科技英语的翻译学生课件
南京工业职业技术学院分数线-韩国签名
袇
科技英语的翻译
肄
科技发展带来的新词
肂
电子工业
browser
data
highway
dialog box
flash memory
home
page
modem
mouse pad
netiquette
screen saver
hypertext
薂
薈
肆
蒄
羁
芈
膇
薃
莀
肈
羅
有关电话的新词
auto-dial
call
forwarding
caller ID
car phone
cordless phone
picture phone
push-
button phone
袅
螀
蝿
羆
羃
蒃
蕿
肇
spearkerphone
wall phone
touch
tone
膂
羃
艿
英语技术词语的构成
英语技术词语一般以三种形式存在，即单词式（如robot 机器人, Internet
因特网）、复合式
（如feedback 反馈, splashdown 溅落）和短语式（如on-
and-off-the-road 路面越野两用的、
anti-armored-fight-
vehicle-missile 反装甲车导弹，power transmission relay
system 送电中继体
系）。
蒄
技术词语的构成与普通构词法大致相同，因此译好英语技术词语就离不开构词法的帮助。
莂
1. 缀合(affixation)而成的技术词语
肀<
br>这类术语的含义为词缀（前缀、后缀）与词干或词根的意义相加，一般不存在歧义问题，
关键在于
译成该专业的行话。如：
袆
teletypesetter=
tele+type+setter
薃
bathythermograph=bathy+thermo+graph
螁
barothermograph=baro+thermo+graph
螀
deoxyribonucleic=de+oxy+ribo+nucleic
羇
photomorphogenesis=photo+morpho+genesis
羅
2. 复合(compounding)而成的技术词语
膁
这类术语一般有三种形式：带连字符的复合词（如：salt-former卤素、dew-
point露点、
pulse-scaler脉冲定标器）、不带连字符合二为一的复合词（如：fal
lout放射性尘埃、waterlock
水闸、thunderstorm雷暴）、或若干分写的单词
构成的复合词（如：stem cell干细胞、optical
drive光驱、hover
craft气垫船、satellite antimissile observation system卫
星反导弹观察系统）。
复合词的含义大多数情况下是各词相加的总体意义，但也有例外，如bull's
eye靶心、
cat-and-mouse航向与指挥的、dog huse高频高压电源屏蔽罩等等。
薁
3. 缩合（blending）而成的技术词语
螅
这类术语采用“掐头去尾”的方法构成，即掐掉后面一个词的头，去掉前面一个词的尾。
翻译时首先弄
清他们所代表的原词的含义，再将二者的意义相加。
袅
肃
smog= smoke+fog
telex= teleprinter +
exchange
gravisphere= gravity+ sphere
medicare= medical+ care
biorhythm=
biological+ rhythm
copytron= copy+ electron
4. 首字母缩略(acronym)技术词语
将若干单词的第一个字母拼写到一起。
ADP automatic data processing
GPS global
positioning system
LCD liquid crystal display
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Laser light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation
SMS short message
service
5. 由专有名词构成的技术词语
蚀
羇
袆
膂
聿
螇
袈
薄
螃
蒈
蚅
蚂
膂
芈
这类专有名词往往来自人名、地名、
机构组织名等。翻译时一般按约定俗成的方法即可，
必要时可音译，并用增词法作适当的注释。
肅
Xerox
薂
IBM
羈
Goldbach conjecture
螈
Kuru
螆
膃
科技英语的句法特点及翻译
肁
1. 大量使用长句
长句的大量使用使科技英语显
得正式、严谨，句子虽长，但措辞准确，不带歧义，只要
把握原文的脉络，层层译出就行了。如：
薅
The efforts that have been made
to explain optical phenomena by means of the
hypothesis of
a medium having the same
physical character as an elastic solid body led,
in the first instance, to
the understanding of
a concrete example of a medium which can transmit
transverse vibration but
later to the definite
conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium
having the physical character
assumed in the
hypothesis.
薆
2.大量使用名词化结构
蒀
将名词化结构按汉语表达习惯拓展成汉语的句子。
葿
This
position was completely reversed by Haber's
development of the utilization of nitrogen
from the air.
蚆
The building of
these giant iron and steel works will greatly
accelerate the development of the
iron and
steel industry of our country.
蚄
The
slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide
film allows it to be colored with either
organic or inorganic dyes.
袀
3.
广泛使用被动语态
膀
使用被动语态体现所表述内容的客观性，翻译此类结构最有效
的方式就是将被动转为主
动。
蚈
In the 16 months
since the first graft, the ersatz skin has not yet
been rejected by any of the
patients.
螂
Thin layers of other impermeable
materials are found in nature, too.
薃
Plants and trees are provided by nature
with four means of dispersing their seeds.
羀
4. 大量使用非限定动词
蒅
译成汉语动宾结构或另起一句翻译。
膅
Today the
electronic computer is widely used in solving
mathematical problems having to do
with
weather forecasting and putting satellite into
orbit.
羂
Numerical control machines
are most useful when quantities of products to be
produced are low
虿
or medium; the
tape containing the information required to
produce the part can be stored, reused
or
modified when required.
蚀
5. 时态的用法
薇
科技英语中过去时往往可以用来表达不同的时间顺序，在遇到需要显示不同的时间
顺序
时，汉语应补充适当的时间状语。如：
芃
When steam
is condensed again to water, the same amount of
heat is given out as it was taken in
when the
steam was formed.
蒂
It was understood
that atoms were the smallest elements. It is known
now that atoms are further
divided into nuclei
and electrons, neutrons and protons, etc.
膇
6. 广泛使用后置定语
蚈
汉语中修饰语习惯于放在被修饰的名词前面。
蚅
In
radiation, thermal energy is transformed into
radiant energy, similar in nature to light.
袁
The force upward equals the force
downward so that the balloon stays at the level.
袇
Non-mobile robots, capable of
learning to perform an industrial task and then of
being left to
perform it tirelessly, are even
now in use in industrial plants all over the
world.
蒅
补充资料
螄
On books
芁
Some books, like some persons,
convey to us all that they will ever have to give
at a single
sitting. Others hold our attention
profitably through two or three encounters… and
the books to
frequent, the books to be
shipwrecked with, the great books into which rich
and substantial lives
have been distilled and
packed—the Dialogues of Plato, Montaigne’s Essays,
Boswell’s Johnson,
the Essays and Journals of
Emerson these are to be lives with and returned to
and made the
companions of hours and days and
moods as various as those in which they were
written.
蚇
The Cosy Fire of Affection
蒇
You’ve been in love, of course! If
not you’ve got it to come. Love is like the
measles; we all
have to go through it. Also
like the measles, we take it only once. One never
need be afraid of
catching in a second time.
The man who has had it can go into the most
dangerous places, and
play the most fool-hardy
tricks with perfect safety. He can, to see the
last of a friend, venture into
the very jaws
of the marriage ceremony itself. He can keep his
head though the whirl of a
vanishing waltz,
and rest afterwards in a dark conservatory,
catching nothing more lasting than a
cold.
No, we never sicken with love
twice. Cupid spends no second arrow on the same
heart.
Love’s handmaids are our life-long
friends. Respect, and Admiration, and Affection,
our doors
may always be left open for, but
their great celestial master, in his royal
progress, pays but one
visit, and departs.
Meteor-like, it blazes for a moment, and lights
with its glory the whole world
beneath. Happy
those who, hastening down again e’er it dies out,
can kindle their earthly altars at
its flame.
Love is too pure a light to burn long among the
noisome gases that we breathe, but
before it
is choked out we may use it as a torch to ignite
the cosy fire of affection.
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