剑桥大学在哪-忻州人事

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
Unit 8 Teamwork in IT Industry
I: 本单元教学目的：
1. 通过概念阅读文章，了解团队工作的重要性和方法；
2. 在案例分析部分，阅读如何通过Think let工具解决团队合作中的人为因素
影响；
3. 写作部分掌握写研究报告的基本步骤；
4. 翻译部分要学习长句的翻译
II: 练习题答案
Part One Concept Learning
Task 1 Think before You Read
1.1 亨利·福特（HenryFord，1863年7月30日—1947年4月8日），美国汽车 工
程师与企业家，福特汽车公司的建立者。他也是世界上第一位使用流水线大
批量生产汽车的人 。他的生产方式使汽车成为一种大众产品，它不但革命了
工业生产方式，而且对现代社会和文化起了巨大 的影响。美国学者麦克·哈特
所著的《影响人类历史进程的100名人排行榜》一书中，亨利·福特是唯 一上
榜的企业家。教师可以不仅带领学生理解引言的含义，并通过介绍亨利福特
的一些事迹，让 学生体会团队协作对企业和个人的重要。
Some other quotes from Henry Ford:
 There is one rule for the industrialist and that is: make the best quality
goods possible at the lowest cost possible, paying the highest wages
possible.
Don’t find fault, find a remedy.
Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.
Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t – you’re right.
Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone
who keeps learning stays young.
Employers only handle the money – it is the customer who pays the wages.
My best friend is the one who brings out the best in me.






1.2
Qualities to have
communication, negotiation,
leadership, motivation, trust,
problem solving, compromise,
Qualities to avoid
blame, pessimism, gossip, negativity,
criticism, compromise, sarcasm,
aggression, low morale

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
empathy, fairness, optimism,
honesty, consistency, high morale,
P.S. 教师可以引导学生想想做为好的 领袖，还应该应该具有哪些品质。也可以让
学生经过讨论列出最为重要的三种品质，并作出解释。
2.1 Find out the Chinese equivalent to each of the following technical terms.

English technical terms
Optimizing Collaboration
accomplish a common goal
reduces workloads
peer pressure
low morale
acquire skills
results-oriented structure
launch a new social media
campaign
resolve conflicts
shouldering an equal share of the
work burden

2.2 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. Explain why are the myths about teamwork wrong mentioned in the first
paragraph?
The truth is that individuals are the smallest units within their teams and that
their personal abilities affect various outcomes in their teams.
2. How can teamwork increase accountability?
Team members do not want to let each other down and hence do their best to
contribute to the successes of their teams. In contrast to working solo on a
project, peer pressure is usually high within teams such that cases of low morale
are less likely to impact individuals.
3. Why goals are important for teamwork?
A team without a goal is like a house without a frame -- it will simply fall apart
with the slightest nudge.
4. How to make the goals clear within a team？
Keep all goals posted somewhere highly visible in the office. Refer back to them
whenever team members start losing sight of what's important.
Chinese equivalents
优化协作
完成共同目标
减轻工作负担
同行压力
士气低迷
获取技能
以成果为导向的结构
发起亲的社交媒体的竞争
解决冲突
承担同等的工作负担

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
5. How can a company’s management make sure of a good teamwork?
Management should make every effort to provide teams with accurate and
timely information about the company's plans, goals, concerns, and
accomplishments, and how the team fits into each of these areas. It's also
important for management to recognize, support and encourage the team's
efforts. After all, motivated teams are productive teams.
6. Can conflicts be avoided in teamwork?
Conflicts can arise in any group setting; workplace teams are no exception..
7. How to resolve conflicts in a team?
 Make sure each team member is shouldering an equal share of the work
burden so no one feels frustrated or resentful
 Have a clear set of rules and responsibilities team members need to follow
 Make sure the team leader resolves conflicts effectively.
 If the team leader can't resolve the dispute, bring in a management team
leader or consultant to act as a mediator.
8. Describe in your own words what a good team shall be like?
The answer will be various individually.

2.3 Complete the following sentences by using the words and expressions in the
box.
1. consultant
2. tackle
3. myths
4. optimizing
5. morale
6. bond
7. dispute
8. accountability
2.4 Further Discussion
1. If you were the team leader, what kind of team members you want to enroll
in your group?
The discussion can focus on two aspects: 1) the personalities of group members
2) the skills and capacities of the group members.
2. If there were someone in your group who has very good skills but is not
willing to communicate and cooperate with other members, what would you
do?
The discussion could carry out around two aspects: 1) what are the reasons that
heshe is not willing to talk? 2) how to tackle each problem respectively?
3.2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 事实是，个人是团队中最小的单位。个人能力会影响团队的各项成果。
2. 与独自一个人完成一个项目不同的是，来自同龄人的压力在团队工作中特别

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
大，因此团队成员不太容易受到士气低落的影响。
3. 项目中的各个团队必须了解其工作目标，知道自己，无论是个人还是团队在
项目中的角色。
4. 团队成员也越来越相互依赖，相互信任。当团队面临着特别困难的挑战或者
如果团队不得 不面对团队成员的损失同时还要力图保持生产力的时候，这些依赖
和信任就闲的更为重要。
5. 团队成员的持续内斗如果任其发展，就会具有毁灭性的影响。但是，如果能
够有效的解决 冲突，就可以加强团队合作，提高其兼容性。
Part Two Case Learning
Task 2: case analysis
. 2.1 What is a ThinkLet
?
.
 A thinkLet can be seen as a kind of process pattern to address collaboration
problems. ThinkLets can also be seen as building block for collaborative
processes.
2.2 What are the major influencing factors of teamwork in a project？



Communication
Coordination
Motivation
2.3 Examine the examples in the tables, could you list more cases that belong to
each of the category?
1. Internal communication:
 (1) In the team there are members who do not listen or take the ideas of their
peers seriously. This goes against the process of trust generation and the team
cohesion
(2) The team relies on the knowledge and capacity of one or a few team
members only. In a project there are some points in which the
discussionvalidation generation of ideas cannot be done because there is not
enough knowledge in just one person (or a few).
(3) Team members do not answer, or not answer in time other team member’s
requests. This goes against the dynamics of teamwork and the execution of the
project itself.
(4) Some team members do not feel they belong to the team.



2. Client communication
 (1) At the end of the project the client has a product that addresses all the
requisites heshe asked for, but heshe is not satisfied with the product

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
obtained. This can generate frustration and low morale among team members
severing the relationship between the client and the team.


(2) The client knows what heshe wants to have at the end of the project, but
heshe does not know the problems trying to solve.
(3) Unjustified and constant request changes frustrate the team since it can
change the project goal and or the scope of the project.
3. Internal Coordination
 (1) The team relies on the knowledge and skill of one or a few members of the
team. The team capacity to generate ideas and make decisions fall on just one
or a few people.
(2) Team members do not attend the meetings. This goes against the knowledge
transfer that all projects need.

 (3) Team members do not know what others are doing. This cause feelings of
uncertainty among team members, and may cause some tasks to be done in
duplicity.
4. Client Coordination
 (1) The client has no clear idea of the problem heshe wants to solve. This kind
of problem clashes with project implementation because the client will probably
change hisher mind and the project scope many times, until they have an idea
of what the problem is. In the meantime the relationship between client and
the team will erode.
(2) The client is not available to make the decision the project needs. The delays
in decision- making can affect the delivery schedule of the final product.
(3) The client changes the requisites of the project. This can have a huge impact
on the project schedule and in the quality of the final product.



2.4 Examine the useful practices in the tables, which of the practices do you think
is most useful? Could you figure out more practices to solve the problem?
 The answer may vary.
Part Three IT business writing
Sample of a reading report
READING REPORT
Lilias JardingAugust 26, 2010Frank Zulke, “Sociology: Human Behavior in a Group
and Societal Context”
This article defines the academic discipline of Sociology, which is based on the idea
that “behavior is determined by the groups to which people belong and by the

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
societies in which they live.” Zulke says that Sociology is more accepted in democratic
countries. It uses two levels of analysis, “microsociology,” which looks at interactions
of small groups on a daily basis, and “macrosociology,” which looks at interactions
among groups and societies. Sociologists believe that their research goes beyond
“common sense,” and they look at their discipline as a science. Zulke says that an
approach that focuses on the individual in social context is the use of “sociological
imagination.” Sociologists are employed in a variety of settings. The author then
compares Sociology to the other social sciences.
This reading agrees with the previous readings. As in the previous reading, the
author clearly differentiates Sociology from Psychology. As Zulke says, Psychology
looks more at individuals and less at groups. Psychology also looks at biological
processes, which is not a focus of Sociology.
This reading also agrees with an earlier reading when it points out that Sociology is a
science, not common sense. This is a point he also makes in “Science, the Scientific
Method, and Research Designs in the Social Sciences.” Zulke also gives examples of
ways that Sociologists study problems, as he does in his “Science” article.
A discussion question that arises from “Sociology” is “Why did Jane Addams and
W.E.B. DuBois become ‘parents’ of Sociology -- What was it in their backgrounds that
made them focus on groups and relationships among groups?”
Part Five Reading for More
1. The major forces changed from manual worker to knowledge workers.
2. The manual worker can always be judged in terms of the quantity and quality of
a definable and discrete output, such as a pair of shoes. We have learned how to
measure efficiency and how to define quality in manual work during the last hundred
years
The motivation of the knowledge worker depends on his being effective, on being
able to achieve. If effectiveness is lacking in his work, his commitment to work and to
contribution will soon wither, and he will become a time-server going through the
motions from nine to five..

III: 文章参考译文
1. Part One Concept Learning:
加强团队建设：优化合作
组织机构中团队建设的重要性
据人 力资源圣经，团队合作最流行的虚假传说之一就是是团队成员的技能比他们

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
的精力和兴趣更重要。另一种流行的说法是，成员不独自为团队的成功和失败负
责。事实是，个人是他 们团队中最小的单位。个人能力影响团队的各种成果。当
员工来共同完成一个共同的目标是就会形成团队 。职场中的团队合作不仅有利于
你的雇员也显著影响你的业务。
1 工作效率
团队 合作使您能够更快更有效地完成任务而不是单独处理一个项目。合作完成各
种任务通过分担责任和分享想 法而减少全体员工的工作量。团队也减少每一个员
工的工作压力，使得他能够充分的完成指定的工作。
2 改善员工之间的关系
团队合作对一个组织非常重要，因为它为员工们提供了一个彼此了解 的机会，从
而改善了他们之间的关系。一个项目的成员成功的完成项目后会感受到自身价值
的提 高。
3 增强责任感
团队工作增强了团队每一个成员的责任感，尤其是在为那些对工作要求 很高的人
工作时。团队成员不想让彼此失望，从而为团队的成功尽自己最大的努力做贡献。
跟独 自完成项目的人不同，团队中来自同事的压力往往很大，因此不太容易因为
士气低靡影响个人。
4 学习机会
合作一个项目是新人从有经验的员工那学习的机会。团队成员的技能和才华都不
相同。一起工作是获得新技能很好的机会。
设定清晰的目标来加强团队建设
没有目 标的团队就像是一个没有框架的房子，它轻轻一推就会土崩瓦解。每一家
公司，无论是生产汽车还是电视 节目，都应该有一个明确的目标。各个团队，无
论是个人还是团体，必须了解要完成的目标是什么。 < br>把目标贴在办公室非常明显的地方。每当队员们开始不知道什么是重要的时候，
就要及时提醒他们 （目标是什么）。
为了实现自己的目标，团队必须有合适的工具。在项目的开始，把所需要的做一个列表，列出所需的人员和资源。
设立以结果为导向的结构，鼓励团队实现其目标。例如，在一家 广告公司的一个
IT团队的目标可能是升级设计设备，使该公司能够推出一个新的社交媒体广告。
列出你要达到目标所要完成的所有任务，设定具体期限来完成这些任务。确保每
个团队成员如期完成每 个任务。
没有一个团队可以在真空中存在。为了有效地开展工作，团队成员需要相互进行
有效 沟通，也需要同公司的管理层进行有效的沟通。
管理层应该尽一切努力使团队准确并及时的了解公司的 计划，目标，焦点和成就，
并了解团队在其中的作用。同样重要的是管理层要认可，支持和鼓励团队的努 力。
毕竟，有动力的团队才是有产出的团队。

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
冲突可以在任何组 织中出现，职场团队也不例外。团队成员的持续内斗如果任其
发展，就会具有毁灭性的影响。但是，如果 能够有效的解决冲突，就可以加强团
队合作，提高其兼容性。
这里有几个简单的方法来预防和解决冲突：
•确保每个团队成员肩负的相通的工作负担，这样就没有人感觉到沮丧和不满。
•有一个明确的规则和责任分配。
•确保小组组长有效地解决冲突。
•如果队长无法解决纠纷，邀请管理团队的领导者或顾问充当调解人。
职场中每天都有挑战， 具有较强的团队环境可以为工作人员创造支持机制。工作
组成员可以互相帮助来提高他们的工作能力和并 未职业发展而共同努力。团队成
员也越来越相互依赖，相互信任。当团队面临着特别困难的挑战或者如果 团队不
得不面对团队成员的损失同时还要力图保持生产力的时候，这些依赖和信任就闲
的更为重 要。
2. Part Two Case Learning:
通过Thinklet 提高软件项目中的团队合作
软件工程是工业界和学术界中的一个重要领域。通常对训练有素的软件工程 师是
要求很高的，因为芯片和代码嵌入在几乎所有的消费产品中。因此学习计算机科
学或信息学 的年轻专业人员有很多工作机会。而他们中大部分在软件开发领域工
作－－－ 一个以人为本的工作过程。
作为一个以人为中心的过程，人的因素对软件开发过程和结果有很大的影响 。虽
然人的因素已被证明对软件开发过程有影响，研究人员还常常忽略它们。其中最
重要的以人 为本的过程就是各项活动之间的协调以及如何把个人技能人和团队
工作相结合的交能力。
在本 文中，我们定义了一个thinkLet，做为一个产生可预见的结果的活动或过程，
以应对软件开发团 队经常遇到的合作问题。ThinkLet可以被看作是一种过程模式，
用来处理协作问题。 ThinkLets也可以看作是协作流程的构建模块。
经过一段时间的研究观察以后，我们看见在相 关工作中提到的所有变量中有三个
作用变量（沟通，协调和动机）脱颖而出。因此可以将属于这三个变量 范畴的所
有问题按照两种不同的观点进行分类：内部（团队内）问题和客户（团队之外）
问题。
内部沟通指的是每一个团队成员如何与其他成员进行有效的沟通。让我们以一个
经常发生的主要 问题为例，看看如何通过ThinkLet来解决这一问题：
Thinklet
怯场
经常发生的问题
有成员不愿意在
公众场合表达自
己的观点。这会降
低团队产生新想
纠正问题的动作 有用的方法
每周例会，所有团站式会议
队成员必须报告
信任
其工作状态。尝试
在团队成员之间坐在一起

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
法，找出项目中的的建立信任。
难点或者需要预
警的问题的能力。
团队建设
工作坊
辅导
客户沟通涉及到开发团队和客户之间的通信。客户断可用性是问题之一：
Thinklet
客户端可用性
经常发生的问题
客户是项目的重
要组成部分;他她
是专家。他她的责
任是界定和解释
清楚项目的关键
点。如果他她（总
是）不在 场，项目
就会遇到瓶颈，会
妨碍该项目的决
策和验证过程。
纠正问题的动作
项目开始之前，建
立每周1次的固定
日期和时间与客
户见面。在见面
时，制定一个与决
策相关的协议。
有用的方法
信任
回顾
真正的客户参与
坐在一起
信息化工作区
团队建设
工作坊
内部协调是指团队成员通过协调自己的活动达到一个共同目标的过程。 例如，
Thinklet
孤狼
经常发生的问题
一名团队成员垄
断了项 目的任务。
孤狼被认为是一
种在决策和实现
目标的时候喜欢
独自工作“心理状
态”。孤独还被定
义为那些非常专
注，投入大量精力
完成任务的人。
纠正问题的动作
要保证团队成员
之间的工作量平
均分配。每周开会
以评估已经完成
的任务，同时可以
根据每个人的能
力或知识水平重
新分配任务 。一定
要记得经常平衡
工作量。
有用的方法
相信
坐在一起
统一语言
站立会议
迭代计划
公开信息
辅导
客户协调涉及一系列的活动，让开发团队努力与客户协调。 例如：
Thinklet
再次改变
经常发生的问题
客户端更改项目
的要求。这可以对
项目 进度和最终
产品的质量有巨
大影响。
纠正问题的动作
定义由客户（“变< br>更管理”）要求的
变化进行分析的
过程。这种分析要
估计变更对项目
的 影响，并必须由
全体队员来完成。
变更管理要使用
工具来实施正规
有用的方法
计划游戏
评估
风险管理

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
的工作流程。
通过实验观察，我们把问题进行了分类。同时，对这些问题以往的解决方式进行
了广泛的研究，不管问题解决的背景如何。因此，我们创造了一系列的thinklet
用于解 决这些问题。从分析结果看，我们可以确保大多数的问题都能使用
ThinkLets的得到缓解。
3. Part Three Extended Reading:
对于体力劳动，我们只 需要效率，也就是做事的能力，正确的，而不是来完成正
确的事情的能力。体力劳动者总是依据可定义和 评价的产出的数量和质量来判断
的，例如一双鞋。我们在过去一百年间已经学会了如何衡量体力劳动者的 效率和
定义其工作质量－－并且能够极大的数倍的提高每个劳动者的产出。
然而现实是如今的 组织机构都是知识型的。现代社会是大组织机构的社会。每个
组织机构，包括军队服务，其重心已经转移 到了知识工作者，那些靠头脑工作而
不是肌肉和手工作的人。越来越多的人到学校学习知识、理论和概念 而不是在组
织中练习力量和手工技能。他们依靠工作效能为组织作出贡献。
效能不是理所当然的，也绝不能被忽视。
知识工作者不能被紧密地或详细地监督。他们只能被 帮助。但他们必须指挥自己
以完成工作并作出贡献，也就是具有工作效能。
没有人确切知道知识工作者在想什么。然而，思考就是他们的具体工作。
知识型员工的积极性 取决于他的工作效能，能够获得成功。如果他的工作缺乏效
能，他的工作热忱和做贡献的决心就会枯萎了 ，他就将成为一个时间服务器，朝
九晚五的走过场。
知识型员工不生产自身具有效能的产品。 他不生产实体产品，如一条沟，一双鞋，
一台机器的一部分。他生产知识，想法和信息。这些“产品”本 身无用的。别人，
另一个知识工作者，把其作为自己的输入，并将其转换成自己的输出。不适用于
动作和行为的大智慧只是毫无意义的数据。知识型员工，因此，必须做一些体力
劳动工人不用做的事。 他必须产生效能。
IV : 拓展训练相关文本
Transcript for listen for more
Women do not get enough sleep
It will come as no surprise to know that a lack of sleep isn't good for us. A new report
suggests sleep deprivation can result in long- term health issues and even death. It
also says that women are more likely to experience difficulties sleeping than men.
The report is based on a survey of 4,100 British adults and is called 'Reclaim Your
Sleep'. It is from a British group called the Sleep Apnoea Trust Association. Apnoea is
the temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. Almost half of the
women surveyed (43 per cent) said they did not get enough sleep. This compared to
36 per cent of men who said they did not sleep well. Women were also more prone
than men to waking up during the night.

Unit8 Teamwork in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
Health experts have warned that feeling exhausted due to a lack of sleep could be a
sign of a serious underlying medical condition. However, many women are unaware
of the dangers, with only a quarter seeing a doctor about sleeplessness. Professor
John Stradling of Oxford University said:
is just part of modern life when in fact it could be something more
added that not treating sleep deficiency,
life and serious health conditionsIn more severe cases, when left untreated,
conditions like sleep apnoea can kill people because it can bring on heart attacks and
strokes.

translation for listen for more
众所周知，睡眠不足是对我们没有好处。一份新的报告表明，睡眠不足可能会导< br>致长期的健康问题，甚至死亡。报告还说，女性比男性更容易体验到睡觉困难。
该报告是基于对4 100名英国成年人的调查显示的，调查称为“收回你的睡眠”。
调查是被称为睡眠呼吸暂停信托协会组 织的。呼吸暂停是呼吸暂时停止，尤其是
在睡眠中。几乎一半的被调查（43％）的女性表示，她们没有 得到足够的睡眠。
而表达睡眠不好的男性仅占36％。女性也比男性更容易出现在夜间醒来。
健康专家警告说，由于睡眠不足感到疲惫可能是更严重的基础疾病的征兆。然而，
很多女性没有意识到这 项危险，只有四分之一左右的人就诊失眠。牛津大学的约
翰·斯特拉德林教授说：“妇女往往认为筋疲力 尽的感觉只是现代生活的一部分，
而实际上它可能是更严重的东西。”他补充说，不治疗睡眠不足，使女 性“生活
质量下降并有严重的健康问题”。在更严重的情况下，不及时治疗时，如睡眠呼
吸暂停 可以杀死人，因为它可以导致心脏病发作和中风。