shouchaobao-上海政法学院教务

高中英语从句总结ppt
篇一：高中英语语法归纳总结
目录:
第01章 名词性从句
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象
第04章 主谓一致
第05章 动词不定式
第06章 倒装结构
第07章 定语从句
第08章 被动语态
第09章 祈使句
第10章 感叹句
第11章 疑问句
第12章 名词
第一章 名词性从句
词词组,
一． 主语从句
it
1. It
It itthat。whowhom
’ 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’ 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）是John打碎的窗
户。（强调句型）
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that ? 事实是?
It is an honor that ?非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that ?是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that?很自然?
It is strange that?奇怪的是?
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that? 似乎?
It happened that? 碰巧?
It appears that? 似乎?
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that? 据报道?
It has been proved that?已证实?
It is said that? 据说?
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said reported?结构中的主语从句不可提

前。例如：
正确表达：
错误表达：
（3）It happensoccurs
正确表达： 错误表达：
（4）It doesn’t matter howwhether
正确表达：It doesn’ 错误表达：’（5 正确表达：
错误表达：
4. what 与 what that 则
二．宾语从句
(及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that通常可以省略), 例如：
我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道
发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for
me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate
with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕
我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced,
determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry,
thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased,
hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真
正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句
子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.
我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有help, take, forgivethat引导的宾语从句。
如：
正确表达： 错误表达：

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
thatorder, 等。例如：
正确表达：
错误表达：
7.
等，例如：
I don’
三. 表语从句
放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语
从句”。be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that?
和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good
preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other
classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed
the early bus.
四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性
从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，
一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be
set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still
is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而
是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that
the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定 语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句
中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的th at是连
词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对
先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特
将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
高一英语名词性从句专项练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. whatever B. No matter what D. If

2. 3. 4.5. A. there C. where 6. A. where he has
gone
C. which place has he gone
7.
. which D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small
village the next morning.
A. that had to leaveB. that; should leave
C. must leave D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first
prize in the match.
A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whether D. It;
whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had
enough money for our research.
A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A. that B. what C. whyD. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three
days doesn’t matter.
A. That B. Whether C. IfD. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning

gray.
A. whileB. if C. that D. for
14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy
in the future remains to be seen.
A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village
surprises all of us.
A. What B. ThatC. WhetherD. If
16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How
17.____all the inventions have in common is
____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; thatC. what; that D. That
what
A. WhatB. ItC. All that 19. It is widely
______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believedB. think C. say
A. What B. That C. How
Keys:
1—5 ABABC 6— 11—15 BBCAB 16第二章 “It
难点，又是近几年高考的热点，it
一、It

:前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位
指代时间、天气、气
二、It
词置于句尾。
It1.
此处adj. easy, difficult, hard, necessary,
unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely,
right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal,
well- mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear,
obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful,
useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car
without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice,
rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless,
careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever,
wise, crazy.
例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It's no gooduse doing…
篇二：高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法解析大全
目录:
第一章 名词性从句
第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 第三章 高
中英语语法中的省略现象 第四章 主谓一致 第五章 动词
不定式 第六章 倒装结构 第七章 定语从句 第八章 被
动语态 第九章 祈使句 第十章 感叹句 第十一章 疑问句
第十二章 名词
第一章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun
Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合
句中能担任主语、宾语、 表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此
根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语
从 句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一． 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中 充当主语的从句，通常放在主句
谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式
主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句 子结构，主语从句的
连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分
进行强调，无论 强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强
调部分指人时也可用whowhom。例如：

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me
whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋
杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎
的窗户。（强调句型）
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从
句
It is a fact 事实是?
It is an honor that ?非常荣幸 It is common that ?
是常识 (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 It is natural 很
自然?
knowledge that
It is strange that?
奇怪的是?
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 It seems that似
乎? It 碰巧? It 似乎? It 据报道?
is happened appears
thatthat
?
?

?
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
reported
that
?
It has been proved that?已证实?It 据说?
is
said
that
?
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if 引
导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said reported?结构中的主语从句不可提
前。例如：
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit
our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang
will visit our school next week is said.
（3）It happensoccurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the
examination.
错误表达：That he failed in the examination

occurred to him.
（4）It doesn’t matter howwhether ?结构中的主
语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether ? he is wrong
or
not.
错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可
提前。例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain
that
in the evening?
?错误表达： Isthat will rain in the
evening likely?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导
主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表
语，而that 则不然。例如：
a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she
is still alive is a consolation
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放
在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例
如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道
发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this
note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： She told me
that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接
受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate
with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕
我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced,
determined, glad, proud, surprised,
worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed,
disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied,

content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状
语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真
正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句
子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married
next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force,
admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take,
forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不
可 以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.
错误表达：I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用
于“动词＋间 接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,
order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame,
denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：
He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达：
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe,

expect, fancy, guess, imagine等 ，其后的宾语从句若含
有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语
用肯定式。例 如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为
这件衣服不适合你穿。
三. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，
放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语
从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain,
seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还
有the reason is that? 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good
preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other
classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed
the early bus.
四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性
从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，
一般由that引导，例如：1) The king’s decision that the
prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still
is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而
是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that
the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的th at既代替先行词，同时以在从句
中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连
词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2)
定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是 修饰先行词，对先行词加
以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其
功能是对名 词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go
abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆
明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，
that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told
by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，

that 在句中不作任何成分）
高一英语名词性从句专项练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever
B. No matter what C. That D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer
how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had
come about
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel
come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. A. what B.
something C. anythingD. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more
middle school graduates will be admitted into
universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. thereB. in whichC. whereD. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he goneD. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’

s fear ____he would die of the disease.
. whichC. of whichD. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small
village the next morning.
A. that ;had to leaveB. that; should leave
C. must leave D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first
prize in the match.
A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whether D. It;
whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had
enough money for our research.
A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if 11. Is _____he said
really true?
A. that B. what C. whyD. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three
days doesn’t matter.
A. That B. Whether C. IfD. Where 13. It worried
her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. whileB. if C. that D. for 14. ???_____more
countries can use natural energy in the future remains
to be seen. A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If 15.____he

will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of
us.
A. What B. ThatC. WhetherD. If 16. ____you don’
t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How
17.____all the inventions have in common is
____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; thatC. what; that D. That
what
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very
much.
Keys:
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20
BCBAA
第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的
重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重
视，现将it用法归纳如下：
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,
that ；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知
的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指 代时间、

天气、气候、距离等自然现象??二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作
主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，
其句型为
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult,
hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible,
likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant,
A. WhatB. ItC. All that legal, illegal,
well-mannered, ill-mannered, D. That polite, impolite,
clear, obvious, certain, 19. It is widely ______that
smoking can cause
suitable,
proper,
fit,
useful,
useless,
cancer. dangerous…
A. believedB. think C. say 例 It is illegal
(for a teenager) to D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident is still a complete

mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice,
rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless,
careful, careless, silly,
篇三：高一英语语法定语从句归纳总结
高一英语定语从句的归纳
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副
词）。
﹙1﹚关系代词：thatwhowhomwhichas
﹙2﹚关系副词：whenwherewhy
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as
除外】
6.引导词的功能（作用）：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主

语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whomwhich）引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a
letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常
可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从 句之尾。例如：
The man (whowhomthat) I talked about at the
meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from
Beijing University.
The palace (whichthat) I often pay a visit to was
built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built
in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗
号隔开）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whomwhich）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front
of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on
which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词名词+of+whomwhich”或“of which
whom +名词代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none,
all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、
数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are
abroad.)
We have three books, none of which isare
interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them isare
interesting.)
除外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。
但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的
情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。 The engineer, whose leg
was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly
sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.在非限定 性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包
括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只< br>能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或
where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my
father.
The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English
teacher.
The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America, ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.

＝The house, of which the window faces south, is
mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
t指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作
定语从句的主语，不能省略。 Do you know the gentleman
whothat is sitting there?
othat指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行
词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whomwhothat) we met
just now?
② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时
介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。 The man (whomwhothat)
I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take
care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词
前。
She is the right girl (whowhomthat) we are
looking for.

: 指人或物，是所有格“?的”形式。Whose+n.
一起 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词
的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。I didn’t find the
desk whose leg was broken. （主语）
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.
（动宾）
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介
宾）
hat 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主
语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时
介词后的关系代词只能用which)。 The house whichthat
was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (whichthat) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (thatwhich) the young men competed in
were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were
difficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+w homwhich(先行词指人

用whom，指物用which)。
※指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表
语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the 时的引导限定性定
语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从
句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your
school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代
主句中的一部分或整个句子的 内容，which和as都可以指代
主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。指代前
面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，
谓语用单数． Our team lost the game, aswhich was
reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified, aswhich I could see from her
eyes.

He married her, aswhich was natural.
区别：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在
主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的 非限制性定语从
句只能放在主句后面。
He married her, aswhich was natural.
=As was natural, he married her.
Mark Twin is a great writer, whichas is known to
all.
=As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.
②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则
无此意。常用句型有：
as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody
can see, as is expected, As is known said reported
told we all know等。如：
As we all know, paper was first made in China.
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is
foolish.
③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
Our class has won the football match, which made
us very happy.
Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light.

④从句含否定意义时常用which.
She didn’t pass the exam, which we couldn’t expect.
She didn’t pass the exam, as we expected.
关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间 状语，
不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行
词一定是表时间的名 词）。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
＝I still remember the time on which I joined the
League.
＝I still remember the time (whichthat) I joined
the League on.
关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，
不能省略。此时的 when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行
词一定是表地点的名词）。
I still remember the school where I joined the
League.
＝I still remember the school in which I joined the
League.
＝I still remember the school (whichthat) I joined
the League in.
※注：对关系副词when, where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引

导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time (whichthat) I spent
in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引
导定语从句。
This is the factory (whichthat) he visited
yesterday.
③. 当句型为ItThisThat is(was) the
first(second?last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的
句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
ItThis is the first time that we travel.
ItThis is the last time that I shall give you a
lesson.
8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常
为 reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性
定语从句。Why= for which
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
The reason why(for which) he was late is that he
missed the bus.
※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason (that which) he gave explained
to us. 【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】

从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还
是关系副词的关键。试比较： I will never forget the day
(whichthat) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省
略 )
I will never forget the day whenon which Hongkong
returned to its motherland.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或
介词加关系代词 ）
The reason （thatwhich）he gave for not coming to
school yesterday isn’t believable. ( gave是及物动
词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday
isn’t believable.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或
介词加关系代词 ）
三. 值得注意的几个问题：
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
This is the first book (that) I borrow from the
library.
※He is the first student thatwho came to school

today.
2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
He talked about the teachers and the school (that)
he had visited.
3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)
All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
Go over all that (what) we learned.
=Go over all (what) we learned.（that在定语从句
中充当宾语可以省略）
4.先行词为something, anything, nothing,
everything, thing时，用that.
I’ll tell you anything (that) I know.
5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few,
every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only,
the last, the next等修饰语时。
This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting
in.
※ This is one of the books in which I’m very
interesting.
This is the only book (that) I read.
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing

the piano.
All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto
the floor.
6.（人，物），当先行词在以who或which开 头的特殊
疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆． Who is the man that
is talking with the lady?
Which of you that know the answer can come to the
front?
7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that．
He likes the girl that she used to be.
第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(thatwhich)只用
which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时．
The room in which he lives is very large.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用which, 都不
能省略）．
Football, which is a very interesting game, is
played all over the world.
The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.
指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性
定语从句．
He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.

第三. 其他特殊情况．
1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who.
Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he, she?)时，关系代词只用who.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true
man.
3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one,
somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用
who.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定
语从句中作主语时，定语从句 中的谓语用单数形式（因为此
时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数）．
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing
the piano.
This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主
语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因 为此时的先行词是
of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one）．
This is one of the students who are late.
5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the
one只能代替可数名词单数．如为不

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