a defect of education system
ive:imperfect,incomplete
be defective in
sth.
be defective in one's character
Her
hearing is found to be slightly defective.她的听力稍弱。
ively
e sth.:take from sb.
dispossess sth.
Someone is deprived of
civil rights
ation
（1）suffer deprivation
of one's rights as a citizen
（2）widespread
deprivation caused by unemployment = poverty
（3） Missing the holiday is a great
deprivation.= loss
ed:poor 贫困的
a deprived
area
The poorest and most deprived area will
receive government's help.
te:deserted
荒芜人烟的,孤独凄凉的
a desolate arealife
We all
felt desolate after he left.
v.使荒凉
an area
desolated by war（该地区由于饱受战争摧残而满目苍夷。）
tely
tion:misery,loneliness
desolation caused
by war 战争造成的满目苍夷
y
beneath one's dignity
y 使有尊严
a ceremony dignified by the
presence of the ambassador
因大使的光临而生辉的典礼
I
wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel.
ied 高贵的,有尊严的graceful,elegant
a dignified
personwalk
se 诊断 diagnose sth.
diagnose
the tumor as benign 诊断该肿瘤为良性的
ses诊断,诊断书
make one's diagnosis 进行诊断
a doctor skilled
in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生
stic
diagnostic
trainingskill
symptom症状
pant:different
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pancy:difference
discrepancy between A and B
There are many discrepancies between the two
versions of the affair.对这个事件的
两种说法有很大出入。
ate:destroy tely; eliminate; put an end to
Smallpox has already been eradicated.
The
government is taking effective actions to
eradicate crimes.
ation
ism:use of
pleasant,mild,polite or indirect words or phrases
in place of
more direct ones without hurting
others'feelings.
istic
languagetermsexpressionswords
istically
iating 极度的,剧烈的 intense,acute
an excruciating
headache
excruciating misery
iatingly
存在,生存,生活
Does life exist on Mars?
We cannot exist without water and on sth.:live on
or depend on
Fish exists on water.
He
exists on rice and water.
I can hardly exist
on the wages I get.
nce adj. existent =
existing 现存的,现有的
existential adj.存在主义的
existentialism n.存在主义 existentialist 存在主义者
He is an existentialist.
He holds
existentialist views.
(n.折痕 v.折叠)——unfold
(v.打开)——folder n.纸夹,文件夹
stand n.架,座,台
a hat standan umbrella standa music stand 乐谱架
欺骗,骗子deceiving lly
fraudulent ful,dishonest
a fraudulent display of sympathy 假惺惺的同情
lence lently
l 履行,实现,完成
fulfill
one's promiseduty a commandan obligation
满足
fulfill the terms of a contract:satisfymeet the
requirements of sth.满足合
同条款的要求
fulfill
the conditions of entry to a university
具备某大学的入学条件
fulfill oneself:fully develop
one's abilities or character
He was able to
fulfill himself through music.音乐能使他发挥自己的才能
ling:successful
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achieve—achievement
accomplish—accomplishment
:n.漏斗,烟囱
through a funnel or a narrow space
The water
funneled through the gorge and out onto the plain.
水穿过峡谷流到平原。
funnel petrol into a can
g（n.住房）
Schooling（n.学校教育,学费）
ate
使感到羞耻,不光彩make d
He felt humiliated by her
scornful remarks.
他听到她嘲讽的话觉得丢了脸。
a country
humiliated by defeat 因战败而受辱的国家
atinga
humiliating experience
ationsuffer public
humiliation 当众受辱
削弱,损害 weaken or damage
Loud noise can impair your hearing.
ment
ion
control curb inflation
ionary
inherent in sth.
ntly
expectancy（预期寿命）
life span
lull
sth.
lull us into a false sense of security
lull do sth.使安静
lull a baby to sleep
哄孩子睡觉
:property,belongings,possessions
means test
by means of
hospital:asylum 精神病院,政治避难所,收容所
:perverse
病态的,不正常的
a morbid imagination
ly
ude
A Multitude of .:extremely large number of
A large multitude had assembled to hear him
preach.= a large number of people
Vast
multitudes of birds visit this lake in spring.
the multitude 群众,大众
a speech appealing to
the multitude
zese处罚(punish) ,尤指比赛中的判罚
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People who drive when they are drunk should be
heavily penalized.
penalize doing sth.
ydeath penalty
penalty area 罚球区penalty kick
罚点球
penalty clause 合同中违约罚款的规定
e 先于
This point has been dealt with in the
preceding paragraph.
precede with sth.=
begin start with
He preceded his speech
with a vote of thanks to the committee.
ing
ative 特权 right or privilege
A monarch
has a prerogative of pardoning criminals.
君主享有对罪犯的赦免权。
the royal prerogative
ssion:development,advancement,growth
progression from team's progression to the first
division 该队晋
升为甲级队
Adolescence is the
period of progression from childhood to
adulthood.过渡期
re 使放心
reassure sth.
reassure that:remove one's doubts or fears
The police reassured her about her child's
safety.
A glance in the mirror reassured him
that his tie was not crooked（戴歪）.
ringly
a reassuring pat on the back.
ardly
enough
pay scant attention to one's advice
with scant regard for my feelings 不大理会我的感情
十足的；赤裸裸的；荒凉的desolate,bare
十足的,完全的complete,utter,downright
stark
madness 彻底的疯狂
adv.完全地stark madnesscrazy
ity
t:exist,stay alive 存活
subsist on sth.
How do you manage to subsist
on such a low wage?
He subsisted mainly on
vegetables and fruit.
tence
subsistence level勉强糊口的生活水平（维持生活的最低水平）
up to
the standard（合格,达到标准） below the standard
44.v. :work hard
toil away at over sth.
We toiled away all afternoon to get ready
for our guests.
The students are toiling
over their homework（辛苦地做功课）
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（治疗） the patient
cure（治疗）the disease
二、Text
What is it like to be old in the
United States? What will our own lives be like
when
we are old? Americans find it difficult
to think about old age until they are propelled
into the midst of it by their own aging and
that of relatives and is the
neglected
stepchild of the human life we have begun to
examine the socially
taboo subjects of dying
and death,we have leaped over that long period of
time preceding
death known as old
truchtruth,it is easier to manage the problem of
death than
the problem of living as an old is
a dramatic one-time crisis while old
age is a
day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with
powerful external and internal
forces,a
bittersweet coming to terms with one's own
personality and one's life.
(1)y 悲剧,悲惨
悲惨的,悲剧的
(2)old age:senior citizen老年人
(3)be propelled into
Propel v.推进,驱使
(4)leap over跳过
(5)confront with sth.面临,面对
Questions:
is it like to be old in
the United States?
Those of us who are not
old barricade ourselves from discussions of old
age by
declaring the subject morbid,boring or
in poor sm and euphemism are other
common
will speak of looking forward to their
elderly
are described respectfully ascitizensagers
elders
one hears of old people who are
considered inspirations and examples of how
towell
oris the popularly accepted opinion that
Social Security and pensions
provide a comp
for tablecomfortable and reliable flow of funds so
the elderly have few
financial re has lulled
the population into reassuring itself that the
once terrible financial burdens of late-life
illnesses are now isements
and travel folders
show relaxed,happy,well-dressed older people
enjoying
recreation,travel and their they are
no longer living in the old family
home,they
are pictured as delighted residents of retirement
communities with names like
Leisure Would
World and Sun City,with lots of grass,clean air
and is the American
ideal of the
through
their workdays.
But this is not the full
story.A second theme runs through the popular view
of old
colloquialisms reveal a great
deal:once you are old you are
the
hill
crock
old,middle-aged people declaring
they want to die after they have passed their
prime,and
numbers of old people wishing they
were dead.
can we possibly conclude from
these discrepant points of view?
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Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a
combination of wishful thinking and
stark
base our feelings on primitive fears,prejudice and
stereotypes rather
than on knowledge and
reality,the way one experiences old age is
contingent
upon physical
health,personality,earlier-life experiences,the
actual circumstances of
late-life events(in
what order they occur,how they occur,when they
occur) and the social
supports one
receives:adequate finances,shelter,medical
care,social roles,religious
support, of these
are crucial and interconnected elements which
together
determine the quality of late life.
are the interconnected elements that
determine the quality of late life?
Old age
is neither inherently miserable nor inherently
sublime—like every stage
of life it has
problems,joys,fears and process of aging and
eventual death
must ultimately be accepted as
the natural progression of the life cycle,the old
completing their prescribed life spans and
making way for the that is unique
in old age
in fact derives from the reality of aging and the
imminence of old
must clarify and find use
for what they have attained in a lifetime of
learning and
adapting; they must conserve
strength and resources where necessary and adjust
creatively
to those changes and losses that
occur as part of the aging elderly have
the
potential for qualities of human reflection and
observation which can only come frorm
having
lived an entire life is a lifetime accumulation
of personality and
experience which is
available to be used and enjoyed.
(6)in poor
taste乏味的
(7)conclude结束,终止,决定
(8)sum
up计算...的总数,概括,总结 as
(9)base on sth.基于
(10)go hand in
hand与...共同行动；与...相配合；与...一致；与...结合在一起
do
you think are the potentials in late life?
But what are an individual's chances for aold age
in America,with satisfying
final years and a
dignified death? Unfortunately,none too many
elderly Americans
old age is a tragedy,a
period of quiet despair,deprivation,desolation and
muted
can be a consequence of the kind of
life a person has led in younger years and the
problems
in his or her relationships with are
also inevitable personal and physical
losses
to be sustained,some of which can become
overwhelming and of this
is the individual
factor,the existential old age is frequently a
tragedy
even when the early years have been
fulfilling and people seemingly have everything
going
for lies what I consider to be the
genuine tragedy of old age in America—we
have
shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live
in when one is tragedy
of old age is not the
fact that each of us must grow old and die but
that the process
of doing so has been made
unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly
painful,humiliating,debilitating and isolating
through insensitivity,ignorance and
potentials for satisfactions and even triumphs in
the life are real and vastly
the most part
the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable
world.
Are things really that bad? Let's
begin by looking at the basic daily requirements
for y or drastically lowered income and old
age go hand in
who are poor all their lives
remain poor as they grow of us realize
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we do not realize is that these poor are
joined by multitudes of people who become poor
only after growing Social Security becomes
the sole or primary income,it means
subsistence-level styles for many,and recent
increases do not keep up with soaring costs
of
e pension plans often do not pay off,and pension
payments that do come
in are not tied to
inflationary decreases in buying s can be wiped
out by
a single unexpected January,1971,half
of the elderly,or over 10 million
people,lived
on less than $$ 75 a week,or $$ 10 per lived on far
less..Even the
relatively well-off are not
assured of an income that will support them.
(11)be assured of sth.确定,保证
(12)turn
out打扫,驱逐,使外倾,,生产,结果,翻出
(13) bias against偏见
(14) dump sth.倾倒
(15)yell at对...吼叫
(16)as a result 结果
(17)end up竖着,结束,死
(18)retirement benefit退休金
(19)make up
of sth.构成,组成
It has been estimated that at
least 30 per cent of the elderly live in
substandard
more must deprive themselves of
essentials to keep their homes in repair.
The American dream promised older people that if
they worked hard enough all their
lives,things
would turn out well for 's elderly were brought up
to believe
in pride,self-reliance and are
tough,determined individuals who
manage to
survive against even the tough ones reach a point
where help
should be available to them.
Age discrimination in employment is
unrestrained,with arbitrary retirement
practices and bias against hiring older people
for available security
penalizes the old by
reducing their income checks as soon as they earn
more than $$2,400
a -training programs don't
want the elderly (or the middle-aged,for that
matter),so there is no opportunity to learn
new ers rarely make concessions
for the
possible physical limitations of otherwise
valuable older employees,and instead
they are
fired,retired or forced to resign.
It is
obvious that the old get sick more frequently and
more severely than the
young,and 86 per cent
have chronic health problems of varying health
problems,while significant,are largely
treatable and for the most part do not impair
the capacity to re pays for only 45 per cent
of older people's health expenses;
the balance
must come from their own incomes and savings,or
from Medicaid,which requires
a humiliating
means test.A serious illness can mean instant
prescribed
outside of hospitals,hearing
aids,glasses,dental care and podiatry are not
covered at
all under is prejudice against the
old by doctors and other medical
personnel who
don't like to bother with atrists and mental-
health personnel
typically assume that the
mental problems of the old are analysts,the
elite of the psychiatric profession,rarely
accept them as l schools and
other teaching
institutions find themhospitals are well known
for dumping thepatientinto municipal
hospitals; municipal hospitals in turn
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funnel them into nursing homes,mental
hospitals and chronic-disease institutions without
the adequate diagnostic and treatment effort
which might enable them to return
s who do
remain at home while in ill health have serious
difficulties in
getting social,medical and
psychiatric services brought directly to them.
Problems large and small confront the are
ease easy targets for crime
in the streets and
in their e of loneliness,confusion,hearing and
visual
difficulties they are prime victims of
dishonest door-to-door salesmen and fraudulent
advertising,and buy defective hearing
aids,dance
lessons,useless
supplements
yelled at by
impatient bus drivers for their slowness in
climbing on and off c
lights turn red before
they can get across the ing doors move too
s
usually have no elevators or escalators.
Old
women fare worse than old have an average life
expectancy of seven
years longer than men and
tend to marry men older than themselves; so two-
thirds (six
million) of all older women are
widowed they do not have the same social
prerogatives as older men to date and marry
those who are a result,they are
likely to end
up alone—an ironic turn of events when one
remembers that most of them
were raised from
childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable
income
levels of older working women are
generally lower than those of men; many never
worked
outside the home until their children
were grown and then only at unskilled,low-paying
who worked all their lives typically received
low wages,with lower Social
Security and
private retirement benefits as a 1973,housewives
who were
widowed received only 82.5 per cent
of their husbands'Social Security benefits even
though they were full-time home-makers.
Black,Mexican-American and American Indian elderly
all have a lower life expectancy
than
whites,due to their socioeconomic gh the life
expectancy of
67.5 years for white men
remained the same from 1960 to 1968,the life
expectancy for
black men declined a full year
during that time (from 61.1 to 60.0).blacks Blacks
of
all ages make up 11per cent of the total
United States population,but they constitute
only 7.8 per cent of the life expectancy for
Mexican-Americans is estimated
at 57 years,and
for American Indians at 44 do not live long
enough to be
eligible for the benefits of
Social Security and y is the
attention is
paid to their particular cultural interests and
heritage.
Asian-American elderly
(Chinese,Japanese,Korean,Filipino and Samoan) are
victims
of a public impression that they are
independently cared for by their families and
therefore do not need r,patterns of
immigration by Asian-Americans to this
country,the cultural barriers,language
problems and discrimination they have faced have
all taken a toll of their elderly and their
is particularly true of older
Chinese men,who
were not allowed to bring their wives and families
with them to the United
States or to
intermarry.
三、Exercises
the following questions on the text:
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old age an enjoyable part of the life-span in the
U.S.?
No.
old age a tragedy for the
rich Americans?
for the relatively well-off
people,economy is still a big burden for them.
life expectancy closely related to living
standards?
Yes.
in the blank
in each sentence with the best word or expression
from the box
below,changing its form when
necessary:
conserve inherent toil
defective
lull unbearable eradicate
penalize
Vary impair subsistence
interconnect
must _______ forests
not only for the present but for future
generations.(conserve:保护,节约)
is
expected to be _______from the world in the coming
century.
two daughters'sweet words
________King Lear into believing that they really
loved him more than anything in the world.
whole class was ________for not being able
to keep the classroom clean and
tidy.
oking will _______the flavor and taste of the
slaves _______day
and night pulling heavy
blocks of stone to the construction site (建筑工地) of
the
pyramids.
problems they encounter
are _______in the economic system.
must
bear in mind (记住) that there are still millions of
people who still live
at _______level.
the right word or expression in the
brackets in each of the following
sentences:
underground pipes are
(interrelated,interconnected).
Interrelated:有关联的
Interconnected:互相连接的
r power is (inherently,naturally) both dangerous
and powerful.
Inherently:天生的,固有的
Naturally:自然的
(one-time,once) bus driver is
now a famous pop singer.
one-
time:adj.过去的,从前的
once:adv.不能做定语
film
is (based,established) on a novel by Lu Xun.
Based:based on 在……基础上
d children will not
manage to live against (difficulty,adversity).
Adversity:逆境
got the job by
(false,fraudulent) means; he aid he had ten years
of working
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experience.
problems of
all ages are not totally (untreatable,incurable).
根据词义搭配,problem 用treat,disease用cure
students are advised to (conserve,preserve) water
and electricity.
Conserve:保护,珍惜,使之不减少或消失,灭绝等,可用于指自然资源;
Preserve:保存,使之不变质或被践踏等
ate the
following into English:
生命周期包括生、老、死。死是人生不可避免
的结局。衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的
一个阶段。死亡在几秒中内发生,但是老年却是一个长过程
,这个过程意味着疾病、贫困、孤独。
广告和折页旅行指南展示了轻松快乐、衣着讲究的老人享受着文娱
、旅游和儿孙之乐。但是穷苦
的老人却不可能享受这一切。他们到了老年还必须为生存而奋斗。许多老年
人为了生存,在一个
冷漠的世界上挣扎着。现在世界上的老年人越来越多,老年人的问题正引起各国政府
的关注。
Life cycle includes birth,old age and
is an inevitable end of
s of aging is a
neglected stage in human life may happen in
seconds,but agedness is a long process,which
means disease,poverty,and
isement and travel
folders show relaxed,happy and well-dressed old
men
are enjoying recreation,travel and life
with their poor old men cannot
enjoy all of
must struggle for survival in their old order to
survive
in this world,many old men are
struggling in the inhospitable the world,old
population is increasing,and the problem of
old people is arousing the attention of the
governments of all countries.