2017大学排名-晚会策划案

复习要点
1.英语句子的种类与类型
2.陈述句（五种简单句型）
3.陈述句否定式的构成
4.疑问句
1）一般疑问句
2）特殊疑问句 （常用的特殊疑问词和句型）
3）选择疑问句
4）反义疑问句
5. There-be存在句
6.主谓一致




知识概要

英语句子的种类与类型
I、句子种类（按交际用途分）
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、
There-be存在句
II、句子类型（按句子结构分）
简单句、并列句、复合句

难点链接
1、陈述句
说明一 个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。陈述
句可以分为以下五种句型 ：
① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.
② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday.
③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可
加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the
classroom clean and tidy.
⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.

难点链接
陈述句否定式的构成
(4) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如： There is
something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
注：否定句的类型
1）半否定句（用hardly, little, few等来否定）

I hardly know anything about it.
2）部分否定句（用all, both, every, each+谓语+not否定，表示“有的是，有的不是”）I don’
t like both the films.
3）全否定句（用not, no, never, neither, nor, nothing等来否定 ）
I like neither Cathy nor Mary.
4)否定转移(用在含有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine为主句的句子)
I don’t think it will be very cold today


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难点链接
陈述句否定式的构成
(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情 态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后
加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）
We can get there before dark.（肯定）We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）
(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称
和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定）
She won the game.（肯定）She didn’t win the game.（否定）
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），且句中如果有some要变为any。例如：
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. →He
doesn't have any books.


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难点链接
2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。
1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，要注意语序。
（1）一般疑问句的基本形式
一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be 动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，
或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim?
（2）一般疑问句的否定结构
① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般 疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的
简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。
在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Are you not a football fan? Aren’t you a football fan?
Will she not like it? Won’t she like it?
② 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定
或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定
结构。 Aren’t you a football fan? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Won’t she like it? Yes, she will. No, she won’t.

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难点链接
2）特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子 一般用倒装语序，但如
果对主语提问时用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降 调。例如：
Who is on duty today?
How long have you been in Beijing?
What time do you get up every morning?
What must I do now?
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难点链接
常用的特殊疑问词和句型
询问内容
职业，身份
姓名或关系
相貌特征
目的
原因
天气
疑问词或句型
What dodose…do

Whowhat’s …name
what…like?
what…for?
why
how is the weather
what’s the weather
like?
what color…？
what size
询问内容
几号，日期
年龄（多大）
持续多长时间（多久）
长度（多长）
距离（多远）
频度
（多经常）
时间经过
（多快）
数量
（多少）
价格
高度
（多高）
疑问词或句型
what is the date…?
how old
how long
how long
how far
how often
颜色
服装尺寸
how soon
how many（可数名词）
how much（不可数名
词）
how muchwhat’s the
price
how tall（人，树）
how high（山，建筑
物）
几点钟
星期几
what time
what day

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难点链接
3）选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同 情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结
构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部 分读升调，or后面的部分读降
调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。
Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。
Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。
Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.
选择疑问句的构成：
(1)以一般疑问句为基础
Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?

Shall I help you or can you manage?
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础
Which do you prefer, red wine or white?
How shall we go there? By bus or by train?

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难点链接
4）反义疑问句
反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的
疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。如：I am your
teacher, aren’t I? He didn’t study hard, did he?
（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never, hardly或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing, none
no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：
They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he? Few people knew
the secret, did they?
（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定 附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。
英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的 就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体
内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须 把yes译“不是”，把no译成
“是的”。
---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗？
---Yes, I will.不，我会的。 ---No, I won’t.是的，我不会的。
---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？
---Yes, she will.不，她会的。 ---No, she won’t.是的，她不会的。
(4) 祈使句的反意疑问句，除由Let’s 开头的要问成 shall we? 以外，其余的都问成will you.
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难点链接
3、祈使句

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号
“！”或句号“. ”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句：
（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省 略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时
可以有主语或称呼语。Be quiet. ＝You be quiet!
（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
Do come back at once! Do be careful.
（3）please用在祈使句中 可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其
余部分分开。Open the window, please.
（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代 词一般只用第一、第三人称。
Let Jack wait a minute. Let’s go to school.
（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Let us不包括听话
者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议）Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请
求）

2. 否定的祈使句通常以Don’t 或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形
+其他成分” 例如：
Don’t do that again! Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!
Don’t be late next time!

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4、感叹句
难点链接
 感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读 时用降调。
感叹句是由“感叹部分+主谓部分”构成，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修 饰
名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。
 what引导的感叹句：
 （1）what + aan +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
 What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told!
 （2）what+形容词+复数可数名词不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
 What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is!
 2．How引导的感叹句：
 （1）How+形容词副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
 How cold it is! How hard he works!
 （2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）
 How he loves his son! How I miss you!
 （3）How+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
 How tall a tree it is!
 （4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：
 What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!
What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!

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难点链接
5、 There-be存在句
1. 基本结构
There be +主语 + 地点 时间状语。如：
There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。
There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。
2. 主谓一致
要采取就近一致原则，和* 近be的主语一致。如：
There is a pen, two rulers in the box. 盒子里有一只钢笔，两把尺子。
There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩，一个老师。
3. 主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词；是被动关系时用过去分词。如：
There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。
There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。
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5、 There-be存在句

难点链接
4. 反意疑问句
反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。如：There is a radio on the table, isn't there?
桌子上有一台收音机，是吧？There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们
班有50多名学生，是吧？
5. there be 与have的替换
there be表示所属时可与have替换。
There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。
6. there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。
注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式
或被动形式，意义各不同。
There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。
There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。
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5、 There-be存在句
难点链接
7. 与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：
There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。
There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。
8. 变体
there be结构中的be有时可用live, stand, remain等代替。如：
Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢
新服胜过别的任何东西。
9. 习惯用语
There is no good use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处用处；
There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如：
There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。
He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to
lose. 他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。
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难点链接
6.主谓一致
在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的
有如下几点：
① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，
如：
A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer
and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如：
The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。
③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算，如：
This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：

People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police，class等。 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a
policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
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难点链接
⑤ 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone，
anything， someone， something … 要作为单数，如：
Someone is waiting for you
⑥ 表示并列关系的关联词有： both…and, not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or.
当它们并列两个主语时，除both …and 谓语动词要用复数以外，其余都要采用就近原则
如:
Both my sister and brother are going to the cinema。
Not only my sister but also brother is going to the cinema .
Neither my sister nor brother is going to the cinema.
Either my sister or brother is going to the cinema

例题解析
1、There ＿＿＿ a pencil box on the desk . A .is B. are C. has D. have
［答案］ A.
［析］ There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books
and a pencil on the desk 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk
2、Your brother came to see you， ＿＿＿ ?
A does he B doesn't he C did he D didn't he
［答案］ D.
［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didn't
he
3、 It's getting cloudy，＿＿?A. does' it B. doesn't it C. is it D. isn't it
［答案］ D.
［析］ 要区分's 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出's 是is。
4、 ___ keep me waiting so long．A. Not B. Won't C. Don't D. Not to
［答案］ C.
［析］ Don't ＋ 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。
5、Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?
A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he
［答案］ A.
［析］ 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。
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例题解析
6、 You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ?
A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you
［答案］ D.
［析］ 这里的 have 是实意动词吃，而不是助动词。
7、 ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk．
A How a B How C What a D What
［答案］ C.

［析］ 这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!
8、 John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ?
A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe
［答案］ B.
［析］ 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。
9、Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team．A. are B. were C. am D. is
［答案］ C.
［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼
应。
10、 ＿＿＿ delicious food! I'd like some more．
A what a B How a C What D How
［答案］ C.
［析］ 因 food 为不可数名词。

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例题解析
11、＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair?A. Are B. Is C. Has D. Have
［答案］ B.
［析］ 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。
12、 - ＿＿＿ bad weather!- Yes， But it's going to be fine soon， I think.
A How B What a C What an D What
［答案］ D.
［析］ weather 为不可数名词。
13、 Go and ＿＿＿ the TV quickly. The volleyball match will begin right away．
A turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on
［答案］ D.
［析］ 这是个祈使句，它由 and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。
14、Let's go for some tea， ＿＿＿ ?
A shall we B will we C do we D don't we
［答案］ A.
［析］ Let‘s go …， shall we? Let us go …， will you?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。
15、Joan's short， ＿＿＿ ?
A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she
［答案］ C.
［析］ 在此句中应视's为is，而不是 has 或 was。

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例题解析
16 I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word．
A which B what C whose D how
［答案］ D.
［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑
问副词 how。
17 He didn't go to school， ＿＿＿ he was ill．

A for B but C and D so
［答案］ A.［析］ 这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常
常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn't join
the army
18 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， ＿＿＿ she?
A doesn't B does C can't D can
［答案］ D.［析］ hardly 为否定词，所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定
句。
19 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ＿＿＿ ?
A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he
［答案］ A.
［析］ never 也是否定词，所以应将句子看作否定句。
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例题解析
20 Mother said to him， ＿＿＿ on football．
A spend too much time B to spend too much time
C spend too many time D to spend too many time
［答案］ A.［析］ time 作为时间讲为不可数名词，应用 much 来修饰。当作次数讲是
可数名词，如 three times 三次，而 Don't … 这一句是祈使句的否定句。
21 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， ＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon．
A are going to B is going to C have D has
［答案］ B.［析］ 句子的主语是Mr White， 而together with … 是伴随状况，不影响句子
的主语。
22 There is little water in the glass， ＿＿＿ ?
A is it B is there C isn't it D isn't there
［答案］ B.［析］ 这是 there be 句型的反意疑问句。
23 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem， ＿＿＿ ?
A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he
［答案］ B.［析］ 这是进行时态的反意疑问句。
24 She had a good time yesterday， ＿＿＿ she ?
A wasn't B didn't C hasn't D isn't
［答案］ B.［析］ had 这里是实意动词而不是助动词。
幻灯片24
例题解析
25 We'll make ＿＿＿ for you in the front of the car．
A a room B room C rooms D some rooms
［答案］ B.［析］ room 此处为不可数名词，意为地方，空间。
26 Neither she nor I ＿＿＿ to the Great wall before．
A has gone B have gone C have been D has been
［答案］ C.
［析］ 由neither … nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。27.
Help me collect these books， ＿＿＿ ?
A are you B will you C do you D shall you
［答案］ B.

［析］ 祈使句的反意疑问句应用 will you， 而Let's go 例外，其反意疑问句为 shall we?
28 The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses
＿＿＿ change much if people leave things as they are．
A don't B doesn't C isn't D didn't
［答案］ B.
［析］ the number of 为……的数量、数目，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而 a number of 要
加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。
29 She's had breakfast， ＿＿＿ ?
A is she B isn't she C hasn't she D has she
［答案］ C.［析］ 这里的's应视为 has
幻灯片25
例题解析
30 It is good for us ＿＿＿ morning exercises．
A do B to do C did D done
［答案］ B.
［析］ 这里的 it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式 to do …
31 Peter has sports very often， ＿＿＿ ?
A does， Peter B doesn't he C doesn't Peter D does he
［答案］ B.
［析］ has 这里是实意动词，而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。
32 Mr. Black said， ， don't be late tomorrow
Mr. Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ ．
A don't be late tomorrow B didn't be late tomorrow
C not be late next morning D not to be late the next day
［答案］ D.
［析］ tell 一般要加双宾语，其间接宾语是 Jenny， 直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不
定式的否定形式
33 Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny， ＿＿＿ ?
A does she B didn't she C did she D wasn't she
［答案］ B.
［析］ read这里是过去时态，因其主语是第三人称单数，而 read 并未加 s 所以是过去时
态。(read 的过去时与过去分词都是 read，只不过读音不同)

幻灯片26
课时训练
句型转换
mountain is very beautiful.(改为感叹句)
____ ____beautiful mountain it is!
is the weather in China?(改为同义句)
_____ the weather ______in China.
boy is the most careless in his class.(改为同义句)
The boy is ______ ______than _________boy in his class.
didn't watch TV，his mother didn't either.(改为同义句)
_________he ______his mother watched TV.

5.I spent the whole afternoon learning English.(同上)
I spent ______ _______ ________learning English.
6.I spent 100 yuan on the coat.(同上)
I _____100 yuan _____the coat.
It ______me100 yuan ________the coat.
The coat _______me 100 yuan.
has worked in this school since 2 years ago. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______has he worked in this school.

What a
What’s like
more careless any other
Neither nor
all the afternoon
paid for
took to buy
cost
How long
幻灯片27
课时训练
joined the army 3 months ago.(改为同义句)
____ ____3 months since he joined the army.
3 months ______ _______since he joined the army.
He _____ ______ _______the army for 3 months.
visitors had a good time in Beijing.(同上)
The visitors ________ ___________in Beijing.
will come back in a week.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______will he come back?
has never been abroad.(改为反意疑问句)
He has never been abroad，_____ _____?
't go alone.(改为反意疑问句)
Don't go alone,_____ _____?
is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意疑问句)
There is little meat in the fridge,_____ _______?
not ask the man over there?
______ ______ ______ask the man over there?
many people are there in India?
_______ _____ __________of India?
It ishas been
is has been over
has been in
enjoyed themselves
How soon
has he

will you
is there
Why don’t you
What’s the population

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