第二版新世纪大学英语综合教学课件3课后习题-答案~(下~)
考雅思多少钱-教师资格考试报名
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Unit Five
Health
Enhance Your
Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆
Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the
boxes below are some of the words you have learned
in this unit. Complete the following
sentences
with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) familiarize
2) prejudice
3) appealing
4) accelerated
5)
threats
6) monitor
7) isolate
8)
guarantee
9) infected
10) ignorance
11) was … equipped
12) processed
13)
sponsor
14) resume
15) issued
16)
contracted
2. In the boxes below are
some of the expressions you have learned in this
unit. Do you know how to use
them in the
proper context? Now check for yourself by doing
the blank-filling exercise. Change the
form
where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) take
advantage of
2) by contrast
3) make room
for
4) bring … to an end
5) at …best
6) have attributed … to
7) at risk
8)
set aside
▆
Increasing Your Word
Power
1. Cross out the verb that CANNOT go
together with the target word or expression in the
circle.
▇Answers:
The word to be crossed
out
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
a. process
b.
fulfil
a. operate
d. subtract
c.
accelerate
d. contract
c. coordinate
b. exercise
2. Study the prefix
“self-”, and put down the Chinese meaning after
each given word.
▇Answers:
self-
centred a .
自我中心的，自私的
self-
conscious a.
(过于在乎别人的看法等而) 忸怩的；自觉的
self-confident a .
自信的
self-
evident a.
显而易见的
self-discipline
n .
自律，自我约束
self-esteem n.
自尊
(心)，自信
self-image n.
自我形象
self-
pity n.
自怜
Now translate the
Chinese given in brackets into English with words
from the above list.
▇Answers:
1) feel
very self-conscious about their appearance
2)
need plenty of self-discipline to fight against
laziness
3) couldn’t help admiring the self-
confident way
4) becoming ever more self-
centred
5) may seem self-evident
6)
buryingindulging themselves in self-pity
7) a
blow to his self-esteem
8) have a poor self-
image
Grammar in Context
Observe
the following sentences from both Text A and Text
B, paying special attention to the anticipatory
(先行词) “it” . Then do the following two tasks.
Task 1: Examine each of the following
sentences and underline the real object or subject
that is replaced by
it.
▇Answers for
reference:
1) to reach an agreement in such a
delicate situation
2) the way he keeps
changing his mind
3) that perhaps he was lying
4) to be asked to speak here
5) buying so
much food when the children are all away
Task 2: Complete the following sentences,
using it as an anticipatory.
▇ Answers for
reference:
1) It is disappointing
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2)
3)
4)
5)
I find it
useless pointless
It is not possible It is
impossible
They kept it a secret kept it quiet
It is still not clear
Cloze
▇ Complete the following passage with
words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of
each is given.
▆ Answers:
1) threat
2) at risk
3) infected
4) prejudice
5) isolated
6) contracted
7) shelter
8) grieve
9) along
10) pathway
11)
issue
12) bring
13) evil
14) concern
ourselves with
15) support
Translation
1. Translate the following
sentences into English, using the words given in
brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1)
Owing to ignorance of AIDS, people used to label
HIV infectedcarriersvictims as evils.
2) The
campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be
carried on, and forat this stage the emphasis
needs to be put on the way (how) the disease
is contracted.
3) We appeal to the young
earnestly: Take care of your health, with which
you’ll be best equipped to
handle any tough
problems in your life.
4) The leading
scientists will be meeting in Geneva on Friday to
discuss problems largely caused by the
fierce
competition in modern society.
5) His fear of
heights was attributed to an extremely painful
experience in his childhood. He was once
forced to stand alone on the 10-meter diving
board for up to 10 minutes.
6) We believe that
with the newly issued document on improving the
medical system in rural areas, the era
is to
be brought to an end when such areas are always
short of doctors and medicines.
2.
Translate the following paragraph into English,
using the words and expressions in the box below.
▇ Answers for reference:
We all want to be
healthy, to be at our best when handling tough
challenges. There has never been a lack
of
good advice on health. For example, eat a balanced
diet, get enough sleep, and set aside some time
every
week for exercise. Chronobiology, a new
science, has provided us with a new approach to
achieving peak
efficiency. It is to coordinate
our daily activities with our biological
capacities. We plot on graph paper six
readings of our temperature taken at four-hour
intervals throughout a day, and familiarize
ourselves with such
information as when our
body temperature begins to rise, when it reaches
its peakthe highest point, and when
the
bottomthe lowest point appears. Then, we plan our
daily activities by following the instructions
given by
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chronobiology
authorities. For instance, we tackle the most
demanding physical work when our temperature
is the highest. By contrast, we pursue mental
activities like reading and reflection when our
temperature is
falling. In this way, what we
actually do coincides with our body’s natural
rhythms and we achieve our best as
predicted.
Theme-Related Writing
▇ Do either of the following two tasks after
class.
1. Write an essay entitled “AIDS across
the Earth”. You can refer to the following outline
for your writing.
Sample essay for Task
1:
AIDS Across the Earth
AIDS has
killed and is threatening to kill millions all
across the earth. Several million infections are
reported by WHO each year. The virus does not
care whether you are black or white, male or
female, young or
old. It will attack you as
long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become
the leading killer of young adults
and is
turning the children whose parents suffer the
disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say
that we
live under the shadow of AIDS.
There are several possible causes for such a
situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or
reusing
contaminated needles; transfusion of
contaminated blood or blood products; an infected
person’s pregnancy,
giving birth and
breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance,
prejudice and silence have carried the
situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are
isolated or treated as outcasts by their families
and their
communities. AIDS victims feel
ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to
hide their disease. For this
reason, they
cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our
harmful attitudes towards the disease and its
victims
have actually placed more people at
risk.
In our fight against this deadly
disease, we should educate people on how to avoid
being infected with the
disease and how to
lead a healthy and secure life and, more
importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly.
Only in this way can we really bring AIDS
under control. (236 words)
2. The
following is an excerpt from an article in The
Guardian. Make comments on the news.
▆ Sample essay for Task 2:
Why Do Young
Adults Kill Themselves?
Young adults are in
the prime of their lives and are supposed to
pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves.
Yet
it was reported in The Guardian that suicide is
the main cause of death among young adults in
China. Why
have so many young people ended
their lives?
Three factors are thought to
account for the high suicide rate: increasing
stress, loneliness and a lack of
medical
support for depression. The most pressing one, I
think, is stress. Take my college life for
example.
From the first day I entered the
university, I have been living under pressure. I
used to worry that I could not
quite fit into
campus life; I also feared that I might not catch
up with my classmates in my studies or could not
live up to my parents’ expectations. Now I am
deeply concerned about whether I can find a
desirable job after
graduation. Endless
pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is
another problem. Many young people find they
just feel helpless when they are suffering
intolerable sadness or frustration.
Suicide
is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If
we can find ways to relieve them of their stress
and
offer timely help, we may save many young
lives. (206 words)
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Unit Six
Happiness
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and
Expressions
3. In the box below are some
of the words you have learned in this unit.
Complete the following sentences
with them.
Change the form where necessary.
▆
Answers:
1)
inform
2)
envious
3)
attractive
4)
snatched
5)
is soaring
6)
interpret
7)
was substituted
8)
spiritual
9)
trivial
10)
temporary
11)
scales
12)
cultivate
13)
extravagant
14)
purchase
4. In the box below are some of the
expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you
understand their
meanings? Do you know how to
use them in the proper context? Now check for
yourself by doing the
blank-filling exercise.
Change the form where necessary.
▆
Answers:
1)
work out
2)
have
a clear conscience
3)
other than
4)
fact of life
5)
On the
contrary
6)
cried over
7)
drop by
8)
show off
9)
looked down on
10)
crossed,
off
11)
wore out
12)
has
a great deal to do with
▆
Increasing Your Word Power
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1. Find the preposition from Column B that
best matches each adjective in Column A, paying
attention to
the “be+adj.+prep.” collocation.
Some of the prepositions can be used more than
once.
▆ Answers:
1)
of
2)
fromof
3)
with
4)
for
5)
onupon
6)
on
7)
with
8)
of
9) in
10) of
Now fill in each
blank in the following sentences with a proper
collocation you’ve just formed. The
verb “be”
has already been filled in for you.
▆
Answers:
1) envious of
2)
intent
uponon
3)
rich in
4)
keen
on
5)
free fromof
6)
fearful of
7)
honest with
8) hungry for
9) remindful of
10)
overwhelmed with
2. The suffixes -ee,
-eer, -ese and -ess are used to form nouns. Study
the box below and form words by
adding -ee,
-eer, -ese and -ess to the words given.
▆
Answers:
1)
actress
2)
mountaineer
3)
profiteer
4)
refugee
5)
Vietnamese
6)
trainee
7)
addressee
Now complete each of the following
sentences with a proper word you have just formed,
using the
plural form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1)
addressee
2)
mountaineer
3)
actress
4)
trainees
5)
Vietnamese
6)
refugees
7)
profiteer
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Grammar in Context
1. Now
combine each pair of sentences into one by using
one of the three phrases mentioned above.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) Judging from
her accent, she is either Russian or Polish.
2) Either he could not come here or he did not
want to.
3) I neither knew nor cared about
what happened to him.
4) I cannot find out
what the weather will be like tomorrow because
there is neither TV nor radio in the
house.
5) She can both speak and write
Spanish.
6) The results of the research are
both impressive and alarming.
2. Now
translate the following sentences into English,
using expressions of comparison.
▆
Answers for reference:
1) If only I could do
half as well as you (have done)!
2)
The
press has published
twice as many books as
it did last year.
3) Sending gifts to your
kids is not the same as giving them your
companionship.
4) Since the construction of
the subways was completed, the population of the
suburbs has grown
twice as
large as that of the city proper.
5) An
increase in income is farmuch less important than
a harmonious relationship among family
members, friends and neighbors.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words
chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each
is given.
▆ Answers:
16) terminally
17) purchasing
18) other than
19) ever
20) h
eldhad
21) w
as
t
aken
w
ith
22) f
act
o
f
l
ife
23)
s
ubstitute
24) tenderness
25)
crossed off
26) d
evoting
27)
r
ailing
a
gainst
28)
c
ultivate
29) filled with
Translation
1. Translate the
following sentences into English, using the words
and expressions given in brackets.
▆
Answers for reference:
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1) We
should be honest with ourselves and never become
fogged up by greed and cry over what we have
failed to obtain.
2) It is a fact of life
that happiness brought about by material things
such as property and money is
temporary.
3) For thousands of years philosophers have
taken pains to interpret the meaning of happiness
from their
own perspectives.
4) If you
substitute
material things for love or a
hug, you will not get happiness, because
spiritual
happiness
has
little
to
do
with
material wealth.
5) After he learned that he
was
terminally
ill, he
informed
his family that he had nothing no property to
leave
them
other
than
the
house he was living in.
6) They were worn out
after a long day’s work in the fields. So seeing
the sun dip below the horizon, they
couldn’t
wait to go back home.
2. Translate the
following paragraph into English, using the words
and expressions in the box below.
▆
Answers for reference:
Nowadays, the
media and commercials repeat over and over again
the significance of the material side of
life,
so that we have been all brainwashed into
believing that happiness can be purchased. We show
off to
people around us a new piece of
property, and take pains to keep enriching our
bank accounts. We are hungry
for love, trying
to substitute material things for love, gentleness
and tenderness. However, we have never
experienced maximum happiness. We are always
envious of those who have more money and power. As
a
matter of fact, we have put our values in
the wrong things and failed to telldistinguish
material happiness from
spiritual happiness.
Money is incredibly important, but other than it,
we should also have good friends, a
harmonious
family, a strong body and a worthy goal. It is
these things that (will) bring us lasting
happiness.
Theme-Related Writing
Do either one of the following two tasks
after class.
1. Write an essay entitled
“Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone”. You can refer
to the following outline:
1) Material things
are important for man’s existence.
2) Man also
seeks spiritual satisfaction.
3) Your
conclusion.
2. When we talk about
happiness, we usually refer to a specific moment
when we feel that we are very
happy. Write a
short passage about one of your happiest
experiences at college.
▆ Sample Essay
One:
Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone
No
one would doubt the truth that man’s existence
relies essentially on material things. We need
them to
get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once
we are living near the breadline, we’ll feel
frustrated and miserable.
However, our
contentment does not merely lie in material
things. This is especially the case in modern
times.
The fast-developing economy has
noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most
of our material needs.
Then there comes the
need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived
from good health, close friends, a loving
spouse, well-raised children, a home built on
love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and an
enjoyable job.
While material things may lose
their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will
bring us lasting happiness.
Therefore, to live
a happy life, we should focus more on those things
that meet our spiritual demands.
After all,
when our need for bread is met, happiness will not
come unless we feel spiritually satisfied. (156
words)
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▆ Sample Essay
Two:
I Really Made It
I will never
forget the awful feeling in my first Oral English
class at college. I tried hard to listen to every
word the teacher spoke, but what she was
saying made no sense to me. Bitterly, I admitted
that I was so poor at
listening and speaking
in English.
I wept several times, cursing my
middle school for failing to provide adequate
listening and speaking
practice. But finally I
calmed down because the familiar words rang in my
ears: There must be a way out. I had
a rather
solid foundation of English vocabulary and
grammar. What was left for me to do was to
increase my
listening input and speaking
output. I made it a rule that every morning I
would do reading aloud by the
campus lake for
40 minutes, and every evening I would stay in the
language lab, listening to English for at
least an hour.
Then at the end of the
second year came my happiest moment: I got the
Scholarship for Academic
Excellence. When the
president granted me the award, I grinned from ear
to ear, realizing with pleasure that
happiness
is gained through hard work. (197 words)
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Unit Seven
Education
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words
in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
5. In the box below are some of the words you
have learnt in this unit. Complete the following
sentences
with them. Change the form where
necessary.
▆ Answers:
a) associate
b)
specializes
c) combined
d) emphasis
e)
suffices
f) phase
g) presided
h)
peculiar
i) rear
j) negotiate
k)
indispensable
l) illusion
m) implemented
n) reconcile
6. In the box below are
some of the words you have learned in this unit.
Do you know how to use them in
the proper
context? Now check for yourself by doing the
blank-filling exercise. Change the form where
necessary.
▆ Answers:
15) stay out
of
16) try out
17) in store
18) lend
themselves to
19) in essence
20) in
accordance with
21) crying out for
22) See
to it that
23) have no business
24) get
out of
25) to this end
26) calls for
27) brought about
28) averaged out
▆
Increasing Your Word Power
1. Study
the following pairs of words which are similar in
meaning. Reflect on the differences in usage
between the words in each pair and fill in
each blank with an appropriate one. Change the
form where
necessary.
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▆
Answers:
1) participating
2) enroll
3) proved
4) certified
5) reveal
6) exposed
7) assume
8) think
9)
host
10) presiding
11) shook
12)
shuddered
13) negotiating
14) reconcile
15) diversity
16) distinction
17)
imagination
18) illusion
19) scheme
20) plan
2. The prefixes radio- and
tele- are used to form new words, as is shown in
the following table.
Now fill in the blanks in
the following sentences using the words in the
above table. Change the forms
where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) telescopes
2) telecast
3) Telemarketing
4) radioactive
5)
radio frequency
6) teleplay
7)
teleconference
Grammar in Context
1.
Examine the following sentences, paying special
attention to the two different sentence patterns
introduced respectively by “so…that” and
“such…that.”
Now recast the following
sentences using “so…that” or “such…that”.
▆
Answers for reference:
1) such a shy boy
2) such a well-written report
3) such a
long time
4) so many people
5) so firmly
2. The italicised subordinators (从属连词) in
the following sentences are incorrectly used.
Study the
sentences carefully and put the
correct ones in the brackets.
▆ Answers:
1) before
2) when
3) until
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4) unless
5) as
Cloze
Complete the following passage
with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The
initial letter of each is
given.
▆
Answers:
30) To this end
31) in store
32) indispensable
33) calls for
34)
diversity
35) implement
36) In accordance
with
37) emphasis
38) combining
39) in
depth
40) equip
41) independent
42)
access
43) get…out of
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into
English, using the words and expressions given in
brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) A
positive attitude towards life is indispensable in
that because it lays the foundations for the
successes of one’s future work and studies.
2) West China is crying out for talented
people for its development. To this end, the
government has
laid down made favorable
policies, calling for more college graduates to go
and work there.
3) Upon On graduation, the
president will present you with the diploma, which
certifies that you have
specialized in
business administration and passed all the exams
you are required to take.
4) Web addicts spend
so much time on the Internet that they are unable
to draw a distinction between
the virtual
world and the real world.
5) A university will
see to it that every student is put in touch with
mankind’s spiritual resources, even if
they
are merely fragments of those great thinkers’
minds and experience.
6) Distance learning is
a global trend. With its quick growth
development, people are given can enjoy
an
equally convenient access to educational
resources, no matter where they are.
2.
Translate the following paragraph into English
using the words and expressions in the box below.
▆ Answers for reference:
A university, in
essence, provides students with both occupational
training and intellectual development.
The
students acquire professional skills in order to
have the minimum qualifications to become
specialists,
such as pharmacists, engineers,
technicians and lawyers. It might be reasonable to
believe that those skills
suffice to enable
them to get a good job. Nevertheless, does one
feel content with merely a good job? We
know
that most young people who enroll in universities
long for not only professional training, but also
quality
education; namely, they want to learn
what the past learnt for them and get in touch
with the minds and
experience of the master
thinkers in order to become civilized people.
Those who are knowledgeable only in
their
peculiar fields may be labeled (as) “mechanized
savages”, because of their incompetence in
understanding the thinking and works of other
fields, for example, philosophy, literature and
the arts. Thus, the
university is most likely
to help young people realize two dreams after they
graduate: having a good job where
their
occupational training will be effective, and
living a meaningful life for which diversity of
knowledge is
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required.
Theme-Related Writing
Do either one of
the following two tasks after class.
1. Write
an essay entitled “The Significance of Lifelong
Education.” The following outline may be of
some help:
1) In the past, a college
education was enough to ensure a well-paid, much-
respected job and a sense of
achievement.
2) Today, with the increasing competition in
our “knowledge society”, it is a must to renew
one’s
knowledge and upgrade one’s skills.
What’s more, a general college education serves
only as a
passport to lifetime education.
3) The concept of lifelong education finds
expression in the slogan “Live and Learn.”
2. “Should Family Schooling Exist?” This
question is raised in a news report carried in an
English
newspaper in China. Read the report
below and write a short essay to express your own
views on the
issue.
▆ Sample essay
for task 1:
The Significance of Lifelong
Education
Decades ago, due to the low standard
of living in China, only a small percentage of the
nation’s
population could receive college
education. Once given the opportunity, one would
surely secure a well-paid
and much-respected
job, which he or she would probably do for a
lifetime. Therefore, to secure a college
degree used to be the ultimate goal of a
person’s education.
Today, however, we are
living in what is called a “knowledge society,”
where creative ideas and
innovations are
generated at a fantastic speed. One must
constantly renew one’s knowledge and upgrade one’s
skills so as to meet the needs of the changing
world. Moreover, at the stage of general
education, it is pointless
for a person to
attempt to know everything. When one is required
to settle down to be a specialist in a specific
field, one has to make an in-depth study of
the subject one is supposed to know. In this
sense, general
education can provide students
with only a passport to lifelong education. As
Robert Maynard Hutchins once
said, the object
of education is to prepare the young to educate
themselves throughout their lives.
In my
opinion, life in modern society is not only a
process of “learning to live” but also a process
of
“living to learn”. The slogan “Live and
Learn” can best reflect the concept of lifelong
education. (226 words)
▆ Sample essay for
task 2:
Should Family Schooling Exist？
Meng Mu Tang, a private school in Shanghai, is
modeled after the educational system of ancient
Chinese
home schools, which favored rote
memorization and recitation of classic works. But
the local education
authorities in Shanghai
have declared it illegal according to a report in
21st Century. Should family schooling
exist?
What role should it play?
In my opinion,
family schooling should be permitted to play a
positive role in the current educational
system in China. Every family should be free
to choose the form of education that best suits
their children’s
interests and natural gifts.
Although the existing education system in China
has remarkably improved, it does
not fit each
child perfectly. Since family schooling provides a
means to develop a person’s talents and unique
interest, Meng Mu Tang, as a private school
geared to a specific group of children, should not
be banned in
haste. In view of the current
dynamic, quality-minded educational reforms in
China, we should permit family
schooling to
enrich and diversify our educational system.
On the other hand, home schooling should adapt
itself to the modern world. To prepare children
for the
future, it should equip them with
knowledge and innovative power so that they can
cope with the development
of the modern world.
While tapping children’s innate talents on an
individual basis, family schooling should
never neglect their all-round development.
Meng Mu Tang may not be a perfect private school,
but we should
let it live and have a try so
that family schooling may eventually become an
indispensable component of our
formal
education. (260 words)
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