最新英语期末考试试卷
传统文化剪纸-安全总结
名
姓
号
密
学
）
业
专
、
术
学
（
别
类
封
）
域
领
（
业
专
线
院
学
精品文档
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷
2012 ~2013 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）
开课学院：
课程编号
： 考试日期：
考试方式：
考试时间： 120 分钟
题 号 一 二 三
四
考试 计分 口试 平时 课程
成绩 60% 20% 20% 成绩
得 分
硕士生B类答题纸
英语班次：
_______________
Answer Sheet
Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points,
1-15 30points; 16-25
10points)
1. ( )
2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. (
)
6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. (
) 10. ( )
11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13.
( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )
16. (
) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. (
)
21.( ) 22.(
)
23.( )
24.( )
25.(
)
Part II. Translation from English
to Chinese ( 20 points)
精品文档
Part III.
Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)
(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the
reverse side.)
命
题
（
组
题
）<
br>人
：
黄
萍
李
雁
审
题
人
：
黄
萍
命
题
时
间
：
2012.12
研
究
生
院
制
精品文档
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷
2012～2013 学年 第 一 学期
硕士生B类
Part I:
Reading Comprehension 40%
Directions: Read
the following passages carefully and then select
the best answer
from the four choices given to
answer the questions or to complete the statements
that follow each passage. Write your answer on
your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes
only about 20 percent of the factors
that
determine success. A full 80 percent comes from
other factors，including what I
call emotional
intelligence. Following are two of the major
qualities that make up
emotional
intelligence，and how they can be developed：
1.
Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling
as it happens is the
keystone of emotional
intelligence. People with greater certainty about
their
emotions are better pilots of their
lives.
Developing self-awareness requires
tuning in to what neurologist Antonio
Damasio
calls “gut feelings”。Gut feelings can occur
without a person being
consciously aware of
them. For example，when people who fear snakes are
shown a
picture of a snake，sensors on their
skin will detect sweat，a sign of anxiety，even
though the people say they do not feel fear.
The sweat shows up even when a
picture is
presented so rapidly that the subject has no
conscious awareness of seeing
it.
Through deliberate effort we can become more aware
of our gut feelings. Take
someone who is
annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it
occurred. He may be
unaware of his
irritability and surprised when someone calls
attention to it. But if he
evaluates his
feelings, he can change them.
Emotional
self-awareness is the building block of the next
fundamental of
emotional intelligence：being
able to shake off a bad mood.
2. Mood
Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life
and build
character. The key is balance. We
often have little control over when we are swept
by emotion. But we can have some say in how
long that emotion will last.
Psychologist
Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women
about their
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strategies for escaping
foul moods. Her research，along with that of other
psychologists，provides valuable information on
how to change a bad mood.
Of all the moods
that people want to escape，rage seems to be the
hardest to
deal with. When someone in another
car cuts you off on the highway，your reflexive
though may be，That jerk！ He could have hit
me！I can't let him get away with that！
The more
you stew，the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of
hypertension and
reckless driving.
What
should you do to relieve rage？One myth is that
ventilating will make
you feel better. In
fact，researchers have found that's one of the
worst strategies. A
more effective technique
is “reframing”， which means consciously
reinterpreting a
situation in a more positive
light. In the case of the driver who cuts you
off，you
might tell yourself： Maybe he had some
emergency. This is one of the most potent
ways, Tice found，to put anger to rest.
Going off alone to cool down is also an effective
way to refuse anger,
especially if you can't
think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion
of men cool
down by going for a drive—a
finding that inspired her to drive more
defensively. A
safer alternative is exercise,
such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do，don't
waste the time pursuing your train of angry
thoughts. Your aim should be to distract
yourself.
The techniques of reframing
and distraction can alleviate depression and
anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such
relaxation techniques as deep breathing
and
meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons
against bad moods.
1. What are gut feelings？
A. They are feelings one is born with.
B. They are feelings one may be unaware of.
C. They are feelings of fear and anxiety.
D. They are feelings felt by sensible people.
2. According to the author，the importance of
knowing one's gut feelings is that
A. one
can develop them.
B. one can call others'
attention to them.
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C. one
may get rid of them.
D. one may control
them.
3. The word “spice” in paragraph Six
is closest in meaning to
A. add interest
to
B. lengthen.
C. make dull
D. bring into existence.
4. On mood
control, the author seems to suggest that we
A. can control the occurrence of mood.
B.
are often unaware of what mood we are in.
C. can determine the duration of mood.
D.
lack strategies for controlling moods.
5.
The essence of “reframing” is
A. to forget
the unpleasant situation.
B. to adopt a
positive attitude.
C. to protect oneself
properly.
D. to avoid road accidents.
Passage Two
The case for college has
been accepted without question for more than a
generation. All high school graduates ought to
go, says conventional wisdom and
statistical
evidence, because college will help them earn more
money, become
But college has never been
able to work its magic for everyone. And now that
close to half our high school graduates are
attending, those who don't fit the pattern
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are becoming more numerous, and more
obvious. College graduates are selling
shoes
and driving taxis; college students interfere with
each other's experiments and
write false
letters of recommendation in the intense
competition for admission to
graduate school.
Other find no stimulation in their studies, and
drop out—often
encouraged by college
administrators.
Some observers say the fault
is with the young people themselves—they are
spoiled and they are expecting too much. But
that is a condemnation of the students
as a
whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness.
Others blame the state of
the world, and they
are partly right. We have been told that young
people have to go
to college because our
economy can't absorb an army of untrained
eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates
are learning that it can no longer
absorb an
army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and watchers have
openly begun to suggest
that college may not
be the best, the proper, the only place for every
young person
after the completion of high
school. We may have been looking at all those
surveys
and statistics upside down, it seems,
and through the rosy glow of our own
remembered college experiences. Perhaps
college doesn't make people intelligent,
ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn
things—may it is just the other way
around,
and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-
learning people are merely
the ones who have
been attracted to college in the first place. And
perhaps all those
successful college graduates
would have been successful whether they had gone
to
college or not. This is heresy to those of
us who have been brought up to believe
that if
a little schooling is good, more has to be much
better. But contrary evidence
is beginning to
mount up.
6. According to the author, ___.
A. people used to question the value of
college education.
B. people used to have
full confidence in higher education.
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C. all high school
graduates went to college.
D. very few
high school graduates chose to go to college.
7. In the 2nd paragraph,
A. high school
graduates who aren't suitable for college
education.
B. college graduates who are
selling shoes and driving taxis.
C.
college students who aren't any better for their
higher education.
D. high school graduates
who failed to be admitted to college.
8. The
dropout rate of college students seems to go up
because___.
A. young people are
disappointed with the conventional way of teaching
at
college.
B. many people are
required to join the army.
C. young people
have little motivation in pursuing a higher
education.
D. young people don't like the
intense competition for admission to graduate
school.
9. According to the passage, the
problems of college education partly originate
in the fact that___.
A .society cannot
provide enough jobs for properly trained
graduates.
B. High school graduates do not
fit the pattern of college education.
C.
Too many students have to earn their own living.
D. College administrators encourage
students to drop out.
10. In this passage
the author argues that___.
A. college
education is not enough if one wants to be
successful.
B. college education benefits
only the intelligent, ambitious, and
quick-
learning people.
C. intelligent people may
learn quicker if they don't go to college.
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D. more and more evidence shows
college education may not be the best thing
for high school graduates.
Passage Three
A controversy erupted in the scientific
community in early 1998 over the use of
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in
criminal investigations. DNA
fingerprinting
was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify
individuals based on a
pattern seen in their
DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is
present
in every cell of the body except red
blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used
successfully in various ways, such as to
determine paternity where it is not clear
who
the father of a particular child is. However, it
is in the area of criminal
investigations that
DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and
controversial
uses.
DNA fingerprinting
and other DNA analysis techniques have
revolutionized
criminal investigations by
giving investigators powerful new tools in the
attempt to
trove guilt, not just establish
innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a
DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is
compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern
obtained from such material as hairs or blood
found at the scene of a crime. A
match between
the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to
convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998
stemmed form a report published in December 1991
by
population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin
of Harvard University in Cambridge,
Mass., and
Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods
to calculate how likely
it is that a match
between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance
alone. In
particular, they argued that the
current method cannot properly determine the
likelihood that two DNA samples will match
because they came from the same
individual
rather than simply from two different individuals
who are members of
the same ethnic group.
Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of
DNA
patterns methods are adequate.
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In response to
their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit
Chakraborty of
the University of Texas in
Dallas and Kenneth of Yale University in New
Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are
already available to show that the
methods
currently being used are adequate. In January
1998, however, the federal
Bureau of
Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA
tests announced that
they would collect
additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups
in an
attempt to resolve some of these
questions. And, in April, a National Academy of
Sciences called for strict standards and
system of accreditation for DNA testing
laboratories.
11. Before DNA
fingerprinting is used, suspects____.
A.
would have to leave their fingerprints for further
investigations
B. would have to submit
evidence for their innocence
C. could
easily escape conviction of guilt
D. cold
be convicted of guilt as well
12. DNA
fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.
A .the methods used for blood- cell calculation
are not accurate
B. two different
individuals of the same ethnic group may have the
same
DNA fingerprinting pattern
C. a
match is by chance left with fingerprints that
happen to belong to two
different individuals
D. two different individuals leave two DNA
samples.
13. To geneticists like Lewontin
and Hartl, the current method ____.
A. is
not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood
that two DNA samples
can never come from two
individuals
B. is arguable because two
individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to
have the same DNA pattern.
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C.
is not based on adequate scientific theory of
genetics
D. is theoretically contradictory
to what they have been studying
14. The
attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation
shows that ____.
A. enough data are yet to
be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm
the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming
from two individual members
B. enough data
of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that
only
DNA samples form the same person can
match
C. enough data are yet to be
collected from various ethnic groups to
determine the likelihood of two different DNA
samples coming form the same
person 来
D.
additional samples from various ethnic groups
should be collected to
determine that two DNA
samples are unlikely to come from the same person
15. National Academy of Sciences holds the
stance that ____.
A. DNA testing should be
systematized
B. Only authorized
laboratories can conduct DNA testing
C. the
academy only is authorized to work out standards
for testing
D. the academy has the right to
accredit laboratories for DNA testing
Passage Four
A. ‘Consumer behavior’ is
the behavior that consumers display in seeking,
purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of
products and services that they
expect will
satisfy their personal needs. The study of
consumer behavior is the study
of how
individuals make decisions to spend their
available resources (money, time
and effort)
on products and services. Consumer behavior
includes both mental
decisions and the
physical actions that result from those decisions.
Although some
social scientists limit their
understanding of ‘behavior’ to observable actions,
it is
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apparent that the
reasons and decisions behind the actions involved
in human (and
consumer) behavior are as
important to investigate as the actions
themselves.
B. People engage in
activities for many purposes other than
consumption but,
when acting as a customer,
individuals have just one goal in mind – to obtain
goods
and services that meet their needs and
wants. All consumers face varying problems
associated with acquiring products to sustain
life and provide for some comforts.
Because
solutions to these problems are vital to the
existence of most people, and
the economic
well-being of all, they are usually not taken
lightly. The process is
complex, as choices
must be made regarding what, why, how, when, where
and how
often to buy an item.
C.
Take, for instance, the product bottled water – a
multimillion-dollar industry. A
study of
consumption behavior in this area would
investigate what kinds of
consumers buy
bottled water, and why, when and where they buy
it. The study
might find that, among some
consumers, the growing use of bottled water is
tied to
concerns with fitness; and, among
others, with the quality of tap water. It might
find
that domestic brands have a totally
different image from imported brands, and that
the reasons and occasions for usage vary among
consumers. By contrast, a more
durable product
such as a document scanner would have a very
different target
market. What kinds of
consumers buy, or would buy, a scanner for home
use? What
features do they look for? How much
are they willing to pay? How many will wait
for prices to come down? The answers to these
questions can be found through
consumer
research, and would provide scanner manufacturers
with important input
for product design
modification and marketing strategy.
D.
The word ‘consumer’ is often used to describe two
different kinds of
consuming entities; the
personal consumer and the organizational consumer.
The
personal consumer buys goods and services
for his or her own use (e.g. shaving
cream),
for the use of the whole household (television
set), for another member of
the household (a
shirt or electronic game) or as a gift for a
friend (a book). In all
these contexts, the
goods are bought for final use by individuals who
are referred to
as ‘end-users’ or ‘ultimate
consumers’.
E. The second category of
consumer includes profit and non-profit
businesses,
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public sector agencies
(local and national) and institutions (schools,
churches,
prisons), all of which buy products,
equipment and services in order to run their
organizations. Manufacturing companies must
buy the raw materials and other
components to
manufacture and sell their products; service
companies must buy the
equipment necessary to
render the services they sell; government agencies
buy the
office products needed to operate
agencies; institutions must buy the materials they
need to maintain themselves and their
populations.
F. The person who purchases
a product is not always the sole user of the
product.
Nor is the purchaser necessarily the
person who makes the decision or pays for the
product. Thus the marketplace activities of
individuals entail three functions, or
roles,
as part of the processes involved in consumer
behavior. The three functions
are the
consumer, the person who consumes or uses the
product or service; the
purchaser, the person
who undertakes the activities to obtain the
product or service;
and the payer, the person
who provides the money or other object of value to
obtain
the product or service. Marketers must
decide whom to direct their marketing
efforts
toward. For some products or services, they must
identify the person who is
most likely to
influence the decision. Some marketers believe
that the buyer of the
products is the best
prospect, others believe it is the user of the
product, while still
others play it safe by
directing their promotional efforts to both buyers
and users.
For example, some toy manufacturers
advertise their products on children’s
television shows to reach the users, others
advertise in magazines to reach the
buyers,
and others run dual campaigns designed to reach
both children and their
parents.
G.
In addition to studying how consumers use the
products they buy, consumer
researchers are
also interested in how individuals dispose of
their once-new
purchases when they are
finished with them. The answer to this question is
important to marketers, as they must match
production to the frequency with which
consumers buy replacements. It is also
important to society as a whole, as solid
waste disposal has become a major
environmental problem that marketers must
address in their development of products and
packaging. Recycling is no longer a
sufficient
response to the problem. Many manufacturers have
begun to
remanufacture old components to
install in new products, because remanufacturing
is often cheaper, easier and more efficient
than recycling
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Reading
Passage4 has seven paragraphs: A–G. Which
paragraph contains the
following information?
Write the correct letter, A–G, on your answer
sheet
（item 16-20）.
16. a description
of the organizational consumer
17. the reason
why customers take purchasing decisions seriously
18. reference to a way of re-using materials
19. ways of exposing products to a range of
potential customers
20. a term used to
describe someone who buys for the family
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS from
the passage for each
answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet
(item
21-25).
Market research Market
Research carried out on non-durable products
like .21. aims to find out who
buys these
goods and why. Researchers look at what motivates
buyers, such as
issues of personal …22… or
environmental factors. They
may …23…that …24…
are viewed differently from a local product.
Alternatively, research on durable,
manufactured goods is likely to focus more
on
pricing, and the results may help suggest
appropriate changes to
the …25 …of the
product, as well as showing how best to market it.
Part II. Translation from English to
Chinese 20%
Directions: Put the following
passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your
Answer Sheet.
Classroom climate is
important. If students experience the classroom as
a caring,
supportive place where there is a
sense of belonging and everyone is valued and
respected, they will tend to participate more
fully in the process of learning. Various
task
dimensions can also foster motivation to learn.
Ideally, tasks should be
challenging but
achievable. Relevance also promotes motivation, as
does
“contextualizing” learning, that is,
helping students to see how skills can be applied
in the real world. Tasks that involve “a
moderate amount of discrepancy or
incongruity”
are beneficial because they stimulate students’
curiosity, an intrinsic
motivator.
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Part III. Translation from Chinese into
English 20%
Directions: Put the following
Chinese into English. Write your answer on your
Answer Sheet.
在现代社会，尽管社会进步，物质丰富，人们总感到有
些地方不对劲，但
却又难以明确地指出到底问题出在哪儿。空虚，没有归属感，缺乏稳定的社会
关系似乎都成为人们略感不快的来由。人们对于快乐这个棘手的话题，似乎都
有共识：若问及人们生活怎
样，他们会谈及他们的家人、工作等而非仅仅是回
答他们的薪水多少。对他们而言，生活的质量比薪水的
数量更加重要。
Part IV. Writing 20%
Directions: You are to write an email of about
150 words on the following topic.
Write your
composition on your Answer Sheet.
情景：现有一家企业正在招聘，招聘岗位非常适合自己，请你去信询问相关内
容，内容必须包括
1. 说明你写信的原因及目的;
2. 说明你需要这份工作的理由；
3.
询问该岗位的职责所在；
4. 询问所需岗位的条件及要求；
5.
其它你认为需要询问的事项
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people always feel that
there is something not right. However, it is hard
for them to put a finger on it. A feeling of
emptiness and not belonging, a
lack of defined
solid relationship seem to be the sources of
unhappiness.
People all agree on the great
conundrum of personal happiness: when
asked
how they are, they will answer in terms of their
family life and
work life rather than just
what they are paid.
名
姓
号
密
学
）
业
专
、
术
学
（
别
类
封
）
域
领
（
业
专
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷
2012 ~2013 学年 第
一 学期
硕士生B类答案
Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40
points: 1-15 30points;16-25
10points )
1.
( B ) 2. ( D ) 3. ( A ) 4. ( C ) 5.
( B )
6. ( B ) 7. ( C ) 8. ( C ) 9.
( A ) 10. ( D)
11. ( C) 12. ( B )
13. ( A ) 14. ( B) 15. ( B )
16.
( E) 17. ( B) 18. ( G) 19. ( F ) 20. (
D)
21. bottled water (must have both words)
22. fitness
23. discoverfind
24.
imported brands (must have both words)
25.
design features design features
Part
II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20
points)
（略）
Part III.
Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
In modern societies, despite the
social progress and prosperity,
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Part IV.
Writing ( 20 points)
命
题
（
组
题
）
人
：
审
题
人
：
命
题
时
间
：
研
究
生
（略）