unit2thefuntheyhadforstudents)商务英语课件

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Unit 2
The Virtues of Growing Older
Section One Pre-reading Activities
Words and Expressions
1. aging n. the process of becoming old
e.g. People want to figure out whether doing sports can influence aging in the body.
Comparison:
elderly a. a polite word meaning old
e.g. The building has now been converted into a retirement home for the elderly.
senior citizen a polite expression meaning old people

2. dread vt. feel great fear or anxiety about
e.g. The little girl dreads sleeping alone.
The staff in this company dread to think what will happen if the financial crisis comes.
Derivation:
dreadful a.
Synonym:
fear, frighten

3. distinct a. noticeable, unmistakable
e.g. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh.
Collocation:
distinct from sth. different in kind; separate
e.g. Mozart’s style is quite distinct from Haydn’s.
Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.
天文学是一门严谨的科学,与占星术完全不同。
Derivation:
distinction n.
distinctly ad.

Sentences
1. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in
our hair. (Paragraph 1)
Explanation: Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay: Grecian Formula is a popular men’s hair coloring
product in the United States, first introduced in 1961 and is still made. One of its main features is
that it works gradually so the color change is not noticeable as with dye products. Olay originated
in South Africa as Oil of Olay. It was known as Oil of Olay until 1999 in South Africa and North
America, and Oil of Ulay in the United Kingdom. It is a brand based around facial moisturizer and
skin care products. It claims to have the effect of helping people to stay looking young.
Translation: 广告使我们相信,只要购买了希腊处方染发剂和玉兰油就能使我们青春永驻。

3. gladly sign with the devil just to be young again (Paragraph 2)
Explanation: Literally, the phrase means to sign a contract with the devil, so that the devil would
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help you become young again in exchange for your soul. In the text the phrase is metaphorically
used to mean be willing to do anything (even bad) to become young again.

Paragraph 3
4. be obsessed with have an unreasonably strong and continuous interest in particular things or
persons
e.g. The new president was obsessed with the thought of being watched.
新主席总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。
Derivation:
obsession n.
obsessive a.
Translation:
她童年时一直害怕父母离异。
The fear of her parents’ divorce obsessed her throughout her childhood.
Synonym:
preoccupy, haunt

5. perfect vt. make sth. perfect
e.g. Nowadays, more and more foreigners come to China to perfect their Chinese.
Derivation:
perfection n.
perfectible a.
Comparison:
improve vt. cause sth. to become better
refine vt. improve sth. by removing defects and attending to details

6. turn into change completely and become sth. else
e.g. After years’ development, Shenzhen, which used to be a small village, has turned into an
international metropolis.
Synonym:
change into, become
Comparison:
turn against sb. 与某人反目成仇
turn sth inside out 把里面翻作外面
turn (sb. sth.) over (使某人某物)翻身或翻转

7. diet
vi. eat less in order to lose weight
e.g. The doctor told the patient to diet and take some exercise.
n. the type of food that a person regularly eats
e.g. Exercise and a well-balanced diet keeps you fit and healthy.
Collocation:
a diet of sth. so much of sth. that you feel boring or unpleasant
e.g. a constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得令人腻烦的电视连续剧
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8. be satisfied with feel pleased because you have what you want or because things have
happened in the way that you hoped
e.g. The CEO of this company is not satisfied with the volume of business.
Comparison:
satisfactory a. a word for describing a result, situation, etc., that makes one feel satisfied because
it is what one was hoping for
e.g. The score of her TOFEL was satisfactory.
satisfying a. a word for describing a job, activity, or experience that makes one satisfied because
one enjoys doing it and results are often very good
e.g. There’s something very satisfying about making explorations.
Synonym:
gratify, content

9. plead vi. make an urgent, emotional statement or request for sth.
e.g. The little girl pleaded with her parents not to leave her in her uncle’s home.
The criminal pleaded to see his wife once more.
Comparison:
beg vi. ask sb. very strongly in a way that makes one feel ashamed or makes other people lose
respect for him
e.g. The unfilial son begged mercy of his mother.
Collocation:
plead with sb. for sth. make repeated urgent requests to sb. for sth.

10. tolerate vt. be willing to accept sth. unpleasant or difficult, even though one does not like it or
approve it
e.g. As newcomers, they had to tolerate the awful weather and the tough living conditions.
Comparison:
stand vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation
endure vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation for a long time
bear vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation that makes one angry, sad, or upset
put up with accept or be forced to accept an annoying situation or unpleasant behavior as
part of one’s daily life

Derivation:
tolerant a.
toleration n.

11. beyond prep. outside the range or limit of
e.g. Dealing with such a troublesome problem is beyond my capability.
The radio is beyond repair.
这台收音机已经不能修理了。
Collocation:
be beyond sb. be impossible for sb. to imagine, understand or calculate
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e.g. It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Burton.
我不明白她为什么想嫁给伯顿。
Antonym:
within

12. agony n. extreme mental or physical pain or suffering
e.g. The mother was in an agony of losing five sons in the war.
He suffered agonies of remorse.
他饱受悔恨的煎熬。
Derivation:
agonize v.
agonizing a.
agonizingly ad.
Synonym:
distress, anguish

13. deny oneself not do sth. that one enjoys doing or have sth. one desires to have, because he
thinks that will be good for him
e.g. He denied himself all small pleasures and luxuries in his effort to live a holy life.
Comparison:
do without be able to manage without sth. one really wants to have
e.g. No one can do without drinking water for a long time.
Translation:
为了省钱给女儿治病,他戒烟了。
In order to save money for his daughter’s medical treatment, he denied himself smoking.
Activity:
Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.

plead beyond obsess diet satisfy
perfect deny oneself turn into agony tolerate
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mozart’s _______ with piano started when he was a baby. (obsession)
The shy girl in former days has _________ a pretty lady. (turned into)
The _______ toothache tortured me a whole night. (agonizing)
Seeing the interesting toys from the window, the little boy _____ with his mother for buying
some back home. (pleaded)
5. Shakespeare’s wife had nothing _____ Shakespeare’s second best bed. (beyond)
6. Her parents’ marriage portion really _____ her. (satisfied)
7. He moved to his grandfather’s home so as to _______ his Latin. (perfect)
8. The headmaster _______ those naughty students’ behavior. (tolerated)
9. The nurse says Richard has got to go on a _____. (diet)
10. In order to find an expected job, she ________ all the entertainments in her internship.
( denied herself)

Sentences
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4. megadoses of vitamins (Paragraph 3)
Explanation: very large doses of vitamins

5. If our parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. (Paragraph 3)
Translation: 如果父母不给我们买我们想要的衣服,我们就觉得世界末日到了。

6. we are no longer slaves to style (Paragraph 3)
Explanation: we no longer follow the fashion blindly

7. at the mercy of fashion (Paragraph 3)
Explanation: completely controlled by fashion

Paragraph 4
14. preferable a. more desirable or suitable
e.g. For me, teamwork is preferable to single action.
Synonym:
better, superior
Antonym:
inferior
Derivation:
preferably ad.
preference n.

15. critical a. extremely important, crucial
e.g. Facing the enemy’s invasion, the nation is at a critical time in history.
This document is critical for all the citizens living in this area.
Antonym:
insignificant, uncritical
Derivation:
critically ad.
criticize v.
criticism n.

16. confront vt. deal with sth. in a brave and determined way; bring face to face
e.g. The problems confronting us are knotty.
Confronted by a black bear, the hunter retreated.
Synonym:
oppose, encounter
Derivation:
confrontation

17. await vt. wait for
e.g. A large party awaited him on his birthday.
A big decision awaits him to make.
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Synonym:
be ready for, wait for
Translation:
对于这个罪犯而言,等待他的将是法律的严惩。
For this criminal, severe punishment of the law awaits him.

18. carefree a. cheerful and without worries
e.g. Our childhood, those carefree days have gone for ever.
Synonym:
lighthearted, untroubled
Collocation:
keep a peaceful and carefree mind 悠闲自在

19. unknown n. an unknown person or thing
e.g. I wish to have a journey into the unknown so that I can be oblivious of myself.
Recently I always see an unknown appearing in my neighbor’s garden.
Antonym:
celebrity
Collocation:
content unknown
identity unknown

Sentences
8. … but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.
(Paragraph 4)
Translation: 但是当刚刚踏入社会的年轻人在为 生活中的每个重要决策感到焦头烂额之时,
我已经做过很多重要的决断。

Paragraph 5
20. benefit n. anything that brings help, advantage, profit
e.g. All the 11 countries get benefit from China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.
Derivation:
beneficial a.
benefit vt.
Synonym:
profit, advantage

21. worth a. deserving of
e.g. The football game between England and Germany is worth watching.
The scheme is well worth a try.
这个计划倒值得一试。
Collocation:
not worth a straw worthless
worth its weight in gold extremely helpful, useful, etc; invaluable
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Translation:
他觉得他的生命已经没有继续下去的意义了。
He felt that his life was not worth a straw to continue.

22. sanity n. the state of being mentally healthy; the ability to think and behave normally and
reasonably
e.g. His story was so extraordinary that we began to doubt his sanity.
The president’s sanity in investing huge amounts of money in gold mines was questioned.
Synonym:
reasonableness, rationality
Antonym:
insanity
Derivation:
sane a.
sanely ad.

23. make a speech speak formally to a group of listeners
e.g. Jack’s friend pleaded with him for making a speech at a wedding reception.
Synonym:
give a lecture, lecture
Comparison:
make a face 做鬼脸
make a fortune 发大财
make a fool of oneself sb. 使自己某人出丑

24. quirk n. a strange or unusual habit or part of sb.’s character
e.g. One of her quirks is that she is always doubtful about being watched by somebody.
Many scientists have quirks in their life or work.
Synonym:
oddity, eccentricity
Translation:
他很怪,把自己的妻子称作史密斯夫人。
He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife Mrs. Smith.

Sentences
9. It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. (Paragraph 5)
Explanation: It means trying behaving differently from their usual selves by associating with
different people.

Paragraph 6
Words and Expressions
25. contradict vt. be opposite in nature to
e.g. The document contradicts what we heard in the conference last week.
Synonym:
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oppose, disagree
Derivation:
contradictory a.
contradiction n.

26. phase n. stage of development
e.g. Usually, spring is a significant phase of a lot of illness.
Childhood is an enlightening phase for a child.
Synonym:
stage, period
Collocation:
in phase being in the same state at the same time
out of phase not being in the same state at the same time
e.g. The two subsidiary corporations’ operations were out of phase so that the headquarters
could not handle the problems timely.
这两个子公司的业务活动不同步,总部因而没能及时地解决一些问题。

Sentences
10. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even
better — phase of my life. (Paragraph 6)
Explanation: Their contentment makes me believe that I’ll be as happy as they are when I am
their age.
Translation: 在我迈向生命的下 一个阶段,或许是更好的一个时期时,我父母的幸福感给我
提供了这样一个保证:我也许会幸福的。
Section Four Consolidation Activities
I . Vocabulary Analysis
1 Phrase practice
1. be apt to be likely to 易于……,有……的倾向
e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。

2. in general as a whole 通常,大体上;总的来说,从总体上看
e.g. In general, this company’s products are very reliable. 这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。
In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 总的来说,让学
生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。

3. at the mercy of powerless against; completely controlled by 对……无能为力;任……处置,
任由……摆布
e.g. Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they
are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰,另一些人则觉得他们受到命
运的支配。
I don’t want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人摆布。

4. no wonder not surprising only too natural 不足为奇,并不奇怪
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e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in the south. 南方这么潮湿,并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re so tired, you’ve worked three hours without a break. 难怪你这么累,你已
经连续工作了三个小时。
It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他没能通过期末考试,这是不足为怪的。

2 Word derivation
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1. She has got this _______ (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.
2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience_________ (mood), irritability and a
loss of confidence.
3. They wanted a __________ (tolerate) existence — more food, better shelter, and peace.
4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually _________(benefit) arrangement.
5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a _________(satisfy) and rewarding experience.
6. Frogs can search for food underwater, __________(hide) from birds of prey.
7. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didn’t express any
particular _________ (prefer).
8. The committee has made four specific ________(critical) of the government’s transportation
policy.

1. obsess v. (使)牵挂,(使)惦念,(使)着迷
obsessed a. 着迷的
obsession n. 困扰,沉迷,着魔
obsessive a. 着迷的,强迫性的,分神的
e.g. 爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。
Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.
他一直想要找到他的父亲,但是最近这变成了一种狂热。
He’s always wanted to find his father but recently it’s become an obsession.

2. mood n. 心情,情绪
moody a. 易怒的,喜怒无常的,情绪化的
moodiness n. 忧郁
e.g. 我每个星期日情绪都很坏。
I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.
我的妻子在医院里心情不好。
My wife is moody at the hospital.
3. tolerate v. 容忍,忍受
tolerable a. 可容忍的
tolerant a. 宽容的,容忍的
e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天气。
She can tolerate the cold days.
这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。
The heat was tolerable at night.

4. benefit n. 利益;津贴
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beneficial a. 有益的,有利的
beneficiary n. 受惠者,受益人
e.g. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
This project is of great benefit to everyone.
新鲜空气有益于健康。
Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。
Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.

5. satisfy v. 使满意,满足
satisfaction n. 满意
satisfactory a. 令人满意的
e.g. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。
Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.
她对现状根本不满意。
She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.

6. hide v. 隐藏,隐瞒
hiding n. 隐藏,躲藏
hidden a. 隐藏的,秘密的
e.g. 她设法不表露自己的感情。
She tried to hide her feelings.
警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。
The police are following a murderer who’s in hiding.

7. prefer v. 较喜欢;宁可
preferable a. 更好的,更合意的
preference n. 偏爱,优先,喜爱物
preferential a. 优先的;优惠的
e.g. 我更喜欢牛奶,而不是咖啡.
I prefer milk to coffee.
我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。
My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.
对于求职者,我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.

8. critical a. 批评的;决定性的,关键的
critic n. 批评家,评论家
criticism n. 批评,评论
criticize v. 批评;非难
e.g. 他的行为招致尖锐的批评。
His behavior called forth sharp criticism.
他批评了我的冒险活动。
He criticized my taking risks.
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3 Synonym Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is
used.
1. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in
our hair.
Synonym: conceal, disguise

2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big.
Antonym: narrow

3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even
better — phase of my life.
Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy

4. The Virtues of Growing Older
Synonym: merits, advantages

5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood.
Synonym: fat, plump

6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in
order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal.
Synonym: well-built

7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style.
Antonym: old- fashioned, outdated

8. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many
of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.
Synonym: clearly, evidently

4 Prefix
Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.
1. preface prepare 5. periphery perimeter
2. prologue progress 6. dialogue diameter
3. foresight foresee 7. semifinal semiconductor
4. paralysis parallel 8. devaluate decelerate

1. Explanation:
pre- : before someone or something
e.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction
2. Explanation:
pro- : before
e.g. proceed, procession, provision
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3. Explanation:
fore- : before or in the front of
e.g. foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead
4. Explanation:
para- :on one side
e.g. paragraph, parallel
5. Explanation:
per- : surrounding
e.g. periodic, period
6. Explanation:
dia- : pass through between sth.
e.g. dialectic,

diagram, diagnosis
7. Explanation:
semi-: half or partly
e.g. semicircle, semi-final, semi-skilled
8. Explanation:
de-: reduce
e.g. declass, degrade, deduce

II Grammar Exercises
1. concrete nouns & abstract nouns
Concrete nouns are words we use for people, places, or things that we can observe with at
least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite — we can never experience these
nouns according to our senses.
While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is
not always clear. Some nouns can be used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in
general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instance of it, consider, for example,
the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:
e. g. Art is an important element of human culture.
But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain contexts:
e.g. I put my daughter’s art up on the fridge.
This is the problem of context within sentences.

Practice:
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns given.
1. My children are ________________ to me. (great, help)
2. The boy had ____________________ of mathematics. (good, knowledge)
3. He is looking for ____________. (work)
4. The more _____________ (difficulty) we encounter, the harder we should work.
5. To be middle-class is to have license to indulge more freely in creating ____________
(comfort).
6. Like millions of other Americans, I often have ____________ (trouble) with insomnia.

2. quantifiers & determiners (every, each, everyone, every one, all)
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Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings.
each = every one separately
every = each, all
Sometimes, each and every have the same meaning:
e. g. Prices go up each year.
Prices go up every year.
But often they are not exactly the same.
Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes individuality.
e. g. Each artist sees things differently.
Every is half-way between each and all. It sees things or people as singular, but in a group or in
general.
e. g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived.
Each can be used in front of the verb:
e. g. The soldiers each received a medal.
Each can be followed by “of”:
e. g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers.

Every cannot be used for two things while each can
:
e. g. He was carrying a suitcase in each hand.
Every is used to say how often something happens:
e. g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day.
Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group:
e. g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti.
But if you’re referring to the individuals who make up a group, then the phrase is every one.
“Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural:
e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.
All is more often used with plural verb forms, though sometimes it is used with singular verbs.
However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of
with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms.
e. g. Has all (of) the cake been eaten?
Have all (of) the presents been distributed?
All of us are going to Sam’s party next week. We’re all going.

Practice:
Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all.
1. The pavement on ________ side was crowded with neat smiling people.
2. The girl is very popular. ____________ likes her.
3. A: He had eaten _______ the biscuits.
B: What? _____________?
A: __________ single one.
4. ___________ sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics.
5. The bus leaves ___________ hour.
6. She nursed him with ___________ her heart.

3. dangling participles
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Dangling participles is a participle that is not grammatically linked to the word it is
intended to modify. In “Driving down the street, the house came into view,” “driving” is a
dangling participle. Though they are not rare in speech, dangling participles are avoided in
formal writing because of the possibility of misunderstanding.
e. g. The burglar was about 30 years old, white, 5′10″, with wavy hair weighing about 150
pounds.
If properly installed, you shouldn’t be able to open the door without first pressing the
safety button.

Practice:
Correct errors in the following sentences.
1. When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots.
2. Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.
3. The teacher walked behind the kids eating their lunches.
4. Crossing the room, her foot bled all over the carpet.
5. While cleaning his gun, it went off unexpectedly.
6. Relieved, although half-naked, Mom handed me the catalog.

III. Translation exercises
1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人,尽管还不富裕,但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。(vain, be
obsessed with)
 被工作迷了心窍的人和酒鬼、吸毒者或惯赌都一样瘾头很大。
 你们这一代可能会因为感情关系的频繁变化而产生困扰。

2. 地震切断了这个城市和外界的联系,人们的食品也许捱不过冬天了。(hold out)
 如果供给品充裕的话,我们将在此继续露营一个星期。
 那位飞行员说,因为缺乏燃料,他只能再坚持一小时,然后就不得不把飞机降落在水面
上。

3. 她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了,这使她父母感到非常丢脸。(take up with)
 她的父母很不明白她为什么会和一个失业的男演员交往。
 有名望有权势的男人似乎对“保姆型”的女人情有独钟,如秘书、助手和乘务员等等。

4. 1978年以来,我国经济发展迅速,相比之下,一些发达国家反而滑坡了。(witness)
 谢谢你和我分享中国的故事,我会再来中国见证她的变化。
 “十一”之前我肯定能回到中国,我个人也愿意见证中国的欢腾时刻。
14

天车工-热爱生命的人


手握一滴水-关于夏天的词语


武汉大学自主招生-未婚证明范本


高利贷合同-教育实习鉴定


江门五邑大学-高考地图


六年级学生评语-经济合作与发展组织


元旦-施工合同示范文本


入伍报名-关于清明的来历