陕西工业职业技术学院代码-说明文作文600字

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
Unit 3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry
I: 本单元教学目的：
1. 通过背景讨论、阅读概念学习文章，充分 了解Thompson和Ritchie如何设
计和创建Unix，掌握行业术语；
2. 通 过案例分析文章阅读和学习，学生了解21世纪个人电脑历史上的几个
里程碑以及对社会意义，并能完成 课后的相关案例分析报告；
3. 学生能够撰写商务新闻，并进行口头陈述
4. 了解科技术语翻译
II: 练习题答案
Part One Concept Learning
Task 1 Think before You Read
1.1 Serendipity，是意外发现珍奇事物的才能，机缘凑巧的意思。课文里
Thompson认为Unix系统的产生是serendipity（P38），老师可以带领学生理
解Unix的诞生过程，Thompson的不断实验和改进，引导学生讨论Unix的
诞生是否是机缘巧合，学生的结论很可能两个答案都有支持者，正如Jeff
Bezos和Louis Pasteur的两句名言一样。
亚马逊的创始人Jeff Bezos认 为一切发明也许都是机缘巧合，教师可以引导学
生探究Bezos的成功路径，无论是早期投资谷歌公司 ，还是建立太空公司，
还是目前进军硬件领域，每个决定都是他基于不断思考和创新，不怕失败的
意志，绝非纯粹机缘。
Louis Pasteur是著名的生物学家，他坚信每一个机会都青睐有 准备的人，因
为他一直在实验室中坚持着，他的成功就是因为做了比别人多的实验，不曾
放弃。
1.2
Name
Bill Gates
Ma Yun
Achievement
Make computer available to everyone
Launch E-commerce in China
Alan Mathison Turing Farther of theoretical computer science and
artificial intelligence.
Steven Jobs creative entrepreneur whose passion
revolutionized six industries: personal
computers, animated movies, music, phones,
tablet computing, and digital publishing

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
Zhang Xiaolong Create Wechat, QQ mail, foxmail

其他10位IT行业先锋和领军人物以及他们的事迹（ppt里有）
1. Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer
programmer, Internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is the chairman, chief
executive, and co-founder of the social networking website Facebook. His
personal wealth, as of December 2015, is estimated to be $$46 billion.
2. Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing (June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was a pioneering British
computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and theoretical
biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer
science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation
with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose
computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer
science and artificial intelligence..
3. Steven Paul
Steven Paul “Steve” Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an
American information technology entrepreneur and inventor. He was the
co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc.; CEO and
largest shareholder of Pixar Animation Studios; a member of The Walt Disney
Company‘s board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and founder,
chairman, and CEO of NeXT Inc. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the
microcomputer revolution of the 1970s, along with Apple co-founder Steve
Wozniak. Shortly after his death, Jobs’s official biographer, Walter Isaacson,
described him as the “creative entrepreneur whose passion for perfection and
ferocious drive revolutionized six industries: personal computers, animated
movies, music, phones, tablet computing, and digital publishing.”
4. Marvin Minsky
Marvin Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) has made many
contributions to AI, cognitive psychology, mathematics, computational linguistics,
robotics, and optics. His conception of human intellectual structure and
function is presented in two books: The Emotion Machine and The Society of
Mind (which is also the title of the course he teaches at MIT).
He received the BA and PhD in mathematics at Harvard (1950) and Princeton
(1954). In 1951 he built the SNARC, the first neural network simulator. His other
inventions include mechanical arms, hands and other robotic devices, the
Confocal Scanning Microscope, the synthesizer for musical variations
(with E. Fredkin), and one of the first LOGO

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
and Argentine NAS, he has received the ACM Turing Award, the MIT Killian
Award, the Japan Prize, the IJCAI Research Excellence Award, the Rank Prize and
the Robert Wood Prize for Optoelectronics, and the Benjamin Franklin Medal.
5. Linus Benedict Torvalds
Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnish-American
software engineer, who is the creator of the Linux kernel and for a long time,
principal developer; that became the kernel for operating systems (and many
distributions of each), such as GNU and years later Android and Chrome OS. He
also created the distributed revision control system git. He was honored, along
with Shinya Yamanaka, with the 2012 Millennium Technology Prize by the
Technology Academy Finland recognition of his creation of a new open
source operating system for computers leading to the widely used Linux kernel
He is also the recipient of the 2014 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer
Award.
6. John von Neumann
John von Neumann (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a
Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, and
polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including
mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory,
geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics,
hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics
(game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming,
self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.
He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics,
in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan
Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few
originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and
the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital
computer. He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in
physics, and 60 in applied mathematics.
7. Gordon Earle Moore
Gordon Earle Moore (born January 3, 1929) is an American businessman,
co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of Intel Corporation, and the author of
Moore's law.
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense
integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. The observation is
named after Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder of Intel and Fairchild
Semiconductor, whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the
number of components per integrated circuit, and projected this rate of growth
would continue for at least another decade.
In 1975, looking forward to the next decade, he revised the forecast to doubling
every two years. His prediction proved accurate for several decades, and the law

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
was used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set
targets for research and development. Advancements in digital electronics are
strongly linked to Moore's law: quality- adjusted microprocessor prices, memory
capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras.
8. Bob Metcalfe
Bob Metcalfe (born April 7, 1946) is best known for co-inventing the Ethernet,
today’s standard packet plumbing for the Internet, in 1973 and for founding
3Com Corporation in 1979 (merged with Hewlett-Packard in 2010), an early
provider of Internet hardware and software. Starting in January 2011, he holds
the position of Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of Innovation at
The University of Texas at Austin.
On Aug. 3 in Berlin, the Internet Society inducted Professor Bob Metcalfe into
the Internet Hall of Fame for his significant contributions to the advancement
of the global Internet.
Read more about Bob Metcalfe at http:199811metcalfe
9. Michael Saul Dell
Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965) is an American business magnate,
investor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder and CEO of Dell Inc., one
of the world’s leading sellers of personal computers (PCs). He was ranked the
41st richest person in the world on 2012 Forbes list of billionaires, with a net
worth of US$$22.4 billion as of December 2014.
In 2011, his 243.35 million shares of Dell stock were worth $$3.5 billion, giving
him 12% ownership of the company. His remaining wealth of roughly $$10
billion is invested in other companies and is managed by a firm whose name,
MSD Capital, incorporates Dell's initials. On January 5, 2013 it was announced
that Michael Dell had bid to take Dell Inc. private for $$24.4 billion in the biggest
management buyout since the Great Recession.
10. Douglas Carl Engelbart
Douglas Carl Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American
engineer and inventor, and an early computer and Internet pioneer. He is best
known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction,
particularly while at his Augmentation Research Center Lab in SRI International,
resulting in the invention of the computer mouse, and the development of
hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to graphical user interfaces.
Engelbart's Law, the observation that the intrinsic rate of human performance is
exponential, is named after him.

2.1 Find out the Chinese equivalent to each of the following technical terms.

English technical terms Chinese equivalents

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
Turing Award
operating system
hierarchical file system
command-line interpreter
The kernel
alma mater
mainframe computers
Source code

图灵奖
操作系统
分层文件系统，递阶系统
命令行编译器
内核
母校
大型机
源代码
2.2 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. Who is Kenneth Thompson?
Kenneth Thompson is an American pioneer of computer science. Having worked
at Bell Labs for most of his career, Thompson designed and implemented the
original Unix operating system and invented the B programming language.
2. What is the project of Multics operating system designed for?
Multics (Multiplexing Information and Computer Services) was an experimental
operating system for GE-645 mainframe, developed in 1960s by MIT, Bell Labs,
and GE.
3. How was the idea of now ubiquitous Unix was born?
In 1969, Bell Labs withdrew from the MULTICS project and Thompson decided to
write his own operating system to run his game. With the help of his colleagues ,
they made experiment with some Multics concepts and redo it on a much
smaller scale. Thus the idea of now ubiquitous Unix was born.
4. Could you describe PDF 7？
PDF 7 is a minicomputer, and Ken Thompson wrote the first UNIX system in
assembly language on a PDF-7.
5. What was the benefit of returning to UCB in 1975 for Ken?
For Thompson, the benefit was, in addition to the nostalgia, the opportunity to
work with a new group of people and the consequent additional intellectual
stimulation.
6. Ken viewed the great success of UNIX as being largely a matter of serendipity.
What do you think of this “serendipity”?
Serendipity comes after hard work and commitment before we finally discover
or create valuable things.
7. Ken viewed his own success in developing the system to the fact that he is a
bottom-up thinker. What did he mean by bottom-up thinker?
A bottom-up thinker starts from the details rather than a general idea, who can
link elements together to form larger subsystems, which then in turn are linked,
sometimes in many levels, until a complete top-level system is formed.
8. Paraphrase on this this sentence, “It is also an example of how a single person

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
with an idea and dedication can accomplish something that eludes large
organizations with huge concentrations of talent and massive budgets.”
A single person with an idea and dedication can also change the world, whereas
large organizations with talents and massive budgets sometimes will fail to
accomplish.
2.3 Complete the following sentences by using the words and expressions in the
box.
1. ubiquitous
2. massive
3. facilitate
4. withdraw
5. paradigm
6. launch
7. initially
8. portable
2.4 Further Discussion
1. What is the role of Unix in IT development?
The discussion can focus on two aspects: 1) it is free and open source; 2) it plays
a vital role for Android system, which is built on top of the Linux kernel
2. Share your experience of intellectual stimulation and summarize the key
elements for beneficial intellectual stimulation.
The discussion could revolve around two phases: 1) reflecting the experience of
learning with community, such as with classmates, with lab teammates, etc. 2)
reflecting on the benefit of intellectual stimulation, for example, reasoning
connectionquestionsideas etc.
3.2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 20世纪60年代，美国电话电报公司贝尔实验室年轻的工程师肯尼斯（肯） ·汤
普森正为Multics操作系统项目工作。Multics项目全称为多用户信息计算机操作系统，它是为20世纪60年代麻省理工大学、贝尔实验室和通用电器公司联合研
发的GE-645 大型机开发的实验性操作系统。
2. 毫无疑问，这个超小内存是汤普森仍能将小巧的操作系统保持典 雅简洁特色
的关键因素，是Linux系统以及其后的子系统均取得成功的重要原因。
3. 他花费了一个星期时间写内核程序（操作系统的核心），一个星期写外壳程
序（用于读取和运行敲入计算 机的命令），一个星期写编辑程序，一个星期写汇
编程序（将源代码转换成计算机的CPU能理解的机器 代码）。
4. 这也导致了1975年汤普森回归他的母校- 加州大学伯克利分校，一直到1976

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
年 ，他都在那里担任访问教授。这所大学早就开始使用Unix操作系统，汤普森
也想协助进一步改良Un ix系统。
5. 汤普森和丹尼斯·里奇一起赢得1983年的美国计算机协会图灵奖，1999年的
美国国家技术奖章，2011年的日本国际奖。
Part Two Case Learning
Task 2: case analysis
2.1 Briefly summarize the milestones in the personal computer industry in 21st
century.
According to the passage, the greatest milestone of all for the PC was the launch
of Windows 3.0 in 1990, and the iPad was the milestone product that marked the
beginning of the end for the PC industry.
2.2 Report the development of Windows from Window 3.0 to Window 8.
Windows 3.0 was considered as the greatest milestone of all for the PC.
However, as smartphones and tablet computers became increasingly dominant, the
launch of Windows 8 did not act as the hope for Microsoft, the once one of the
world’s biggest companies began to shift to the post-PC era where Windows has little
role.
2.3 Illustrate how Microsoft and Apple change the world respectively.
Microsoft did put a PC on every desk and in every home, and Microsoft
commoditized computing hardware and made computing accessible to the masses.
Apple started the mobile computing revolution and change the world in the way we
look at technology.
There is a saying, “Microsoft clearly had a bigger impact on the world than Apple.
The fact that we all love Apple products and they're gorgeous doesn't change the fact
that the company that actually made the world realize the magic of software, and
made computing accessible to almost everyone on the planet, is Microsoft”. What
do you think?
2.4 Browse the internet to find out details about Steve Ballmer’s early retirement
in 2013 and give your comments.
In a May 2012 column in Forbes magazine, Adam Hartung described Ballmer as

Microsoft out of some of the fastest growing and most lucrative tech markets”.
Ballmer announced his retirement in 2013, after losing billions of dollars in
acquisitions and on the Surface tablet. Microsoft's stock price rebounded on the
news.
Ballmer says that he regretted the lack of focus on Windows Mobile in the early
2000s, leaving Microsoft a distant third in the current smartphone market.
2.5 Where would Microsoft go with Windows in the next 10 years?

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
With the potential dominance of Windows 10, Bing, Windows phone and some
fun games, Microsoft will still be a leading role in PC world.
Part Three IT business writing
Task for writing a business news story in English(这里两个任务，至少给出一个样文)
2. Sample writing:
Alibaba Group announced the integration of its auto business and set Ali Auto Branch
today. Wang Licheng, the previous GM of Juhuasuan, is assigned as Head of Ali Auto
Branch.
Ali Auto is to put together the three businesses of Alibaba Group：Big Data business,
Auto Finance and the platform with 60million car owners. It would coordinate
partners on the ecological auto-industry chains and provide a O2O full link one-stop
service of “look, choose, buy, use, and sell” for auto drivers.
Noticeably, Ali has joint set a Internet Auto Fund with Shanghai Auto this March. The
Fund is to promote online-auto development and platform construction. It would act
as an open capital platform to attract more online-auto participants. The first
cooperated online-auto would be on market in 2016.
Then, Wang Jian, Alibaba CTO, said that Internet Car would improve the human-car
interaction as well as interaction between cars, cars and roads, cars and
infrastructure. The four dimension interaction among human, car, road and
infrastructure would lead the trend and set a foundation for unmanned driving
technology.
Ali Auto is going to expand and integrate its resources and launch the new strategy
together with partners in related field through forum and other media during the
Shanghai Auto Exhibit this year.
Part Five Reading for More
1. In less than 150 years, management has transformed the social and economic
fabric of the world’s developed countries. It has created a global economy and set
new rules for countries that would participate in that economy as equals.
2. The fundamental task of management remains the same: to make people
capable of joint performance through common goals, common values, the right
structure, and the training and development they need to perform and to
respond to change.

III: 文章参考译文
1. Part One Concept Learning:
Unix的诞生
肯·汤普森出生于1943年2月4日，是美国计算机 科学界的先锋，黑客圈子里大
家也称呼他为Ken。汤普森职业生涯的大部分时间都是在贝尔实验室度过 的，他

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
设计并实现了最初的Unix操 作系统。他还最早发明了C语言的前身B语言，他
也是操作系统Plan 9的主要作者和研发者之一。 2006年以来，汤普森一直在谷
歌工作，他在谷歌负责共同编写Go编程语言。
1983年，鉴于对通用操作系统理论的发展，尤其是Unix 操作系统实现方面的贡
献，汤普森和瑞奇共同获得图灵奖。
20世纪60年代末，贝尔实验室 年轻的工程师肯·汤普森正在参与Multics操作系
统项目的工作。Multics（多程序信息和 计算机服务）是一项为GE-645大型机研
发的实验性操作系统项目，由麻省理工学院、贝尔实验室、 和通用电气公司三方
联合研制。虽然引入很多创新，但是问题很多。
1969年是神奇的一年 ，人类登上月球，ARPANET（互联网的前身）被发展起来，
Unix诞生，有趣的事件一件接一件 。这一年，汤普森编写了太空旅行这款游戏。
1969年，由于进展缓慢，困难重重，贝尔实验室宣布 从MULTICS项目中撤出，
汤普森决定自己写一个操作系统，主要是因为他想写一款像样的系统以便 太空旅
行这个游戏可以在PDP-7的及其上运行起来。基于PDD-7机器以及组合语言，汤
普森和瑞奇带领的研究团队研发了层级文件系统，计算机加工和文件分类的概念，
命令行编译器，和一些 小的系统。太空旅行游戏，能够让飞行员驾驶一辆汽车在
太阳系中模拟飞行，观察景色并且降落在不同的 星球和卫星上，比任何其他游戏
都更加推动计算机工业发展。
在同事丹尼斯·里奇，道格拉斯 ·麦克罗伊，乔·奥珊那的帮助下，汤普森决定利用
Multics的概念，重新编写一个小型的系统。 这也就是现在无处无在的Unix系统
的诞生的过程。
他花了一周时间写内核（即，操作系统 的核心），壳（用来读取并运行被输入到
计算机的命令），一个编辑器和汇编（一个程序源代码转换成可 以由计算机的CPU
直接理解机器码）。
在PDP-7机器上，他研发并首次运行了操作系统 ，PDP-7有一个18位的字长度
（与此相反的，现在几乎普遍八位字长度），并只有四个千字节的3 内存（这是
现代软盘内存容量的很小的一部分）。这种极小的内存，无疑是让汤普森将他的
操作 系统保持小、却优雅简约的主要因素，反过来，也对Unix的后代（包括Linux）
的巨大成功发挥 了重要作用。1972年，汤普森改写了UNIX内核C.这是保证系统
未来成功之举，因为它更加便于 携带。
1973年汤普森做了关于UNIX的第一次公开演讲。次年，基于这次个演讲的论文
被一个著名的杂志出版，由此，这个系统在学术界有了很大知名度。这也促成了
他1975年回归母校- UCB，他在那里担任客座教授直到1976年。UCB早就开始使
用Unix，汤普森希望协助其进一 步发展该系统。对于汤普森的好处是，除了怀旧，
还有机会与一群新人合作，以及随之带来的心智上的启 迪。他的回归也促成了
UCB成为UNIX的两大领先开发商之一（另外一个是贝尔实验室）。
汤普森认为UNIX的巨大成功为是机缘巧合而已。但也是由于这样的事实，它促
成了从高度集中的大 型计算机向更小，更便宜，能够运行标准操作系统的分散电
脑转变，而不是由它们的制造商完全掌控。他 个人认为开发系统的过程中，他是
一个自下而上的思想家，也就是说，他着眼于复杂系统的基本组件以及 它们如何

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
相互作用，而不是首先着眼于复杂的系统本身。
和Linux的创始人Linus Torv alds一样，汤普森也是历史在合适的时间选择的一个
已经随时准备好的合适人选，从而造就的一个典 范。这也是一个拥有思想和奉献
精神的独立个体，如何能在没有大型机构的众多人才资源和充足预算情况 下，仍
然成功的案例。
UNIX的持久性，可靠性和安全性体现了其设计的卓越，也因此一直 适应当代社
会的使用。和丹尼斯·瑞奇一起，汤普森荣获ACM图灵奖（1983年），美国国家
科学技术奖章（1999年），以及日本国际奖（2011年）。
2. Part Two Case Learning：
21世纪个人电脑业的里程碑
“在我们这个行业，到今天为 止只有过两次里程碑式的产品”，史蒂夫•乔布斯在
1984年告诉波士顿计算俱乐部。 “第一次是1977年的Apple II产品，第二次是
1981年的IBM PC”。 彼时，乔布斯正在宣布苹果Mac的第三次突破。 上周，
Apple Mac已经30岁了。回首个人电脑四十年的历史，乔布斯声称Apple Mac是
行业的第三个里程 碑的说法是经得起推敲的，但是，个人电脑历史上最大的里程
碑是1990年发布的WIndow3.0 .
 Windows的崛起
Windows 3.0改变了这个行业的商业模式，它建立了软件厂商-特别是微软公司-
作为硬件制造商的江湖主导地 位，这种转变曾经几乎扼杀苹果公司，并最终使很
多个人电脑制造商走向破产。微软之于苹果公司，IB M，Atari公司和许多其他系
统的优越性，是用户没有被锁定到一个供应商的产品。
Wi ndows3.0这一里程碑更重要的意义体现在它促使软件产业的重新洗牌，许多
传统的供应商，例如 最显眼的WordPerfect，虽然Windows图形用户界面（GUI）
也是昙花一现，但大多 数办公室文员仍然更喜欢使用键盘指令，而不是鼠标点击。
(标注：WordPerfect是Core l公司1996发行的一套办公软件)。
WordPerfect在判断市场方面犯了巨大的错误，当 它也发行自己产品的Windows
版本时，微软公司已经用Word以及与之捆绑一起，当今掌控商业 社会的Office
套件，控制了关键的几个主要市场份额。
 走向移动
可以说 直到下一个里程碑出现之前，微软的日子一直很好过。下一个里程碑的标
志是史蒂夫·乔布斯，iPho ne的推出真正改变了智能手机行业，是移动产品最终
会动摇个人电脑产业的最早迹象。有意思的是，对 比乔布斯标志性的2007年
iPhone产片发布会上的演讲，1984年在波士顿的演讲就颇先粗糙 ，虽然两个演
讲都足以显示史蒂夫·乔布斯既是一个优秀的销售，更是他自己产品的狂热信徒。
 个人电脑的最后一个里程碑
三年后，史蒂夫•乔布斯发布了标志着个人电脑产业走向终点 的里程碑式的产品
-iPad，iPad最终满足了企业和消费者对移动计算设备的期待。

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
苹果的iPad也标志着计算机行业的根本性转变-- 不再是软件企业控制市场，权力
重新转移回生产厂家。
从那一时刻开始，个人电脑，以及微软的Windows业务，开始了终结性的下滑。
个人电 脑的起伏是技术转型的一大例证。史蒂夫•乔布斯标志个人电脑行业的一
个开始和终结，这是技术改变家 庭和工作场所的一个有趣的注释。
微软缓慢走向后PC时代以及Windows的终结
几年 以来，微软逐步走向后PC时代的话题一直是这个博客的热点，特别是公司
旗舰产品Windows系统 在一个由智能手机和平板电脑主宰的世界变得逐渐无关
紧要的时候。
此次推出的Windows 8和Surface平板电脑是公司很大的希望，但现在看来，一
度使得微软构建成世界最大的公司之一的商业模式注定要失败。微软正逐步向后
PC时代转移，但是Wi ndows对此没有什么作用了。
昨天的财务结果强调了这一转变，和去年营业收入相比，消费者授权 业务下降了
6％，而公司的总收入增长14％， 传统的消费者业务Windows奄奄一息。
该公司季度报告显示，实际交付成长的业务单位都在非Windows业务。
•SQL服务器继续获得更大市场份额，收入增长双位数
•系统中心呈现持续力，实现两位数的收入增长
•商业云服务收入增长了一倍多
•Office 365和Azure的客户均实现三位数字的增长。
深入探究这些和Windows 的前景相反的数字更让人觉得事态严峻。这是
Windows业务过去十年的业绩图表。
正如我们看到的，直到iPad的到来之前，微软Windows业务一直业绩很好。
在苹果 公司证明平板电脑可以满足商用和家用客户对便携设备的各种需求后，
Windows的收入开始停滞不 前，现在的收入和利润都在下降。
即将离任的CEO史蒂夫·鲍尔默承认的设备和服务策略是Wind ows逐步成为不
相关业务的写照。现在还很难看出微软会如何谋划Windows的去向，该产品仍< br>然占据公司总收入的22％- 虽然和去年相比下降了27％， 当然也很难看到一个
价值数百亿的独立业务被买家带走。
对于史蒂夫·鲍尔默的继任者来说， 如何处理Windows的问题是他将不得不面
对的众多问题之一，尽管曾经的标志性产品的未来已经不 能定义未来的业务了。
3. Part Five Reading for More
管 理其实是关于人的工作。管理的任务就是让人们齐心协力，有效地发挥个人的
长处，回避不足。管理是公 司的精要工作，也正因为此，管理工作被认为是至关
重要的、决定性的因素。如今，事实上我们大家都为 某一管理中的机构公司，无
论大、小，商业或者非商业机构，我们的生活依赖于管理。我们对社会贡献的 能

Unit3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry IT职场英语教师用书
力取决于我们服务的机构的管理，而同时我们所服务的机构也依赖于我们的技能、
奉献和努力。
因为管理就是在共同的商业活动中处理人的融合问题，因此说管理必须扎根于文
化。无论是在德 国、英国、美国、日本和巴西，经理们做的事情本质上都是一样
的。当然他们如何完成这个任务是不一样 的。发展中国家经理们面对挑战之一是
去发现并识别出本国的传统、历史和文化中哪些要素可以被用用作 管理工作的基
石。
IV : 拓展训练相关文本
Transcript for listen for more
Already known for having one of the best smartphone cameras on the market,
iPhone may be upgrading to not one but two rear-facing cameras to capture those
shots.
Though still eight months away from a possible iPhone 7 launch, the rumor mill is
spinning indications the iPhone 7 Plus will come with a dual-camera system on the
back of the device.
This according to Mac Rumors, the functionality of a dual camera is unclear, though
such a system would make 3D capture possible.
translation for listen for more
苹果手机照相功能世界领先，下一代iPhone或将后置双镜头。
尽管iPhone 7的上市时间还有8个月之久，但有传言表明，iPhone 7 Plus或将配
置双后镜头。
据科技网站Mac Rumors报道，双镜头功能还不清楚，但或将显示3D效果。