08级语言学期中考试卷
成都三本院校-母爱无言
Part One: 40’
A. True False
questions: (10’)
Read the statements carefully
and decide whether each of them is true (T) or
false
(F) in terms of linguistics.
T【 1
】The study of the ways in which morphemes can be
combined to form words
is called morphology.
T【 2 】Phonetics is different from phonology in
that the latter studies the
combinations of
the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
F【 3 】According to the shape of the lips,
vowels can be classified into close vowels,
semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open
vowels.
F【 4 】Modern linguistics regards the
written language as primary, not the spoken
language.
F【 5 】English consonants can be
classified in terms of place of articulation and
the
part of the tongue that is raised the
highest.
T【 6 】Vowel sounds can be
differentiated by a number of factors: the
position of
tongue in the mouth, the openness
of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the
length of the vowels.
F【 7 】A phone is
a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
F【
8 】Words are the smallest meaningful units of
language.
F【 9 】Prefixes usually modify the
part of speech of the original word, not the
meaning of it.
T【 10 】Phonetically, the
stress of a compound always falls on the first
element, while
the second element receives
secondary stress.
B. Complete each of the
statements with the most likely answer: (30’)
【 1 】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal
symbols used for human
__________.
A.
communication B. contact C. relation
D. community
【 2 】Which of the following
words is entirely arbitrary?
A. tree
B. typewriter C. crash D. bang
【 3 】 What is the most important function
of language?
A. Interpersonal 人际的 B. Phatic
交流感情的 C. Informative 教育性 D.
Metalingual
试卷 第 1 页 共 5 页
【 4 】Who put
forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday
D. Anonymous
【 5 】 According to Chomsky,
which is the ideal user's internalized
内在化
knowledge of his language?
A.
competence B. parole C. performance D.
langue
【 6 】The function of the sentence
“A nice day, isn’t it?” is__________ .
A.
informative 教育性的 B. phatic C. directive
指示的 D.
performative行为语
【 7 】Which
of the following statements about language is NOT
true?
A. Language is a system B.
Animals also have language
C. Language is
symbolic D. Language is arbitrary
【 8 】The distinction between vowels and
consonants lies in__________ .
A. the
obstruction of airstream B. the place of
articulation
C. the position of the tongue
D. the shape of the lips
【 9 】 Which is
the branch of linguistics which studies the
characteristics of
speech sounds and provides
methods for their description, classification and
transcription?
A. Phonology B.
Phonetics C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
【 10 】Which studies the sound systems in a
certain language?
A. Phonetics B. Phonology
C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
【 11 】The
function of the sentence “Water boils at 100
degrees Centigrade.” is
________.
A.
interrogative疑问句 B. directive C. informative
D. performative
【 12 】 Usually,
suprasegmental features include__________, length
and pitch.音
高
A. phoneme B. speech
sounds C. syllables D. stress
【 13
】Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (
).斜杠语法
A. allophone B. phone C.
phoneme D. morpheme
试卷 第 2 页 共 5 页
【 14 】An aspirated送气 p, an unaspirated
不送气p and an unreleased不吐放
的 p are ________ of
the p phoneme.
A. analogues B. tagmemes
C. morphemes D. allophones
【 15 】Which
studies the internal structure of words, and the
rules by which words
are formed?
A.
Morphology B. Syntax C. Phonology D.
Semantics
【 16 】 Which one is different
from the others according to places of
articulation
发音部位?
A. [m] B. [n]
C. [ b ] D. [p]
【 17 】 All words
contain a __________
A. root morpheme B.
bound morpheme C. prefix D. suffix
【 18 】 In English –ise and –tion are called
__________.
A. suffixes B. prefixes
C. infixes D. stems
【 19 】 “-s”
in the word “books” is _______.
A. a
derivative 派生affix B. a stem C. an
inflectional affix D. a
root
【 20 】 The meaning carried by the inflectional
morpheme is _______.
A. lexical
B. morphemic C. grammatical
D. semantic
【 21 】 The prefixes contained
in the following words are called ______:
pseudo-friend
假朋友
,
malpractice
玩忽职守
, mistrust.
A.
reversative prefixed B. negative
prefixes
C. locative prefixes
D. pejorative轻蔑语 prefixes
【 22 】The
prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and
disallow
驳回
are
_________.
A.
reversative prefixed B.
negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
【 23 】The prefixes
in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are
________.
A. number prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. pejorative
prefixes D. locative prefixes
试卷 第 3 页 共 5 页
【 24 】 Omega,
Xerox and Danone are words from _________.
A.
names of books B. names of places C. names of
people D. trade names
【 25 】 Ex-student,
foretell and post-election contain________.
A.
negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree
or size
C. locative prefixes D.
prefixes of time and order
【 26 】 The
prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-
European are
________.
A. negative
prefixes B. miscellaneous多种多样的
prefixes
C. prefixes of time and order
D. prefixes of degree or size
【 27 】A
historical study of language is a ____ study of
language.
A. synchronic B.
diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
【 28 】 In Chinese when
someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the
people
present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a
means of controlling the forces
which they
believes feel might affect their lives. Which
functions does it perform?
A. Performative
B. Emotive C. Interpersonal D.
Recreational
【 29 】 __________ refers to
the actual realization of the ideal language
user’s
knowledge of the rules of his language
in utterances.
A. Performance B. Competence
C. Langue D. Parole
【 30 】The
prefixes in the words of irresistible,
nonclassical and apolitical are
called
_______.
A. reversative prefixes
B. negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
得分
Part Two: 20’
试卷 第 4 页 共 5 页
评卷人
Linguistic Analysis（20%）:
Comment
on the following linguistic phenomena briefly.
【 1 】a: Don't say X.
b: People don't say
X.
【 2 】 bkli; I apple eat.
【 3 】“A rose
by any other name would smell as
sweet”----Shakespeare
【 4 】 pin-bin, bin-tin,
tie-die, choke-joke, pill-bill, bill-till, till-
kill.
【 5 】 “k b i l”
a: blik,
klib, bilk, kilb
b: lbki, ilbk, bkil, ilkb
【 6 】a: sign, design, paradigm
b:
signature, designation, paradigmatic
【 7 】p=[
p
h
] + [ p. ] + [ p¬ ] (unreleased)
l
= [ l ] + [ ł ]
e = [e]
【 8 】Write down
all the morphemes in the word--
antidisestablishmentarianism
【 9 】 ion-tion-
sion-ation
【 10 】bird's eye----fish-eye,
worm's-eye, cat's-eye
得分 评卷人
Part Three: 40’
Questions
Answer
the following questions as comprehensively as
possible. Give examples for
illustration if
necessary.
【 1 】 Why do you think speech is
more basic than writing? (8’)
【 2 】 Why do
people take duality as one of the important design
features of
human language? Can you tell us
what language will be if it has no such design
feature? (8’)
【 3 】 Why is it difficult
to define language? (8’)
【 4 】 What are the
differences between voiced sounds and voiceless
sounds in
terms of articulation? (8’)
【 5
】 After World War II, neologisms sweep in at a
rate much faster than any
other historical
period. What are the main reasons for the frequent
appearance of
neologisms? (8’)
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