英语六级40天突破课件与笔记之阅读理解
防城港人事考试网-长阳音乐节
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英语六级40天突破讲义与笔记之阅读理解
六级与四级的区别：
一、词——词汇量5500。
二、句——出题考长句子。
三、段——所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But, Yet,
However
转折连词后面是重点，常考点。
四、选项——有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。
原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感
觉和想象。
尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。
六级题型：
1.
主旨题（Sum UpTitle）--看文章每段第一句
24. Which of the
following can best sum up the passage?
A)
Advantages and disadvantages of automation.
B) Labour and the effects of automation.
C)
Unemployment benefit plans and automation.
D) Social benefits of automation.
注：文章三段第一句
都出现automation，两段出现labour，
因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。
Automation refers to the introduction of
electronic control and
automatic operation of
productive machinery. It reduces the human
factors, mental and physical, in production,
and is designed to make
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possible the
manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The
development of automation in American industry
has been called the
注：refers to 下定义
Labour’s concern over automation arises from
uncertainty
about the effects on employment,
and fears of major changes in jobs.
In the
main, labour has taken the view that resistance to
technical
change is unfruitful. Eventually,
the result of automation may well
be an
increase in employment, since it is expected that
vast
industries will grow up around
manufacturing, maintaining, and
repairing
automation equipment. The interest of labour lies
in
bringing about the transition with a
minimum of inconvenience and
distress to the
workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize
that the benefit of the increased production
and lower costs made
possible by automation
should be shared by workers in the form of
higher wages, more leisure, and improved
living standards.
注：labour 雇员
To
protect the interests of their members in the era
of
automation, unions have adopted a number of
new policies. One of
these is the promotion of
supplementary unemployment benefit
plans. It
is emphasized that since the employer involved in
such a
plan has a direct financial interest in
preventing unemployment, he
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will have a strong
drive for planning new installations so as to
cause
the least possible problems in jobs and
job assignments. Some
unions are working for
dismissal pay agreements, requiring that
permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of
money based on
length of service. Another
approach is the idea of the
factorwhich calls
for wage increases based on increases in
productivity. It is possible, however, that
labour will rely mainly on
reduction in
working hours in order to gain a full share in the
fruits
of automation.
注：union 工会，和雇员有关
2. 词汇题——找词所在句子关系
转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是……，找转折连词But, Yet,
However。
并列关系。例如：A and B，问A就把B内容填进去。
解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。
例如：
30.
“An identifying figure” (Line 2, Para. 5) refers
to a person
______.
A) who serves as a
model for others
B) who is always
successful
C) who can be depended upon
D) who has been rewarded for his success
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（文章前四段省略）
Admiration of one quality often
leads us to admire a person as a
whole, and he
becomes an identifying figure. We use some people
as
models over a wide range of situations,
imitating much that they do.
We learn that
they are dependable and rewarding models because
imitating them leads to success.
注：把握and前后是并列关系。
3. 细节题--直接细节、因果推理、暗示
例如：
31. It is implied that fifty years ago
____________ .
A) eighty percent of
American working people were employed
in
factories
B) twenty percent of American
intellectuals were employees
C) the
percentage of intellectuals in the total work
force was
almost the same as that of
industrial workers
D) the percentage of
intellectuals working as employees was
not so
large as that of industrial workers
34.
According to the writer, professional knowledge or
skill is
_______ .
A) less important
than awareness of being a good employee
B)
as important as the ability to deal with public
relations
C) more important than employer-
employee relations
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D) as important as
the ability to co- operate with others in the
organization
Ours has become a society
of employees. A hundred years or so
ago only
one out of every five Americans at work was
employed, i.
e., worked for somebody else.
Today only one out of five is not
employed but
working for himself. And when fifty years ago
employedmeant working as a factory labourer or
as a farmhand,
the employee of today is
increasingly a middle-class person with a
substantial formal education, holding a
professional or management
job requiring
intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two
things
have characterized American society
during these last fifty years:
middle-class
and upper - class employees have been the
fastest-growing groups in our working
population-growing so fast
that the industrial
worker, that oldest child of the Industrial
Revolution, has been losing in numerical
importance despite the
expansion of industrial
production.
Yet you will fine little if
anything written on what it is to be an
employee. You can find a great deal of very
dubious advice on how
to get a job or how to
get a promotion. You can also find a good deal
of work in a chosen field, whether it be the
mechanist’ s trade or
bookkeeping (簿记). Every
one of these trades requires different
skills,
sets different standards, and requires a different
preparation.
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Yet they all have employeeship
in common. And increasingly,
especially in the
large business or in government, employeeship is
more important to success than the special
professional knowledge
or skill. Certainly
more people fail because they do not know the
requirements of being an employee than because
they do not
adequately possess the skills of
their trade; the higher you climb the
ladder,
the more you get into administrative or executive
work, the
greater the emphasis on ability to
work within the organization
rather than on
technical abilities or professional knowledge.
4. 作者态度题（attitude）——正负态度
凡是文章探讨新事物——正态度
凡是文章探讨老事物——负态度
例外：中立题
25. The writer’s attitude towards the use of
the telephone is
______.
A)
affectionate
B) disapproving
C)
approving
D) neutral
●例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-
论证，例子是论证，
用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极
其重要。
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例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，
依然是举例内容。
例子含义的标志：show, tell, prove, demonstrate,
find, clearly
[Page72]
In the United
States, the need to protect plant and animal
species has become a highly controversial and
sharply political issue
since the passage of
the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act,
designed to protect species’ living areas, and
policies that preserve
land and forests
compete with economic interests. In the 1990’s,
for
example, the woodcutters in the Western
United States were
challenged legally in their
attempt to cut trees for timber in the
Cascade
Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect
the
endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose
remaining population
occupies these forests
and requires the intact, ancient forest for
survival. The problematic situation set the
interests of
environmentalists against those
of corporations and of individuals
who stood
to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal
battles, the
fate of the woodcutters-and the
owls-was still undecided in
mid-1992.
注：1. controversial的意思是受争议的，同“sharply political
issue”，contro表示“反”
2. for example前句子是重点
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3. problematic悬而未决的
Similar tensions exist
between the developed and the
developing
nations. Many people in industrialized nations,
for
example, believe that developing nations
in tropical regions should
do more to protect
their rain forests and other natural areas. But
the
developing countries may be impoverished
(使穷困), with
populations growing so rapidly
that using the land is a means to
temporarily
avoid worsening poverty and starvation.
注：1. tension张力，冲突
2.
看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。
3. But转折是重点
Many of the changes to Earth that concern
scientists have the
potential to rob the
planet of its biological richness. The destruction
of Earth’s ozone layer (臭氧层), for example,
could contribute to the
general process of
impoverishment by allowing
ultra-violet
rays to harm plants and animals. And global
warming could wipe out species unable to
quickly adapt to changing
climates. Clearly,
protecting will come only through coordinated
international efforts to control human
population, stabilize the
composition of the
atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth’s complex
web life.
does the author say that the
protection of endangered
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species is a highly
controversial
issue?
A) Because
people can’t agree as to what species to protect.
B) Because it is difficult to find an
effective way to protect such
species.
C) Because it affects the interests of certain
groups of people.
D) Because it is a major
problem involving a series of legal
procedures.
注：细节题。第一段economic interests
●表示绝对的词--
出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如
果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。
全无：
non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-
little-few-prevent-excl
ude-neither...nor
全有：all-every-full-either…
唯一：only-exactly-
best-most
ing to the passage, the
preservation of rain forests
________.
A) may hamper a developing country in its fight
against poverty.
B) benefits developed
countries rather than developing
countries.
C) should take priority over the control of
human population.
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D) will help improve the
living conditions in developing
countries.
注：细节题，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要
表达出“和经济利益冲突”就对了。
ing to the passage, cutting tress to grow
more food
_______.
A) will widen the
gap between the developed and the
developing
countries.
B) is but a short-term relief to
the food problem.
C) can hardly alleviate
the shortage of food.
D) proves to be an
effective way out for impoverished nations.
注：对应文章第二段。Short-
term对应temporarily，relief对
应avoid。
“humanity’s current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3),
the
chief concern of the scientists
is
_______.
A) the impoverishment of
developing countries.
B) the explosion of
the human population.
C) the reduction of
biological diversity.
D) the effect of
global warming.
注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob，diversity对应
richness。
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author’s purpose in writing this passage is
________.
A) to describe the difficulties
in solving humanity’s current
problems.
B) to present the different views on humanity’s
current
problems.
C) to analyze the
contradiction between countries in dealing
with humanity’s current
problems.
D) to point out that humanity’s current problems
can only be
solved through the cooperation of
nations.
注：看最后一句话，cooperation of nations
对应coordinated
international efforts。
[Page80]
We sometimes think humans are
uniquely vulnerable to anxiety,
but stress
seems to affect the immune defenses of lower
animals too.
In one experiment, for example,
behavioral immunologist (免疫学
家)Mark
Laudenslger, at the University of Denver, gave
mild
electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the
animals could switch off the
current by
turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the
other half
could mot. The rats in the two
groups were paired so that each time
one rat
turned the wheel it protected both itself and its
helpless
partner from the shock. Laudenslager
found that the immune
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response was depressed
below normal in the helpless rats but not in
those that could turn off the electricity.
What he has demonstrated,
he believes, is that
lack of control over an event, not the experience
itself, is what weakens the immune system.
注：1. vulnerable易受伤害的
2. immune
defense 免疫系统
3. found之后是试验告诉我们的观点
4.
depress压抑，de往下
Other researchers agree. Jay
Weiss, a psychologist at Duke
University
School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are
allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t
develop sleep
disturbances or changes in brain
chemistry typical of stressed rats.
But if the
animals are confronted with situations they have
no
control over, they later behave passively
when faced with
experiences they can control.
Such findings reinforce psychologists’
suspicions that the experience or perception
of helplessness is one of
the most harmful
factors in depression.
注：1.
看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。
2. passive被动的
21. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the
immune system
of those rats who could turn off
the electricity ______.
A) was strengthened
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B) was not affected
C) was altered
D) was weakened
注：定位文章第一段found之后
22.
According to the passage, the experience of
helplessness
causes rats to ______.
A)
try to control unpleasant stimuli
B) turn
off the electricity
C) become abnormally
suspicious
D) behave passively in
controllable situations
注：定位第二段But之后那句话
23. The reason why the mice in Ader’s
experiment avoided
saccharin was that ______ .
A) they disliked its taste
B) it
affected their immune systems
C) it led to
stomach pains
D) they associated it with
stomachaches
22. The first paragraph is
mainly about _____.
(A) the teenagers’
criticism of their parents
(B)
misunderstandings between teenagers and their
parents
(C) the dominance of the parents
over their children
(D) the teenagers’
ability to deal with crises
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注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。
It is natural for young people to be
critical of their parents at
times and to
blame them for most of the misunderstandings
between
them. They have always complained,
more or less justly, that their
parents are
out of touch with modern ways; that they are
possessive
and dominant that they do not trust
their children to deal with crises;
that they
talk too much about certain problems and that they
have no
sense of humour, at least in parent-
child relationships. I think it is
true that
parents often underestimate their teenage children
and also
forget how they themselves felt when
young. Young people often
irritate their
parents with their choices in clothes and
hairstyles, in
entertainers and music. This is
not their motive. They feel cut off
from the
adult world into which they have not yet been
accepted. So
they create a culture and society
of their own. Then, if it turns out
that their
music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or
hairstyles
irritate their parents, this gives
them additional enjoyment. They feel
they are
superior, at least in a small way, and that they
are leaders in
style and taste.
注：1.
critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的
40. The main idea of
this passage is that _____.
(A) attention
must be directed to the improvement of recreative
possibilities
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(B) better use of greenspace
facilities should be made so as to
improve the
quality of our life
(C) the urban
environment is providing more recreation
activities than it did many years ago
(D) priority must be given to the development of
obligatory
activities
Greenspace
facilities are contributing to an important extent
to
the quality of the urban environment.
Fortunately it is no longer
necessary that
every lecture or every book about this subject has
to
start with the proof of this idea. At
present, it is generally accepted,
although
more as a self-evident statement than on the base
of a
closely-reasoned scientific proof. The
recognition of the importance
of greenspaces
in the urban environment is a first step on the
right
way, this does not mean, however, that
sufficient details are known
about the
functions of greenspace in towns and about the way
in
which the inhabitants are using these
spaces. As to this rather
complex subject I
shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter
into
one aspect only, namely the recreative
function of greenspace
facilities.
注：GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献。
The theoretical separation
of living, working, traffic and
recreation
which for many years has been used in town-and-
country
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plan
planning, has in my opinion resulted in
disproportionate attention for
forms of
recreation far from home, whereas there was
relatively little
attention for improvement of
recreative possibilities in the direct
neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the
conclusion that
this is not right, because an
important part of the time which we do
not
pass in sleeping or working, is used for
activities at and around
home. So it is
obvious that recreation in the open air has to
begin at
the street-door of the house. The
urban environment has to offer as
many
recreation activities as possible, and the design
of these has to
be such that more obligatory
activities can also have a recreative
aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing
if it is not possible to
take a pleasant walk
in the district, if the children cannot be allowed
to play in the streets, because the risks of
traffic are too great, if
during shopping you
can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a
moment the nice weather, in short, if you only
feel yourself at home
after the street-door of
your house is closed after you.
23. The
passage mainly deals with ______.
(A) the
life span of the Mojave shrimps
(B) the
survival of desert shrimps
(C) the
importance of water to life
(D) life in the
Mojave Desert
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注：三段出现shrimp，说明本文主要讲shrimp，排除C和D，
A选项life
span没出现过。