grammar week 5——广外高翻本科大三高级英语ppt
延期举证申请书-交通安全小儿歌
Grammar and Vocabulary Week 4
Focus:
Vocabulary:
Word formation
exercises
English grammar
a. Historical
present
b. Negation
Word formation
exercises
40) hydrogen, oxygen, degenerative
disorder, generator, gene
-gen (produce;
generate)
41) pentagon, hexagon, heptagon,
diagonal
-gon (angle)
42) contradict,
contra-injection, contra-rotating, antibiotics,
anticorrosion
contra- anti- (against)
43)
intracellular, intracity, intra-atomic, introspect
intra- intro (inward)
44) transmitted
signals, green gas emissions, hospital admission,
missile
-mit-; -mis- (send)
Transmettre
Mettre mis
45) telecast, teleconference,
telescopic,
tele- (far; distant)
46)
posterior, postglacial, postmeridian, post-mortem,
postscript
post- (after)
47) aerobatics,
aerophotography, areomedical, aerodynamics
aero- (air; aviation)
48) synchronizer,
symbion, symphonic, asymmetry, synthesizer
syn-sym- (together)
Symbionese Liberation
Army
49) euphemism, eulogy, euphoria,
euthanasia, eugenics
eu- (good; benign) mercy
killing
50) carnivore, herbivore,
carnivorous, herbivorous, anthropophagic,
xylophagous insects
-vore; -vorous; -phagic;
-phagous (eat; feed on)
Felines
Canine
Cannibal
Diminutive suffixes
A somewhat smaller or less important version
of something
-ette: kitchenette,cigarette,
novelette中篇小说, diskette essayette短散文,
roomette小房
间；卧车小包房, brunette浅黑肤色的女人,
bachelorette未婚女子, towelette湿餐巾纸；
小毛巾，statuette；
1
-kin: manikin侏儒；时装模特,
cannikin小杯；小罐，lambkin；
Origin of the word
Yankee: Jan—Jankee—Yankee—Dutch people living in
New
Amsterdam (Present-day New York)—Americans
living in the north—Americans as a
whole.
-ling: ducking, seedling秧苗，幼苗, siblings,
princeling；
-let: piglet, booklet, islet,
leaflet;
-y: piggy, kitty, maidy, puppy,
-ish：brownish, reddish, blackish, sevenish
Other Diminutive forms： clipped forms (as Jim,
Tim, Tom, Sam) ；altered forms (as Peggy,
Bill,
Bob
*How about Chinese diminutives?
1. 说出以下词语的汉语意义
1) a classic performance
classical music, classical Chinese
2) a comic
masterpiece comical behavior
3) an economic
miracle economical arrangement
4) a historic
site historical figure
5) an electric
motor electrical appliance
1) a
classic performance经典的一流的演出
classical music,
classical Chinese 古典
2) a comic masterpiece
喜剧名作
comical behavior 滑稽的行为
3) an
economic miracle 经济奇迹
economical
arrangement节约的安排
4) a historic site 历史遗迹
（有历史意义的；历史上著名的）
historical figure 历史人物
（历史的；史学的；基于史实的）
5) an electric motor
电动机（电的；电动的）
6) electrical
appliance电器；电气器具（电气设备有关电的；电气科学的）
electric
current; electrical current
2. Put the
following into Chinese
1) He was the oldest
and lorded it over the rest of us
2) She used
to queen it over the girls.
3) He kings it
over his colleagues.
4) He then clerked it in
a drugstore.
5) You’ll cop it if mother
catches you in the kitchen again.
挨骂；受罚
6)
Sometimes a boxer dogs it.
2
敷衍了事；躲避
7) I cabbed it home yesterday.
(taxi it, train it, etc)
8) He has been
roughing it in the woods this summer.
因陋就简地生活
9) As we feel that we had done the right thing
we could brave it out.
拼到底
10) When
things aren’t going well, he’ll just beat it.
跑掉,走开,溜走
11) You’ve hit it again.
猜对了；说对了
12) There’s some time before the
train leaves. I think we shall make it if we
hurry.
赶上（车）；及时抵达
13) The ambulance men
had to elbow their way through the huge crowd
standing
round the crashed car.
挤过
14) The steamer nosed its way along the
winding creek.
探索着前进
15) The soldier
wormed his way toward the enemy’s line.
匍匐前进
16) He warmed his way into her affections.
善待；对。。。很好
17) The train was snaking its
way through the mountains.
18) He picked his
way across the rough and rocky hillside.
小心行路
19) The ship ploughed her way through the
huge waves.
艰难地前行
20) The blind man
groped (felt) his way to the door.
摸索前进
Squeeze one’s way, fight one’s way, shoot
one’s way, force one’s way, beat one’s way偷
乘车,
dig one’s way, etc.
将以下新闻标题译成英语
1．
深圳摧毁26个地下钱庄 涉案金额超127亿
2． 国民党完成5地市长候选人提名
民进党定4地人选
3． 河南坐11年冤狱村民称遭刑讯逼供 公检法道歉
4．
穗数万集体户口不能结婚
5． 汶川地震灾区有望提前实现恢复重建目标
6．
公安部教育部要求严打严防校园安全事件
7． 陕西男子闯入幼儿园砍死9人后自杀
8．
利比亚一架客机坠毁103人遇难
9． 朝鲜媒体称朝成功开发核聚变技术 100%自主研发
10． 英国首相布朗辞职 保守党卡梅伦接任
11． 媒体称俄轰炸机沿日本周边飞行
日出动战机监视
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12．
泰国官员称不再与红衫军谈判 取消年底大选提议
13． 俄矿难遇难人数升至60人
尚有30人被埋井下
14． 希拉里称巴基斯坦部分官员已获知拉登藏匿
1． 深圳摧毁26个地下钱庄 涉案金额超127亿
Illegal banks
outlawed in Shenzhen Secret banks destroyed in
Shenzhen
2． 国民党完成5地市长候选人提名 民进党定4地人选
KMT would-be mayors named, DPP yet to choose
last candidate
3． 河南坐11年冤狱村民称遭刑讯逼供 公检法道歉
Innocent jailed for 11 years
4．
穗数万集体户口不能结婚
Sharers of collective residence
permits denied marriage licenses
5．
汶川地震灾区有望提前实现恢复重建目标
Wenchuan—Quake
reconstruction ahead of schedule
Wehchuan—Reconstruction to be accomplished
ahead of schedule
6． 公安部教育部要求严打严防校园安全事件
School security to be tightened
7．
陕西男子闯入幼儿园砍死9人后自杀
9 kids killed in
kindergarten attack
8． 利比亚一架客机坠毁103人遇难
Air crash in Libya, 103 victims
9．
朝鲜媒体称朝成功开发核聚变技术 100%自主研发
DPRK claims success
with nuke fusion
10． 英国首相布朗辞职 保守党卡梅伦接任
Cameron succeeds Brown as PM
11．
媒体称俄轰炸机沿日本周边飞行 日出动战机监视
Russian bomber cuts
into Japanese airspace
12． 泰国官员称不再与红衫军谈判
取消年底大选提议
Thai officials: no more talks with
Red Shirts
13． 俄矿难遇难人数升至60人 尚有30人被埋井下
60 die in Russian mine disaster, 30 still
missing Death toll hits 60 in Russian mine
disaster
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14．
希拉里称巴基斯坦部分官员已获知拉登藏匿
Hilary Clinton: Laden’s
whereabouts known to Pakistani officials
Negation in English
A．The focus of
negation?
1) 全部否定
1. Nothing is further
away from the truth than this.
2. I have
answered every single question, but my opponent
has answered none.
2) 部分否定
3．All this
is not necessary. ( 比较：All this is unnecessary.)
2. All these metals are not good
conductors. (比较：None of these metals are good
conductors.)
3. Both these
instruments are not precision ones. (比较：Neither of
the instruments is a
precision one)
4. I don’t remember all their names. (比较：I
remember none of their names.)
3) 转移否定
5. I don’t think it’s right to make such a
hasty decision.
6. It is not our view
that the substance or the tone of his remarks this
morning will
contribute to creating a lasting
peace in the Middle East.
4)
否定范围：从否定词开始有时可以一直延伸到句末：被否定的时机上是主语补足语或是
状语（从句）
7. They did not part good friends.
8.
We haven’t called the meeting to discuss this
question.
9. He didn’t buy the book
because he needed it.
10. The Nazis had
not instantly withdrawn from Africa or Sicily
merely because of
threat to their rear.
11. They do not conduct the dangerous
experiment to serve their private interest, but to
benefit man.
B. 否定含义的判别
某些动词具有消极方面的词汇意义，也属于否定含义的范围
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如 deny, neglect, fail to, refuse
to, exclude, miss, overlook, ignore, lack, keep
from protect,
save等
12. It is one of the
most barbarous customs in the world, considering
us as a civilized and a
Christian country,
that we deny the advantage of learning to women.
13. He fails to make the reader
understand the verse, let alone enjoy it and
delight in it.
16．The manager told the
shop-assistant to work on stock if she lacked a
customer.
2)某些抽象名词， 如 absence, ignorance,
exclusion
17． The almost absence of any US
sway with the parties directly involved in such a
dangerous situation is sobering to say the
least.
18． The failure of the teaching of
grammatical rules to ensure correctness of
expression
has caused many people to throw
grammar aside.
The teaching of grammatical
rules fails to ensure the correctness of
expression. This has
caused many people to
throw grammar aside.
2) 某些形容词， 如little,
few, absent, short of , free offrom, far from,
safe from, inferior to
19. Little is known at
present about this oil field.
20．It is
very important that a drawing be free from
ambiguities and be subject only to a
single
interpretation.
21．Jane Austin was
worried that Emma “might appear inferior in wit”
to Pride and
Prejudice.
22．Far from
admiring his paintings I disliked them intensely.
3)某些介词， 如below, beyond, above, off, past,
beneath, behind, minus, within, but, against,
instead of, out of, but for, in defect of
23. Copies always fall below their original.
24. He is above meanness and deceit.
25．Mr. Shultz on Wednesday reiterated the
administration’s counterargument that the
defenses were still needed as insurance
against cheating.
5) 某些副词， 如 hardly,
seldom, barely, rarely, scarcely, little, few
26. Now, I have recalled these beginnings of
the careers of Franklin, Darwin and Mozart
because they strikingly illustrate a profound
psychological truth the significance of
which
can scarcely be overestimated.
6)
某些特定的词组搭配， 如 (have) yet to, too.. to, rather than,
more than
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27．Japan has
begun offering HDTV (high-definition television)
on a limited basis, and
some European
countries will start within two years. The United
States, yet to choose
an official HDTV system,
may lag slightly behind.
28．Six months
after the invasion, they have yet to establish
themselves as anything
approaching the masters
of all they survey.
。。。他们还不能完全控制所到达的地区。
29. But for reasons that are undiscoverable,
“refute” is now moving toward meaning “deny”
more than it means “to prove by argument that
the other fellow’s argument is false.
7)
双重否定的表达
30．One such major breakthrough
occurred in 1956, although it wasn’t until later
that we
were filled in on the details.
31. His house is not seldom filled with water
in a very rainy season.
32. This is a
matter of no small consequence.
33. You
cannot be too careful.
34. No man can
have too much knowledge and practice.
35.
The importance of curbing inflation cannot be
overemphasized.
36. These scientists
could not believe the two Curies more.
37. Before long her white sails were no more
than a speck upon the waters.
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