我的中国梦作文开头-教师业务学习心得

Lesson 2 被动语态

【教学目标】
1.复习语 法被动语态，正确掌握被动语态在不同时态中的不同用
法以及其常考点。
2. 通过课堂讲解新题型—短文改错技巧，让学生在习题实战中
弄清楚短文改错的出题点并逐步掌握做 题技巧。
【教学重点】
掌握被动语态在不同时态中的不同用法。



PART 1 语法讲解


一．被动语态考点分析
（一）. 被动语态的基本结构
被动语态的基本结构：be +及物动词过去分词
主动语态变被动语态的步骤：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变be done.
注意：因为只有及物动词才能直接接宾语，因此被动语态一般是针对及物
动词而言;不及物动词 不能单独接宾语，而是必须和介词或副词构成动词
短语之后才可以接宾语，因此不及物动词的被动语态即 是整个动词短语的
被动语态
例如： 1). For three months the same thing was happened each night.( × )
For three months the same thing happened each night.( √ )
2). They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
(二)．被动语态基础篇


时态
一般现在
时
一般过去
时
一般将来
时
过去将来
时
现在进行

be
am is are
was were
shall will + be
would should +
be
am is are +
过去分词
以done为
例
Done
Done
Done
Done
Done

例句
English is spoken in many countries all over the world .
Some TV sets for sale in the department store were
stolen last night.
He won't be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra.
They would be sent to the army when they finished the
training.
The project is being carried out.

时
过去进行
时
现在完成
时
过去完成
时

【牛刀小试】
being
was were +
being
have has + been
had+ been
Done
Done
Done
The case was being investigated then.
This novel has been translated into several languages.
They said that production costs had been reduced.
1. Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. （变一般疑问句）

2. All the preparations for the task have been made in one week.（变一般疑问句）

3. A new cinema is being built in the center of the city.（对划线部分提问）

4. The broken computer is going to be repaired in two days. (对划线部分提问)

5. The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived. (变否定句)

课堂练习一：
1. 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1).It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2).Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3).Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4).The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5).Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6). The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
7). The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
8). Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9).knives _______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10). Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

2．选择题
1)._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did build
2). An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened
3).Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown
4).So far, the moon ____ by man already.
D. happened
C. grows D. grow
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
5).A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given
6).How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
7).A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
8).--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
9).The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
10).Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

C. will be given D. gives
(三). 被动语态的特殊结构形式


类型



句


带有双宾语
变化
主动语态
从句的主语作被动语态
的主语时，可以直接把We know that he was
从句主语变为被动语态dying.
可用it作形式主语
举例
被动语态
He was known to be dying.
It was known that he was dying.
带有宾语从主语，也
整个从句作被动语态主He has knows that many It has been known to him that
用形式主语it.
语
him. him.
I was given a book by him.
our He was made our monitor.
He was heard singing.
The song was heard sung.
语时，变为被动语态,要friends will come to see many friends will come to see
将其中一个宾语变为主He gave me a book.
made him
A book was given to me by him.
带有复合宾在使役动词have, make, We
语 get以及感官动词see, monitor.
（S+O+O.C） watch, notice, hear, feel, I heard him singing.

observe等后面不定式作I heard the song sung.
宾语补语时 ，在主动结
构中不定式to要省略，
但变为被动结构时，要
加to。
含有情态动情态动词+ be + 过去分We must clean the room.. The room must be cleaned.
词
谓语
的被动语态
词
词副词
do 也有被动语态(一般
时态和完成时态)
me)
the public.
短语动词作保留动词原来所带的介I’ll look after the boy.
非谓语动词v.+ing 形式及不定式 to
The boy will be looked after.(by
I don't like being laughed at in

(四). 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

+过去分词可以是被动语态形式,也可以是系表结构形式。
【区别】：被动语态强调动作，可 以带by短语；系表结构表主语的特点或状态，
不带by短语。
The job was well done.(系表结构)
The job was well done by a skilled worker.(被动语态)
The composition is well written.(系表结构)
The composition is written with great care;.(被动语态)
 表示状态特征的连系动词 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn,
stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容词名词构成系表结构。
★ 常见的表示状态的短语归纳：
①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.
②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.
③be lost迷路，遗失 Much of the goodness in food may be lost in cooking.
④be drunk喝醉 Anyone can fulfill their social responsibilities, such as do
not spit, cannot be drunk driving.
⑤be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.

2.英语中有很多动词及动词词组如 break，catch ，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，
read，write，wash等，当 它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动
形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
This kind of T-shirt sells well.

3. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out,
come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动
意义。
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
Elections will now take place on November the twenty-fifth.
You can’t expect everything to turn out as you wish.
4. 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1)．在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动
意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2). 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示 被动含义，但不能跟动词不
定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture- book is very worthy
to be read．）
3). 动词不 定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和
句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I
是主谓关系。)
4). 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或
宾语又是 动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice，easy ，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，
interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5)． 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表
示被动意义。例如: This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6). 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式
作定语，重点 在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
There is no time to lose（to be lost）．
（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）
7). 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,
由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意
义。
例如: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
5. 以下动词及短语也不用语被动语态。
① 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
② 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

③ 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.
课堂练习二
1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to
C． do not keep；will have to
A. developed



















B． are not kept；have
D． do not keep；have to
B. have developed
D. will have been developed
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now.
C. are being developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told
A. has completed


B． I've told











C． I'm told
B. completes
D. is completed
D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
C. has been completed
in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built




B. has been built C. is built D. is building
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth
PART 2 新题型讲解

短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、
删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(

)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It has been ten years since I graduate (graduated) from high school. Last
week, I (was) informed of a class reunion held by our monitor unexpected
(unexpectedly). Much to my delight, most of his (my) classmates got reunited, recall
(recalling) the time we spent together. In addition, many an activity were (was)
arranged, one of that (which) was to visit our school and teachers. It reminded us of
the excited (exciting) moments we enjoyed together. All of us thought it was the (a)
huge success. Despite being separated, I will never forget my dear friends or (and)
always keep the precious memory in mind.
总结：新题型技巧——短文改错
题型特征 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，是测试考
生书面表达能力的一种比较客 观的方式。它能全面地考查学生对语言的评价
与校正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。
能力要求
短文改错试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，突出的是检测考生写作能力中
的校 验能力和积极的写作能力，同时考查考生校验句式和对语篇的把握能力。
因此，仅仅把改错题当作是对语 法的考查，那是对高考中短文改错题的误解。
文章选材
短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生 自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，
且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即通俗易懂 ，基
本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。词数通常与书面表达一样，
也在100词 左右。
考点设置
考点的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。其重点是从词法、句法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结
构、习惯搭配等。
八大题眼
1．句中的时态、主谓、代词是否一致。
2．句中的谓语是否完整。
3．句中的非谓语动词运用是否恰当。
4．习惯用法、固定搭配是否正确。
5．冠词、形容词、副词及关系词是否得当。
6．是否该用被动语态。

7．从句的连接词是否正确。
8．从句中的谓语是否完整。
十大考点
• 1．冠词的多用、漏用和误用
• 错误设置包括以下三个方面：
• (1)定冠词和不定冠词的混用。
• (2)零冠词和非零冠词的混用。
• (3)某些习语或固定搭配中冠词的误用。
• 应考策略
• (1)牢固掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规律。
• (2)平时注意留意冠词的使用，努力培养语感。
• (3)熟记固定结构中冠词的使用情况。
• 2．名词单复数的误用
• 错误设置包括以下两个方面：
• (1)可数名词与不可数名词的混用。
• (2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的特殊用法。
• 应考策略
• (1)理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。
• (2)记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。
• 3．代词指代不一致或代词使用不当
• 错误设置包括以下三个方面：
• (1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致。
• (2)“it”一词的使用不当。
• (3)不定代词或反身代词的误用。
• 应考策略
• (1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。
• (2)系统掌握it的各种用法。
• (3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。
• 4．主谓不一致的错误
• 错误设置包括以下三个方面：
• (1)主谓在人称或单复数上不一致。
• (2)在含有定语从句或强调结构中的主谓不一致方面的错误。
• (3)非谓语动词短语作主语或主语从句作主语时主谓不一致方面的错误。
• 应考策略
• (1)做题时要有全局观念，前后联系。
• (2)搞清句子结构，分析句子成分。
• (3)全面掌握有关主谓一致的规则。
• 5．动词的时态和语态的误用
• 错误设置包括以下三个方面：
• (1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致。
• (2)在特定 语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时
态，从句中则用一般现在时态)。
• (3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。
• 应考策略
• (1)通读全文，搞清文中动词的主体时态。
• (2)结合语境，灵活掌握各种时态的用法。

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(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动。
6．非谓语动词的误用
错误设置包括以下三个方面：
(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用。
(2)非谓语动词之间的混用。
(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用
应考策略
(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分。
(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。
(3)前后联系，整体把握。
7．形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用
错误设置包括以下三个方面：
(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一。
(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用。
(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用。
应考策略
(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能。
(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系。
(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词。
8．关联词的误用
错误设置包括以下三个方面：
(1)并列连词but, and, or, so等词的混用，常常出现在短文改错题中。
(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。
应考策略
(1)依据文中的逻辑关系，准确把握词与词，句与句或段与段之间的关系。
(2)分析句子结构，确定句子的类型(简单句，并列句，复合句)。
(3)排除汉语影响，识别although ...but 或 because ...so 等错误。
9．固定搭配、习惯用法与介词的误用
错误设置包括以下三个方面：
(1)在一些固定短语中介词的误用。
(2)介词与连词或副词的混用。
(3)及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用。
应考策略
(1)在平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆。
(2)强化语法训练，分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。
(3)把语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来。
10．冗词的多用
错误设置包括以下三个方面：
(1)英语和汉语在某些方面的表达差异是常考点之一。
(2)某些从句引导词的误用。
(3)某些固定表达结构的误用。
应考策略
(1)培养用英语思维的良好习惯，避免汉语影响。
(2)分析句子成分，把握句子结构。
(3)结合上下文，完整领会短文内容。

课堂练习
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、
删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(

)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My brother, whom is a Harvard graduate, work in a multinational company.
Recently, the company has failed several time in its attempts to break into the Chinese
market. As a new manager in the charge of the sales department, he is trying every
possible means to promote the products of his company. Because he has taken some
effective measures, the profits are expected to rise at 30%. I am real proud of my
brother. What’s more, she has promised to give me five thousand yuan while my
summer holiday comes. If so, I will be able to afford go traveling. How a wonderful
piece of news!




PART 3 课后作业


一．单选题。
1. (2015·北京)--Did you enjoy the party? --Yes, we ___ by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated. C. treated D. had treated
2. (2015·重庆) In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the harmers
after all the wheat_______ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
3. (2015·天津) Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by
the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached
4. (2015·四川) More expressways _______in Sichuang soon to promote the
economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
5. (2015·福建) To my delight, I _______from hundreds of applicants to attend the
opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
6. (2015·安徽) It is reported that a space station _________ on the moon in the years
to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has being building D. has been built
7. (2015·湖南) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but__________
thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back
8. (2014·北京) I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived.
A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started

9. (2014·天津) We won’t start the work until all the preparations___________.
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made
10. (2014·大纲) Unless extra money ________, the theater will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is D. found

二．用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday, he _______ (receive)
a letter from the police station. In the letter, he ______ to call at(到) the station. Ted
didn’t know why he ______(want) by the police, but he _____(go) to the station
yesterday and now he _________(not worry) any more. At the station, he _____(tell)
by a smiling policeman that his bicycle __________(find) five days ago, the police
man ______(tell) him that the bicycle _____(pick) up in a small village four hundred
miles away. Now, it ________(send) to his home on the way by train. Ted
______(surprise) when he ______(hear) the news. He was amused too, because he
never thought that the bicycle________( can find) again. It _______(take) away by
someone twenty years ago when he _______(be) a boy.

三．翻译下列句子。
1. ( 2014年新课标1，阅读理解) Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are
selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF(Cambridge
Science Festival) on Sunday, April 21
st
.
译：___ __________________________________________________ _____________
________________________________ _____________________________________

2. ( 2014年新课标1，短文改错改编) Although we are allowed tomato plants to grow
in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack
problem.
译：_________________ ________________________________________________ < br>_______________________________________________ ______________________

3. ( 2015年新课标1，阅读理解) The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its
tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1:00 pm, rain or shine, along North Lemon and
States streets.
译：______________ __________________________________________________ __
___________________________________________ __________________________

4. ( 2015年新课标1，阅读理解) Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to, misled or
cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust.
译：__________ __________________________________________________ ______
_______________________________________ ______________________________

5. ( 2015年北京卷，阅读理解) However, social changes are brought about by new
technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
译：________ __________________________________________________ ________
_____________________________________ ________________________________

6. (2013全国卷1，阅读理解) 工商管理是一个被用来描述规划技巧和商业方向
的术语。
译：______________ __________________________________________________ __
___________________________________________ __________________________

7. (2013全国卷1，阅读理解) 第二天，我的丈夫和儿子被提供更多的赠款来搭
乘之后的航班。（赠款：credits）
译 ：_________________________________________________ _________________
____________________________ _________________________________________
8. (2013全国卷1，阅读理解) 但是当被问到他们真正喜欢哪个作者时，人们都
会说杰克罗林。（杰克罗林：J.K. Rowling）
译：___________________________________ ____________________________
_________________ __________________________________________________

9. ( 2015年新课标1，短文改错) 不幸的是，随着工业的发展，环境受到了严重
污染。
译：________________ _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ___________________

10. ( 2015年新课标2，语法填空) 土坏房的设计得到了现代建筑师和工程师的赞
赏。（土坏房：dwelling）
译：___ __________________________________________________ __________
___________________________________ ________________________________