信管大学英语课件Words in Unit 4 American Dream
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Words in Unit 4 American Dream
Text A
II. Words & Expressions
turn away: refuse
to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place
- 他拒绝了所有的应征者。 (He turned all the applicants
away.)
- He turned away several people who
didn’t have the tickets.
Collocation:
turn down 拒绝；调低
turn in 交还，上交
turn
into 使变成
turn off 关；拐弯
turn out
生产，制造；证明，结果
turn over 仔细考虑
turn up
出现，来到；开大，调大
work out: plan; solve;
calculate
- 他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。 (They’ve
worked out a method of sending a
spacecraft to
the space.)
- The accountant has worked out
your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan.
(会计已算出你的那
份花费为1,000元。)
Collocation:
work at
work up
从事于，致力于
引起，激起，逐渐上升
weekly:
1. adj.
happening once a week or every week
- He
thinks his weekly wage of 400 yuan is enough.
2. adv. once a week; every week; by the week
- 《21世纪报》每周出版一次。 (21st Century is published
weekly.)
3. n. a publication issued once a
week
- Business Weekly 《商业周刊》
-
Publishers’ Weekly (美) 《出版商周刊》
- a twice
weekly 半周刊
do with:
1) (used in
questions with “what”) deal with
- Tell me
what you did with yourself this week.
- The
child didn’t know what to do with himself for
excitement.
2) tolerate
- 我不能忍受他和他的无礼。
(I can’t do with him and his impoliteness.)
3)
(often with “could”, “can”) desire
- I could
do with a cup of tea.
Collocation:
do
without 没有…也行，将就
do away with
do for
do good (to)
do over
废除，去掉
代替，适合…
对…有益
重复
determination: n. the
ability to continue trying to achieve what you
have decided to do even
when this is difficult
- He has great determination to learn English
well.
personnel: n.
1) the
department in a large organization that deals with
employees; human resources
(uncountable noun,
used with a singular or plural verb).
-
personnel administration 人事管理
- personnel
department 人事部处科
- personnel director
人事部长处长科长
2) all the persons working in an
organization, in the army, etc. (often used with a
plural verb)
- The personnel of the company
has been increased.
- 全体员工都允许参加晚会。 (All
personnel were allowed to take part in the party.)
NB:
此外注意与 personal 的区别。
personal:
个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的
- Like their personal lives,
women’s history is fragmented, interrupted.
(如同她们的个人生活一
样，妇女的历史是支离破碎且断断续续的。)
Translate
the following into Chinese.
- a personal
appearance (亲自出面)
- I have something personal
to tell you. (我有私人的事要告诉你。)
capacity: n.
1) the ability to understand or do sth.
-
His capacity for remembering things is
interesting.
2) the ability to hold or
contain sth.; the maximum amount that can be
contained
- The trunk is filled to capacity.
CF: capacity, ability, capability &
proficiency
这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。
capacity 用于物时
，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能
力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接
受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。
ability 既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用
于人，指已经表现出来的实际
能力，尤指人的思维能力。
capability
较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。
proficiency
正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。
Fill in the blanks with
the words given above.
1. Her mental ability
is very great.
2. The film is beyond the
capacity of the children.
3. Proficiency in
several foreign languages is needed for work as a
traveler’s guide.
4. He has the
capability of solving practical problems.
skilled: adj.
1) having skill; trained;
experienced
- a skilled worker (技术熟练的工人)
2) needing skill
- skilled work (技术性工作)
CF: skilled & skillful
skilled, skillful
表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换。
skilled
通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。
skillful
是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。
- He is a skilled
skillful surgeon.
-
罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。 (Rose’s father is a
skilled
mechanic so she has become skillful at
repairing bicycles too.)
for sale:
available to be bought 待售，供出售
- The company
will put the houses for sale.
- Not for Sale.
(非卖品。)
Collocation：
on sale
上市，出售；减价，贱卖
a sale on credit 赊购
on sale
or return 包退包换的，无法销售可以退货的
call on:
1) visit sb. for a short time
- I’ll call
on him tomorrow.
2) summon; appeal
-
他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。 (They called on the workers of the
city to support the
strike.)
3) invite;
require
- The host of the party called on the
Chairman to speak.
Collocation：
call for
邀约；要求；需要
call off 取消
call up 打电话；召集；使人想起
call in 顺路到某处；收回
loan:
1. vt.
lend
- The bank loaned me some money.
-
The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.
2. n.
1) sth. lent, esp. a sum of money
- The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.
- Does the loan carry any interest?
2) lending
- 我可以借你的打字机用一下吗？(May I have the
loan of your typewriter?)
Collocation：
ask
for the loan of请求借用…
have the loan of …借…
on loan出借的
a domestic (foreign) loan
内（外）债
a public government loan 公债, 国库券
a loan for consumption 消费贷款
a loan on
security 担保贷款
a gift (interest-free) loan
无息贷款
a long-term loan 长期贷款
a
mortgage loan 抵押贷款, 抵押借款
character: n.
1)the particular collection
of qualities that make sb. sth. different from
others
- He has a strong but gentle character.
- 品质的培养应是教育的重点。 (Character building should be
the main point of education.)
- The new
buildings have changed the character of the
village.
2) person in a play, movie, etc.
- I find all the characters in his new play
very real.
3) letter, sign or mark used in a
system of writing or printing
- a Chinese
character (一个汉字)
- 汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。 (The
characters in Chinese writing look like small
pictures.)
CF: character, characteristic,
feature & personality
这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。
character
指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关。
characteristic
指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用
于科技领域。
feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。
personality
偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用
时表示情感上的吸引力。
Fill in the blanks with the words given above
and translate the sentences into Chinese.
1.
An aquiline nose was her best feature.
(鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。)
2. He can read a guy’s
character at the first glance. (他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质。)
3. He has character but no personality.
(他有性格但没有个性。)
4. A psychological report lists
every possible characteristic of the person being
studied.
(一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性。)
confidence: n. the quality of being certain
of one’s abilities or of trusting other people
- I took them into my confidence.
- I
have every confidence in your ability to succeed.
- 我告诉你这件事是因为绝对相信你会保守秘密的。 (I am telling you
this in strict confidence.)
send
for: ask for the arrival of
- I was
seriously ill and my father had to send for a
doctor.
- Do you want to send for the police?
hunt: v.
1) search thoroughly (for)
- 警察在山中搜索逃犯。 (The police are hunting for the
escaped criminal in the mountain.)
- They were
hunting the area for a new apartment.
2) go
after (wild animals) for food or sport
- We
often go out hunting in the holiday.
abandon: v. give up completely and forever
- The cruel father abandoned his newborn
daughter.
- One of my classmates had to
abandon the trip because of his father’s illness.
property: n.
1) land, buildings or
both together
- Little property was left in
the small country after the war.
2) The thing
or things that sb. owns
- The factory is my
uncle’s private property.
- public property
公共财产
- personal property 动产
- real
property 不动产
sometime: adv. at a
time that is unknown or has not yet been fixed
CF: sometime, sometimes & some time
sometime 在某时候, 曾经
sometimes 有时，不时，间或
some time 一段时间
- 我希望明年某个时候你再来。 (I hope
you will come again sometime next year.)
-
我有时会收到他的信。 (I sometimes hear from him.)
-
我已经等了你一些时候了。 (I have been waiting for you for some
time.)
sponsor:
1. v. support by
giving money, encouragement or other help
-
The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of
Culture.
- 一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演。 (Some large
companies sponsored this fashion show.)
2) n.
one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal
- a sponsor country 主办国
approach:
1. v. come near or nearer to
- The boys
had approached the tunnel when they played the
game.
- 性能近乎完美。 (The performance
approaches perfection.)
- The young teacher is
easy to approach and all the students like to
answer her questions.
2. n. way
-
每个人的学习方法都不一样。 (Everyone has his own approach to
study.)
pass away: die
- He passed
away peacefully.
Collocation:
pass by
不注意，忽视
pass down 使传下来
pass over
对…不加考虑
pass out 失去知觉，昏倒
pass off
终止，停止
handle:
1. v.
1) manage;
control
- How to handle the contradiction
correctly among the people is important to steady
development. (正确处理人们内部的矛盾对稳定发展很重要。)
2)
touch, lift, or hold with the hands
- Wash
your hands before you handle the white paper.
2. n. a part that is designed to be held or
operated with the hand
- The handle is not
well fixed.
above all: most important of
all
- He was concerned above all with the
truth of the accident.
Collocation：
after
all 毕竟, 终究, 归根结底
at all 完全, 全然
first
of all 首先
in all 总计；总的说来
all but
几乎, 差一点；除…外全部
all in all 总之
balance:
1. n.
1) the difference
between the credit and the debit side; a remainder
- a bank balance (银行余额)
-
剩下来的工资全用来购买花卉栽培的新书上了。 (The balance of the wages
was devoted to
new books on flower culture.)
- You may keep the balance.
2) a weighing
device
- The balance is an apparatus for
weighing, not for you to play.
3) a state of
equilibrium
- 孩子骑在他的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡。 (The
child could keep his balance with his
legs on
his new bicycle.)
2. v.
1) keep or put
sth. in a steady position
- I’m trying to
balance on the ball on one foot in order to win
the prize.
2) show equal totals of debits
and credits
- My accounts balance for the
first time this year!
Text B
II.
Words & Expressions
illegal: adj. against the
law; not legal
- It is illegal to drive a car
that is not taxed and insured.
-
把烟草卖给16岁以下的人是犯法的。(It is illegal to sell tobacco to
someone under 16.)
immigrant: n. someone
who enters another country to live there
permanently
- Illegal immigrants are sent
back across the border if they are caught.
-
新移民主要来自于亚洲和拉丁美洲。(The new immigrants come mainly
from Asia and Latin
America.)
put up
with: tolerate or bear
- Mary could no
longer put up with her husband’s violent temper.
- 多年来工人们不得不忍受低工资和恶劣的工作环境。(For years the
workers have had to put
up with low wages and
terrible working conditions.)
in search
of: searching for
- Many of its best-educated
residents have been driven to neighboring counties
in search of
better jobs.
- 我们在找地方吃饭。(We
are in search of somewhere to eat.)
supervise: vt. watch and direct
- The UN
is supervising the distribution of aid by local
agencies in the disaster area.
-
所有志愿者都由一位有资质的护士来监管。(All volunteers are supervised
by a qualified
nurse.)
temporary:
adj. lasting for a limited time only; not
permanent
- Temporary shelters were hastily
constructed shortly after the earthquake.
-
停战只是危机的临时解决办法。(The ceasefire will only provide a
temporary solution to the
crisis.)
response: n. answer; reaction (followed by
to)
- In response to local demand, we will be
opening this store from nine till seven on
Sundays.
- 把你对这些问题的答案写在纸的反面。(Write your
responses to the questions on the back of
the
sheet.)
risk:
1. vt. take the
chance of; place in danger (used in the pattern:
risk sth.; risk doing sth.)
- When children
start smoking, they don’t realize that they’re
risking their health.
-
当他的公司破产时，他冒着失去房子的风险。(He risked losing his house
when his company
went bankrupt.)
2. n. the
possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger
- Some drivers often break the speed limit,
and they think there’s little risk of getting
caught.
- There is a high risk of injury in
contact sports such as rugby.
- If you tell
him the truth, you run the risk of hurting his
feelings.
- 我们必须停止这些谣言，公司的名声正受到威胁。(We must
stop these rumours; the firm’s
reputation is
at risk.)
acquire: vt. gain by one’s own
ability, efforts, etc.
- The college acquired
a reputation for very high standards.
-
研究使我们对疾病的原因有了新的深刻了解。(Research helps us acquire new
insight into the
causes of diseases.)
make (both) ends meet: earn enough money to
live without getting into debt; balance one’s
income and expenditure
- When my father
lost his job, we could barely make ends meet.
- 自从我妈妈被解雇后，我们就很难收支相抵。(It’s been hard to make
ends meet since my
mom was laid off.)
environment: n. conditions, circumstances,
etc. affecting people’s lives
- As a parent
you try to create a stable home environment for
your children to grow up in.
-
我们已经努力创造一个能让每个人发挥技能的工作环境。(We have tried to create
a working
environment in which everyone can
develop their skills.)
stand a chance of:
be likely to be able to do sth. or to succeed
- Being very good at science subjects, I stood
a good chance of gaining high grades in the final
exams.
- 我认为我没有可能赢得金牌。(I don’t think I
stand a chance of winning a gold medal.)
prospect: n. a mental picture of a future
event
- There seems little prospect of an end
to the dispute.
- 想到将要见到我的偶像，我激动不已。(I felt
very excited at the prospect of meeting my idol.)
reserve: vt. keep for a special purpose;
arrange in advance to have (sth.) (used in the
pattern:
reserve sth. for sb.)
- These
seats are reserved for the elderly and women with
babies.
- 我想预定两个人的桌子。(I’d like to reserve a
table for two.)
rare: adj. not often
happening or seen, etc.; unusual
- A new law
to prevent the export of rare birds is to be
introduced.
- 很难得她上学缺勤一天。(It is very
rare for her to miss a day at school.)
former: adj. happening, existing, or true in
the past, but not now
- Canada is a former
British colony.
- 他前夫现住在休斯敦。(Her former
husband now lives in Houston.)
quit: vt.
stop (doing sth.) and leave (used in the patterns:
quit sth.; quit doing sth.)
- Would you quit
your job if you inherited lots of money?
-
我希望他停止打扰我。(I wish he’d quit bothering me.)
deserve: vt. do sth. or have qualities worthy
of (a reward, special treatment, etc.) (used in
the
patterns: deserve sth.; deserve to do
sth.)
- You deserve more than a medal.
-
说实话，我们确实不应该赢的。(To be honest, we didn’t really
deserve to win.)
impress: vt. have a
favorable effect on (sb.); make (sb.) feel
admiration and respect
- One candidate in
particular impressed us with her knowledge.
-
Steve borrowed his dad’s sports car to impress his
girlfriend.
- We were very impressed by the
standard of work.
- 这男孩的勇敢和坚定给医生留下印象。(The boy
has impressed his doctors with his courage
and
determination.)
show up: arrive; appear
- I invited him for eight o’clock, but he
didn’t show up until nine-thirty.
-
麦克出现了，为迟到而道歉。(Mike showed up, apologizing for
being late.)