英语课PPT
惊弓之鸟的故事-商业策划书格式
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全能语法班
（一）建立英文思维，
中英思维差异1
中：含蓄／好戏在后头
英：直接／开门见山
中英思维差异2
中：主体性思维
英：客体性思维
When
reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had
been
spotted forty-five miles south of London,
they were not taken
seriously.
译文：当伦敦动物园
接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这
些报告并没有受到重视。
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a
single man in possession
of
a good
fortune must be in want of a wife.
译文：人们公认这样一个事实，一个有钱的单身男子一定想要娶个妻子。
中英思维差异3
中：形象表达法
英：抽象表达法
家里已有五个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。
As the parents had
five children, life was a perpetual struggle
against
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poverty.
－－(Lesson 45: The Power of the Press)
简单句的五大句型
1. 主谓：－You jump; I jump.
In youth, we learn.
In old age, we
understand.
2. 主谓宾：I love three things,
the sun, the moon and you. The sun for
the
day, the moon for the night, and you ,forever.
3. 主谓＋双宾
- Please do me a favor.
- Love gives us a fairy tale.
－直接宾语指的是与谓语动词发生直接联系的名词 通常是物
－间接宾语指的是动作所指向的方向 通常是人
give sb
sth(sb.是间宾 sth.是直宾)=give sth to sb
cook
sb sth(sb.是间宾 sth.是直宾)=cook sth for sb
4.
主+谓+ 宾+宾补
- I found the book easy.
-Love makes man grow up or sink down.
5. 主+系+表
系动词：linking verb（连接主语和后面的成分）
-You are my sunshine
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（二）英文思维黄金法则
1. 谓语单一原则
－一个简单句只能有一个谓语。
－如果要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式：
a. 连词
b. 非谓语动词
C.
从句
2. 句子分类：简单句，并列句，复杂句
Life is
fragile, and evil is real, but courage triumphs.
——Bush
We are all in the gutter, but
some of us are looking at the stars .
——Oscar Wilde
复合句
－复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
－主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存
在。
－从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。所不同在于，从句须由一
个关联词引导。
3. 如何在主从复合句中找到主句
第一步：划出所有引导词。
第二步：引导词之后的第一个动词为从句谓语动词。
第三步：所有从句谓语动词找到之后，最后剩下的即为主语谓
语动词。
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4. 引导词省略的情况：
－ 宾语从句的引导词that 经常省略
－定语从句的先行词如果在从句里做宾语时，引导词常省略。
（三）名词性从句
把完整的句子当名词使用在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语
时，就被称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句或同位语从句。
1.
名词性从句的引导词
－that: 无词义，在从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用。
－whether if : 是否 有词义，不做成分，连接作用。
－whowhom: 谁；what: …； which: 哪一个
whose: 谁的
when: 什么时候
where: 什么地方 why: 为什么
有词义，充当从句中的成分
2. 主语从句
What is
worth doing is worth doing well. 凡事只要值得做，就值得做好。
主语从句的变体：
It is +形容词+that 从句
• It
is clear that…… 显然……
• It is natural that……
很自然……
• It is fortunate that ……幸运的是……
• It
is likely that ……很可能……
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• It is a pity that……可惜的是……
• It is
no wonder that……难怪……
• It is a shame
that……遗憾的是……
• It is a common knowledge that
…是常识
•
主语从句的写作应用：
• 利弊作文结尾句
•
Whether …is blessing or cursing is a difficult
question to answer,
yet the comfort or
convenience that it brings will not be
eliminated.
宾语从句：
当你身处困境的时候，就会知道谁是你真正的朋友。
When you are in
trouble, you will find who your real friend is.
注意1：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。（主谓）
注意2: 形式宾语的阅读难点
主＋谓＋it＋宾补＋宾语从句
He made it clear that he
opposed this project.
表语从句：
The
question is whether the God really exists.
That was because he was ashamed of himself.
注意：whether 可引导表语从句，但if不可以。
because
可以引导表语从句。
同位语从句：
一般修饰抽象名词，例如:truth,
idea, news, information, hope
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注意：逆向思维帮助化解阅读难度。
形式通常为：抽象n+that＋陈述句
特殊引导词：whether, where,
who, when
The idea that he told me was
true.
The idea that the number 13 will bring
bad luck is true.
同从和定从的区别：
1.
同位语从句是名词后的完整句，
定语从句是名词后不完整的句子。
2.
同位语从句和其修饰的名词内容相等，
定语从句内容不相等。
同位语从句的写作应用：
1. The change in A largely
results from the fact that B
A:
可替换为society，ideology（意识形态）…
B：完整的陈述句。
result from 还可替换为：due to, derive from, because of
2. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…
它揭示了一个毋庸置疑的事实，那就是…
（四）语法综合应用及定语从句
一、语法综合应用
前三节课的语法重点：
1. 简单句的五大句型。
2. 简单句的重要结构：A of B
3. 名词性从句 （尤其是宾语从句）
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4. 两个名词是句子的天然隔断。
应用一：应用文投诉信的万能句型
1. I am writing to
express my concern (dissatisfaction
disappointment)
about the service of your
restaurant.
2. We would like to draw the
attention of the authorities concerned to
something they obviously failed to notice
3. I sincerely hope that the authorities
concerned will consider my
suggestion and
improve the situation as best as they can.
4.
We trust that you will now consider this matter
seriously and make an
effort to prevent the
recurrence of this problem.
应用二：图画作文开头段：
1. It is vividly described in the picture that
a lamp is listening in
the darkness a spark is
smiling in the darkness. The caption reads,
“
love is like a lamp which is brighter in darker
places.”
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2. The picture vividly depict that a boy is
making the final spurt along
the race track.
We are informed that “ the finishing line is also
the starting point.”
3. The drawings
vividly illustrate the noise and uproar in the big
city
and the peace and tranquility of the
country life.
补充：图画作文必备四组词
1. 图
=photo, （照片）
=sketch, （素描）
=drawing,
（画）
=cartoon, （漫画）
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=chart (图表)
2. 示
=show,
=reflect,
=convey,
=
indicate, reveal,
= illustrate,
=demonstrate
3.象征
=represent,
=symbolize,
=epitomize,
（成为…缩影）
=be naturally associated with 自然联系到
4. 意义
=implication 暗示
=symbolic meaning 象征意义
=subtle connotation
微妙的含义
二、定语从句
1. 概述
-
在英语中，我们通常用一个形容词作定语修饰名词或代词。若要表达更
复杂的意思，需借助一个句子来修饰名词。
-
这个被修饰的名词／代词因为总在定语从句前面，所以被称为先行词。
-
引导定语从句的词，被称为关系词。
2. 定语从句的三个重要概念
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①先行词----被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象。
②引导词----连接主句和从句，在定语从句中充当一定成分的词。
③不完整的句子
三. 关系词
关系代词
- 先行词指人：who, whom
- 先行词指物：which
- 先行词指人指物均可：that
-
先行词指人或物的所有关系：whose
- The world is full of
people whose notion of a satisfactory future
is, in fact, a return to the idealized past.
关系副词
- 时间状语：when
- 地点状语：where
The dictionary is the only place where success
comes before work.
- 原因状语：when
练习：I will never forget the day ____we met for
the first time.
A. which B. when
C. that D. on that
• I will never
forget the time______I spent on campus.
A.
which B. when C. who D. on
that
You should make it a rule to leave things
____ you can find them again.
A. when
B. where C. then D. there
四.理解定语从句的关键----找到先行词
1.
先行词通常为词（名词或代词）／词组
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• A wanderer who is determined to reach his
destination will never
fear the rain.
2.
先行词也可以是一个句子（非限制性定语从句）
－不用逗号隔开----限制性定语从句
作
用：用来提供必要的信息，以说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身份或性质，或
用来限制先行词所指的范围
。若去掉限制性定语从句，则主句部分含义不明确，
意义不完整。
don’t like
people.
I don’t like people who never
keep their words.
－用逗号隔开----非限制性定语从句
作用：用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或
说明。若去掉非限，整
个主句意义一样很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。
. Criticism can create
high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
. I can’t give you the formula for success,
but I can give you the formula
for failure,
which is trying to please everybody.
非限写作应用
－Some people argue that … has some merits,
which can be listed as follows.
First and
foremost,…., Additionally,….
与as 引导非限有关的作文精品句型
As is seen from the chart,
As is
vividly depicted in the cartoon above,
As is
apparently illustrated by the pictures above,
As can be noticed from the table graph figure,
there is a marked
increasedecline favorable
change in….
五. 先行词和引导词的分隔现象
1.先行词+其它成分+定语从句
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. Changes in the social structure may
indirectly affect teenager crime
rates. For
example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer
job
opportunity for youth.
练习：The film
brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken
good
care of in that far-away village.
A. who B. that C. when
D. where
2. 作主语的先行词+谓语部分+定语从句
. He
can conquer the world who can conquer himself.
• Question : 如何寻找定语从句真正修饰的先行词
•
方法一：翻译法
Step 1 : 翻译定语从句
Step 2
: 将翻译后的定语从句+ “的”，再和从句之前的名词
由近及远地进行搭配，根据句义和逻辑找出真正修饰的先行词。
•
方法二：主谓一致（主语和谓语要在人称和数上保持一致）
练习：The words used
by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions
in the listener _____ interfere with his
comprehension.
A. who
B. as
C. which D.
what
（五）定语从句难点及状语从句
六. 定语从句难点
1.
先行词＋介词＋whichwhom
Experts have studies the
areas most affected and have drawn
up a map
for local people, forecasting the year in which
their
homes will be swallowed up by the
hungry sea. (20016)
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2. 表示所属关系或部分整体关系时用介词of
在介词of
前面常出现的词包括：all, each, both, either, neither, many,
some, most, half, the majority, 数字及最高级等。
练习：. Living in the central Australian desert
has its problems, ____
obtaining water is not
the least.
A. of which
B. for what
C. as
D. whose
写成两句就明白了：Living in the central
Australian desert has its problem.
Of its problems, obtaining water is not the least.
of 放在句首表范围
Of all the countries, China
will be the best.
Of all my students, you will
top the best.
练习：She showed the visitors a
round the museum, construction ______had
taken
more than three years.
A. for which
B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
English is a language shared by
several diverse culture, _________ uses
it
differently.
A. all of which
B. each of which
C. all of them
D. each of them
阅读原则：
1.
将介词和先行词搭配。
2. 将介词和从句中的谓语搭配。
练习：In the
dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____she
could
turn for help.
A. that
B. who
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C. from
whom D. to whom
定语从句写作应用：
• 对比观点式作文万能第一句
• There is no denying the
fact that ….has been a prevalent topic with
which university students are confronted. And
there is no consensus
of opinion among people
concerning the controversial issue.
定语从句翻译原则：
1. 前置法：若定语从句结构简短，把从句翻译成带“的”的词组，放置于被
修饰的词之前。
2. 拆分法：若定语从句结构复杂，需拆分成两句翻译，并重复先行词。
.
Social science is that branch of intellectual
enquiry which seeks
to study humans and their
endeavors in the systematic, manner that
natural scientists use for the study of
natural phenomena.
. Anyone whose goal
is “something higher” must expect someday to
suffer vertigo, what is vertigo Fear of
falling No, vertigo is something
other than
fear of falling. It is the voice of the emptiness
below us which
tempts and lures us. It is the
desire to fall against which we defend
ourselves.
七．长难句阅读及翻译方法
1）分析和拆分结构
基本原则
－拆分主从句。（复合句）
－拆分主干和修饰。（简单句）
－利用信号词。
信号词原则：
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1. 连词：
－and, or, but, yet, for
等连接并列句的连词。
－连接状语从句的连接词：when, as, since,
until,
before, after, where, because,
since, though,
although, so that
2. 关系词：
－who, whom, whose, what,
which ,whatever, whichever,
when,
where, how, why
3. 介词：
－on, in, with,
at, of, to
4. 不定式符号：to
5.
分词：过去分词和现在分词常构成修饰语
6. 标点符号
3）调整翻译语序
定语的语序
－中文的定语一般在修饰词之前，英文简单定语在前，复杂定语（短语或定语
从句）通常在后。
前置法：简单定语译为“的”结构
拆分法：复杂定语单独译为一句，重复先行词。
练习长难句分析结构：
--The first time that the
question “What is at the bottom of oceans”
had
to be answered with any commercial consequence was
when the laying
of a telegraph cable from
Europe to America was proposed.
-- Creating a
“European identity” that respects the different
cultures
and traditions which go to make up
the connecting fabric of the Old
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Continent is no easy
task and demands a strategic choice.
不同的文化和
传统将欧洲大陆连接在一起，创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的欧
洲身份并不是一件容易的事，需要人们作
出策略性的选择。
状语的语序
－
简短状语放在修饰动词之前，复杂状语（状语从句）在 整个句子的主干
之前或之后翻译。
逻辑顺序：前因后果多主动
状语从句
一.概述
①
九类状语从句
---时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式
②
状语从句就是用连词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定的逻辑关
系。
1.时间状语从句 （if）
• When you consciously
undergo a major life transition, be patient
with yourself.
常见其他连词：unless（除非），once （一旦）, in case （以免)
• 1. It is always the best policy to speak the
truth----unless, of
course, you are an
exceptionally good liar.
• 2. All truths are
easy to understand once they are discovered; the
point is how to discover them .
• 3. Take
more money, in case (that) some accident happens.
注意：如何区分where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句
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如何区分when 引导的定语从句和时间状语从句
判断原则：若是定语从句，则where 前面必须有被修饰的地点名词；若where
前
面没有被修饰的名词，则为地点状语从句。
2.条件状语从句
常见连词：if
－Fear is your best friend or your worst
enemy. It is like fire. If you
can control it,
it can cook for you or heat your you can’t , it
will
burn everything around you, even destroy
you. （双刃剑的比喻写法）
－If you are not born to be
intelligent, please make sure that you are
at
least diligent . 若非天赋异禀，但愿足够奋进。
－If Winter
comes, can Spring be far behind
---
Ode to the West Wind
3. 让步状语从句
Although the world is full of suffering, it is
also full of the overcoming
of it.
----Hellen Keller
虽然世间多苦难，但苦难总是能战胜的。
纵有苦难千种，亦存正道万般。
让步状语从句的难点
1)whatever however wheneverwherever whichever
既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。
2) no matter what
how when where which
=whatever however
whenever wherever whichever
练习判断：Whoever he
is isn’t so important. 主语从句
I
didn’t want to know whatever he thought. 宾语从句
whatever he needs, we will satisfy him at once.
状语从句
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No matter what he needs, we will satisfy him at
once.状语从
句
注意：no matter 系列 只引导状语从句，表示“无论…”
no matter 系列不能引导名词性从句，
让步状语从句的倒装句：
As 引导的让步倒装句
adjadv
分词
+as +主语+谓语动词
名词（无冠词）
. YoungChild as he
is, he is knowledgeable.
As 引导的让步倒装句的写作应用
（引出另一种观点）
Wonderful as … is,
however, it is not without
shortcomings.
正常语序的让步状语从句
DespiteIn spite of all
the merits, they bring their own negative
effects.
As 引导的让步倒装句在写作中的应用
1. 图画／图表作文：
Simple as the picture is, the
symbolic meaning should be considered
with
more insight.
2. 话题性作文：
Indispensable as XX is, its unfavorable factors
are apparent to be
found in the following
aspects.
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（六）状语从句难点及应用
状语从句的省略
1. While
visiting the city, they received a warm welcome.
2. When asked why he was late, he kept silent.
3. Once begun, it must be done well.
4.
Write to me if necessary.
注意：当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，
且从句中含有系动词，则将从
句主语和系动词一起省略。（注意：必须一起）
状语从句三大难点：
难点 1. while
1）引导时间状语从句。当…时候，后面必须是持续性动词
Strike while
the iron is hot.
2）引导让步状语从句。一般位于句首，表示尽管。
--While I disapprove of what you say, I
would defend to the death that
your right
to say it. ----Voltaire
-- While
so many people are out smelling the flowers,
someone is taking
the time to plant some.
3) 句中的while
You can wear out iron shoes
in fruitless search, while you may hit
on what
you need without even looking for it.
We
judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing,
while others judge
us by what we have already
done.
阅读：While the leading actor on the stage
captures our attention, we are
aware of the
importance of the supporting players and the
scenery of the
play itself.
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难点 2. since
1. 引导时间状语从句：表自从，主句为完成时态
2.
引导原因状语从句：表因为
——Since the dawn of human
ingenuity, people have devised ever more
cunning tools to cope with work that is
dangerous, boring, burdensome,
or just plain
nasty. (02 考研阅读理解)
—— Open source spying
does have its risks, of course, since it can
be
difficult to tell good information
from bad.
难点3: as
1）引导时间状语从句:表随着，强调两个动作的同时进行
- As self-
acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes.
- How we see ourselves as we try a new
way of being is essential to
our ability
to grow.
2) 引导原因状语从句
As there was
very little support, the strike was not
successful.
3) as 引导让步状语从句的倒装句 （前面讲过）
状语从句的写作应用：
• 询问信正文
第一段：写信目的
第二段：正文
①As I am particularly interested
in……, I would like to
obtainrequest about some
relevant information as regards…….
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② 万能句 I would be
grateful if you would be so kind as to provide
me with certain essential information
regarding the following aspect.
First, …,and
second,…
③必要时增加这句
Meanwhile, I
wonder if it is convenient for you to send me …….,
and your instant assistance will contribute to
my projectplanpaper.
投诉信：
第一段：①写信目的（前面课讲过）
第二段：
② 事件大概经过，which
has put me into great inconvenience.
③ 加分句
Given well-deserved reputation of your store, I am
sure you will
do everything possible to
resolve this problem instantly.
• 第三段
①
感谢看信
• I am indebted to you for your attention
to my letter
• I appreciate your attention to
my letter
• I would like to express my
gratitude to you for your attention to
②
诸多不便打扰了
• Let me apologize for any
inconveniences I may have caused.
③ 期待回信+再次感谢
• I look forward to a favorable reply at your
earliest convenience.
• Your prompt attention
to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
•
My appreciation to you for your generous help is
beyond words.
• Words fail me when I want to
express my heartfelt gratitude.
④ 有疑问者请联系
• -- I hope these information will be
helpful, and please feel
free. -- Don’t
hesitate to contact for more information (at )
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• 落款
• 公务信函
Yours sincerely,truly,respectfully,
•
私人信函
Yours sincerely,cordially,faithfully,
• 署名
Li Ming
（七）指代专题及非谓语动词引入
1）指代的基本理解：
－辨识：it; they; this; that;
which
－本质：逻辑完整－语言简洁
－原则：词义对应，句意通顺
－功能：避免重复，增强连贯性
练习：The word “they” in “together
they threaten…”refers to________
The
reality that has blocked my path to become the
typical successful
student is that engineering
and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as
easily as I assumed in high school.
Individually they shape a person
in very
different ways; together they threaten to confuse.
A. practically and rationally
B.
engineering and the liberal arts
C. reality
and noble ideals
D. flexibility and a value
system
2）代词指代的方法
1. 前指原则
2. 近指原则
3. 语法原则 ：单复数一致，人称一致
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4.
指代传递：指代词通常首先指前一句的主语，其次是宾语，当前一句的主
语也是代词时，则继续往前找。
. 97年考研真题阅读
Much of the language used
to describe monetary policy, such as
“steering
the economy to a soft landing” or “ a touch on the
brakes,” makes it sound like a precise
science.
so 的方法
1. 用作副词的代用词
He often behaved prudently, but he did
not always behave so.
2. 和do 一起代替分句中的主要动词及后续部分
－She hoped that they would clean the house
carefully before her
arrival, but
unfortunately they didn’t do so.
－Never
apologize for showing feeling. When you do so, you
apologize for
truth.
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3）三种指代
－主从复合句中的指代
在主从复合句中，第二句的代词主语经常指代第一句的名词主语（有时是宾
语），表示话题的延续。
－平行结构中的指代
主要包括some many most such each
…others; one …another; not
only…but also, the
former…the latter,
在这种结构中，平行结构两个部分的两个代词经常指代同一对象：前一句的名词
主语。
－关系代词的指代
that, which, in which, of
which等关系代词通常就近指代前面的先行词。
注意：which
前若有插入语时，处理方法为去掉插入语。
句子的各种成分
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非谓语动词
1. 基本概念：
英文的句子有且只能有一个谓语，如果已经出现了一个动词充当谓语，那么
其他的动词就要改变形式。可以改变成不定式形式（to do sth）,
-ing形式或
形式。由于这些形式在句子中不做谓语，所以被称为非谓语动词。
2.
不定式形式：to +动词原形
注意：
－to 是不定式符号
－否定式为
not to do, never to do
3. 不定式除了谓语不能作，其他成分都可以作。
1）作主语：To know oneself is difficult.
要点1：在较长的不定式作主语的句中，往往用 it
代替不定式作形式主语，
而把不定式后置。
要点2：两个重要结构
－It is
+形容词＋（for sb） to do sth
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－It is +形容词＋（of sb） to do sth
for
句型常用：possible, important, necessary, difficult,
useless
等词。
of 句型常用：careless, clever, good,
kind, nice , stupid, silly,
unwise.
. It
is impossible for you to defeat an ignorant men in
argument.
2）作表语：
To love is to risk not
being loved in return. To hope is to risk pain.
To try is to risk failure, but risk must be
taken because the greatest
hazard in life is
to risk nothing.
3）作定语
要点1：不定式作定语时总是放在被修饰词之后，表示将要发生的动作。
It is the
best way to cure a headache.
要点2：
若被不定式修饰的词作不定式动词的宾语，应注意是否要加相应的介词。
-They had
no house to live _____.
-I want to thank the
students for giving me the chance to meet with
you, the chance to talk a little bit about my
country and answer some of
your questions.
-Art is the desire of a man to express
himself, to record the reactions
of his
personality to the world he lives in.
（八）非谓语动词专题
4) 不定式作宾语
只能接不定式作宾语的动词：hope, promise, expect, plan,
prepare, desire,
determine
. 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
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I find to say
the things difficult
I find it difficult to
say the things.
I find it difficult to says
the things I mean.
I find it more difficult
to say the things I mean than the things I can’t
要点1:
不定式作宾语而后面还有宾补时，常用it来代替不定式短语，
而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补语之后。
常见动词：believe,
consider, feel, find, make, think
要点2:
疑问词＋不定式结构
不定式可以和how, which ,what, who ,when,
who, whose,
Where, whether 连用，作表语或宾语。
－All
truths are easy to understand once they are
discovered; the point
is how to discover them
.
－If you want to teach your children how to
say sorry, you must be good
at saying it
yourself, especially to your own children.
5）不定式作宾补：动词＋sthsb to do sth
-ask, advise,
allow, enable, encourage, inspire, instruct
注意：六看三让二听一感觉的动词在接不定式作宾补，省略 to
六看：see,
watch, notice, look at, observe, find
三让：make,
let, have
二听：hear, listen to
一感觉：feel
注意：在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要将省略的to 还原。
－Never
make anything simple and efficient when a way can
be found to make
it complex and wonderful.
6）不定式作状语
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－In order to be truly happy, you must live
along with, and you must stand
for something
larger than yourself.
－I decided not to let
my past rule my future so I decided to change my
present in order to open up my future.
only to do （翻译考点）引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果
.
我们匆忙赶到火车站，不料发现车已经开走了。
不定式的写作应用
for
example
=a case in point is that……
=Examples to prove the view are abundant, but
the most persuasive one is
the case that……
=Numerous examples can be given to demonstrate
this viewpoint，but the
most compelling one is
the case that……
=I can think of no better
illustration than the following ones.
=This
case effectively clarify the fact that…
=Taking a look around, we can find examples
too numerous to list.
建议措施
－Therefore, it is necessary for us to use
Internet in a reasonable way
and restrain from
overindulgence.
－From my perspective, it is
imperative for us to take drastic measures
to
reverse the disturbing trend (illustrated in the
picture)
－Accordingly, it is vital for us to
derive positive implications from
these
thought-provoking drawings.
分词
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现在分词：V+ing,
和被修饰词是主动关系，动作正在进行中。(主动和进行）
过去分词：V-ed,
含义为被动和完成
. An elegantly-furnished room
Departed lovers
Canned food
1.
分词作定语
单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词后。
. The plane( sent to search for the missing
plane) also disappeared.
2. 分词做状语 (可以和从句转换）
. Locked up，he had no way to escape.
Because he was locked up, he had no way to
escape.
. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox
across the countryside, with a group
of
specially trained dogs, followed by men and women
riding horses.
(20021)
3. 分词难点：独立主格结构
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致，
若不一致，则需加上分词的逻辑主语。
练习：站在车站上，一块石头砸在了他的头上。
Note:
独立主格中的逻辑主语前有时可以加with 或without, 做伴随状语或定
语。
• 没有任何人陪她，她开始了旅程。
. She started on the
journey without anyone accompanying her.
•
他一句话都没说就离开了家。
. He left home, without a single
word said.
动名词
1. 基本理解
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形式：v-ing
本质：有动词和名词特征的非谓语形式。
功能：在句中可做主，宾，表，定。
2.作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：
－表示客观性，一般性的行为多用动名词。
－表示具体性、一次性的行为多用不定式。
Smoking is difficult
habit to break.
It isn’t good for you to smoke
so much today.
3.作表语时与现在分词的区别：
动名词：主语和表语可互换位置。
My job is
teaching.
现在分词：主语和表语不可互换位置。
My job is interesting.
动名词后置做主语的固定句型
It
is no good no use doing sth
. It is no use
crying over split milk.
3.作宾语时与不定式的区别：
在一些动词后面接to do 和v-ing 形式意义不同
forgetremember+ -ing形式= 忘记或记起先前的行为。
--------------+ to do=忘记或记起将要发生的行为。
I’ll never
forget meeting him.
Don’t forget to lock the
door.
regret doing=对过去的事情感到遗憾
regret to
do=宣布坏消息
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We
regret to inform you of delays in today 'service.
4. 动名词和现在分词作定语的区别
a sleeping child
a
sleeping pill
检验原则：动名词做定语可替换为be used for
现在分词做定语可替换为定语从句。
Drinking water
Rising sun
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