第3单元辅导
北方交通大学-爱莲说原文
第3单元辅导
教学目标:
通过本单元的学习,我们要重点掌握如何
用英语来介绍他人、表达提议和描述建筑物
以及办公环境。因此,在本单元中我们要重点学习并掌握以下
几点:
Language Focus
1.介绍他人
为他人做介绍时,常用的表达方法是“This is(后接名字), my
(后接与讲话人的关系,比如朋
友、姐妹等)”。在Extract
1的对话中我们听到David是这样做介绍的:
1.Xiaoyan, this is
Polly, my girlfriend.
2.Polly, this is
Xiaoyan, my colleague from Shanghai.
2.提议与应答(1)
在第2单元中, 我们学过,可以用Would you
like + sth? 或Would you like to do sth?
这两种
疑问句式表达“提议”,比如在Activity 2 听力练习中有这样的句子:
Would you like a drink? some crisps?
Would
you like to come to the shop one day?
对“提议”的应答通常为:
肯定应答
否定应答
Yes, I would, thanks. No, I
wouldn’t, thanks.
“提议”还可以用以what
开头的疑问句表达,例如在Extract 2中我们听到过这样的句子:
提议
应答
What would you like to drink?
I’d like a gin and tonic, please.
What
would you like, Polly? I’d like a glass
of wine, thank you.
I’d like some crisps.
3.表达提议(2)
主动提出自己做某事,常用的句式为I'll (I will) +原形动词,例如:
I'll
buy the drinks.
4.序数词
多数序数词由基数词加-
th构成, 例如:
six
sixth
1
eleven
eleventh
eighteen
eighteenth
twenty-two
thirty-five
fifty-nine
fifty
twenty-second
thirty-fifth
fifty-ninth
fiftieth
hundred
hundredth
以下词例外:
first (第一),
second(第二), third(第三);
fifth (第五,先将基数词中的-
ve改成-f,再加-th);
eighth (基数词后加–h);
ninth (去掉基数词中的-e);
twelfth (先将基数词中的-
ve改成-f,再加–th);
twentieth, thirtieth,
fortieth… (第二十,三十,四十„„由基数词中的-y改成-ie再加-th )。
序数词有简写形式,例如:
first
1
st
second
2
nd
third 3
rd
fourth
4
th
5.
不定冠词aan和定冠词the的区别
不定冠词aan与可数名词的单数搭配,相当于汉语中的“一”,
指某一类人或事物中的非特
指的“任何一个”。定冠词 the与可数名词的单数、可数名词的复数和不
可数名词搭配,指独
一无二的事物或已被提到的人或物。例如:
I am an
accountant. (我是一名会计。意指会计中的一员。)
I am
the Chief Accountant for ABHK Bank.
( 我是ABHK
银行主任会计师。意指该银行中唯一的一名。)
These are the
books I like. (这些是我喜欢的书。特指某些书。)
She is
a receptionist. (她是一名接待员。意指公司里有好几名,她是其中之一。)
She is the receptionist. (她是接待员。意指公司里仅她一名接待员。)
同样,大楼中只有一个“一层”、一个“二层”,因此,表达楼层时要用定冠词:
the
ground floor,
the first floor, the second
floor。注意:the ground floor只用于英式英语,表示一楼,而the first
floor
却翻译成二楼,以此类推。在美式英语中一楼是the first
floor,二楼是the second floor,以此类
推。
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6.
指示代词 this, these, that,
those
指示代词有单数和复数两种形式:
Singular
(单数形式) Plural(复数形式)
this (这个)
these (这些)
that (那个)
those (那些)
通常this (these)
指离说话人较近的物品,that (those)
指离说话人较远的物品。指示代词既可
以单独使用,也可以与名词连用。例如:
Xiaoyan, this is Polly, my girlfriend.
These people are my friends.
That is Frank
near the door.
Those people in the car are
his brothers and sisters.
指示代词可以用于表达对比的意义。(说话时伴随用手指点的动作。)
This is my
coffee and that’s yours.
These are my
books. Those are yours.
These people are my
friends. Those are my husband’s friends.
7.there isthere are 句型的使用
表示“在某处(如在房间里)有存在„„”可以用there isthere
are…结构。如果名词为复数,
动词用are,名词为单数,动词用is,例如:
There is a man in the office.
There are two
plants in the house.
疑问句要将is are置于句首
(Is there… ? Are there …?), 例如:
Is there a
fax in the office?
Are there any plants in
the reception?
对一般疑问句的回答通常用简略形式,例如:
疑问句 回答
Is there a coffee machine in the office? Yes,
there is.
Is there a TV in the office?
No, there isn’t. (There is not.)
Are there
desks in the reception? Yes, there are.
Are there fax machines in the reception?
No, there aren’t. (There are not.)
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Cultural Note
酒吧里的饮酒文化
在英国酒吧里喝酒的时候,通常先由一个人为结伴同去的其他人买一杯酒,这叫buying
a round
(请每人喝一杯
),
然后同去的人轮流买酒请客
。
点
酒时得需要自己去吧台,付款后才会有人把酒
送到餐桌上。
在酒吧里也能喝咖啡或其它软饮料。
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