北师大九年级_上册数学pdf
沈阳会计-妈妈照顾我
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
explaining why it is unwise to
jump to
conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You
can give examples to
illustrate your point.
You should write at least 150 words but no more
than 200 words.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension
(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In
this section, you will hear 8 short conversations
and 2 long conversations. At the end
of each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the
conversation and
the questions will be spoken only once. After each
question there will be
a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked A),
B), C) and D), and
decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the
centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A. They might be stolen goods.
B. They
might be fake products.
C. They might be faulty products.
D. They
might be smuggled goods.
2. A. They are civil
servants.
B.
They are job applicants.
C. They are news
reporters.
D. They are public speakers.
3. A. The man has decided to quit his computer
class.
B. The woman wants to get a degree in
administration.
C. A computer degree is a
must for administrative work.
D. The man
went to change the time of his computer class.
4. A. A lot of contestants participated in the
show.
B. The fifth contestant won the
biggest prize.
C. It was not as exciting as
he had expected.
D. It was sponsored by a
car manufacturer.
5. A. Reading a newspaper
column.
B. Looking
at a railway timetable.
C. Driving from New
York to Boston.
D. Waiting for someone at
the airport.
6. A. He wears a coat bought in
the mall.
B. He got a new job
at the barbershop.
C. He had a finger hurt
last night.
D. He had his hair cut yesterday.
7. A. He cannot appreciate the Picasso
exhibition.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
B. Even
his nephew can draw as well as Picasso.
C.
He is not quite impressed with modern paintings.
D. Some drawings by kindergarten kids are
excellent.
8. A. He should not put the cart
before the horse.
B. His conduct does not
square with his words.
C. His attitude to
student government has changed.
D. He has
long been involved in student government.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
9. A. She
left her own car in Manchester.
B. Something
went wrong with her car.
C. She wants to go
traveling on the weekend.
D. Her car won’t
be back in a week’s time.
10. A. Safety.
B. Comfort.
C. Size.
D. Cost.
11.
A. Third-party insurance.
B. Value-added tax.
C. Petrol.
D. CDW.
Questions 12
to 15 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
12. A. How to update the basic
facilities.
B. What to do to enhance their
position.
C. Where to locate their plant.
D. How to attract investments.
13. A.
Their road link to other European countries is
fast.
B. They are all located in the south
of France.
C. They are very close to each
other.
D. Their basic facilities are good.
14. A. Try to avoid making a hasty decision.
B. Take advantage of the train links.
C.
Talk with the local authorities.
D. Conduct
field surveys first.
15. A. Future product
distribution.
B. Local employment policies.
C. Road and rail links for small towns.
D.
Skilled workforce in the hilly region.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you
will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear
some questions. Both
the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you
hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C),
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to
18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. One fifth of them were on bad terms
with their sisters and brothers.
B. About
one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter
feelings.
C. More than half of them were
involved in inheritance disputes.
D. Most
of them had broken with their sisters and
brothers.
17. A. Less concern with money
matters.
B. More experience in worldly
affairs.
C. Advance in age.
D. Freedom
from work.
18. A. They have little time left
to renew contact with their brothers and sisters.
B. They tend to forget past unhappy
memories and focus on their present needs.
C. They are more tolerant of one another.
D. They find close relatives more reliable.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based
on the passage you have just heard.
19. A.
They have bright colors and intricate patterns.
B. They can only survive in parts of the
Americas.
C. They are the only insect that
migrates along fixed routes.
D. They have
strong wings capable of flying long distances.
20. A. In a Michigan mountain forest.
B. In a Louisiana mountain forest.
C. In a
Kentucky mountain forest.
D. In a Mexican
mountain forest.
21. A. Each flock of
butterflies lays eggs in the same states.
B. They start to lay eggs when they are nine
months old.
C. Each generation in a cycle
lays eggs at a different place.
D. Only the
strongest can reach their destination to lay eggs.
22. A. Evolution of monarch butterflies.
B. Living habits of monarch butterflies.
C.
Migration patterns of monarch butterflies.
D. Environmental impacts on monarch butterfly
life.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to
25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A. Time has become more limited.
B. Time has become more precious.
C. Time is money.
D. Time is relative.
24. A. Americans now attach more importance to
the effective use of time.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
B. Americans today
have more free time than earlier generations.
C. The number of hours Americans work has
increased steadily.
D. More and more
Americans feel pressed for time nowadays.
25.
A. Our interpersonal relationships improve.
B. Our work efficiency increases greatly.
C. Our living habits are altered.
D. Our
behavior is changed.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a
passage three times. When the passage is read for
the first
time, you should listen carefully
for its general idea. When the passage is read for
the
second time, you are required to fill in
the blanks with the exact words you have just
heard. Finally, when the passage is read for
the third time, you should check what you
have
written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
The first
copyright law in the United States was passed by
Congress in 1790. In 1976 Congress
enacted the
latest copyright law, 26 the technological
developments that had occurred since the
passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For
example, in 1909, anyone who wanted to make a
single
copy of a 27 work for personal use
had to do so by hand. The very process 28 a
limitation on
the quantity of materials
copied. Today, a photocopier can do the work in
seconds; the limitation has
disappeared. The
1909 law did not provide full protection for films
and sound recordings, nor did it
29 the need
to protect radio and television. As a result, 30
of the law and abuses of the intent of
the law
have lessened the 31 rewards of authors,
artists, and producers. The 1976 Copyright Act
has not prevented these abuses fully, but it
has clarified the legal rights of the injured
parties and
given them an 32 for remedy.
Since 1976 the Act has been 33 to include
computer software,
and guidelines have been
adopted for fair use of television broadcasts.
These changes have cleared
up much of the
confusion and conflict that followed 34 the 1976
legislation.
The fine points of the law
are decided by the courts and by acceptable common
practice over
time. As these decisions and
agreements are made, we modify our behavior
accordingly. For now, we
need to 35 the law
and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to
act in a fair manner.
Part III
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section,
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to select one word for
each blank
from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read the
passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is
identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item
on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through
the centre. You may not use any of the words in
the bank more
than once.
Questions 36 to
45 are based on the following passage.
For
investors who desire low risk and guaranteed
income, US government bonds are a secure
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
investment because
these bonds have the financial backing and full
faith and credit of the federal
government.
Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local
governments and often have 36
such as tax-
free interest. Some may even be 37 . Corporate
bonds are a bit more risky.
Two questions
often 38 first-time corporate bond investors.
The first is “If I purchase a
corporate bond,
do I have to hold it until the maturity date?” The
answer is no. Bonds are bought and
sold daily
on 39 securities exchanges. However, if you
decide to sell your bond before its
maturity
date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value
of the bond. For example, if your bond
does
not have 40 that make it attractive to other
investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at
a 41 , i.e., a price less than the bond’s
face value. But if your bond is highly valued by
other
investors, you may be able to sell it at
a premium, i.e., a price above its face value.
Bond prices
generally 42 inversely (相反地)
with current market interest rates. As interest
rates go up, bond
prices fall, and vice versa
(反之亦然). Thus, like all investments, bonds have a
degree of risk.
The second question is
“How can I 43 the investment risk of a
particular bond issue?”
Standard & Poor’s and
Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk
of many corporate and
government bonds. And
44 , the higher the market risk of a bond, the
higher the interest rate.
Investors will
invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45
return is high enough.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A）advantages F）discount K）insured
B）assess G）embarrass L）major
C）bother H）features M）naturally
D）conserved I）fluctuate N）potential
E）deduction J）indefinite
O）simultaneously
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to
read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each
statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You
may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the
corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2.
Lessons From a Feminist
Paradise
A) On the surface, Sweden appears to
be a feminist paradise. Look at any global survey
of gender
equality and Sweden will be near the
top. Family-friendly policies are its norm--with
16 months
of paid parent all eave, special
protections for part-time workers, and state-
subsidized preschools
where, according to a
government website, “gender-awareness education is
increasingly
common.” Due to an unofficial
quota system, women hold 45 percent of positions
in the Swedish
parliament. They have enjoyed
the protection of government agencies with titles
like the Ministry
of Integration and Gender
Equality and the Secretariat of Gender Research.
So why are American
women so far ahead of
their Swedish counterpart sin breaking through the
glass ceiling?
B) In a 2012 report, the
World Economic Forum found that when it comes to
closing the gender gap
in “economic
participation and opportunity,” the United States
is ahead of not only Sweden but
also Finland,
Denmark, the Netherlands, Iceland, Germany, and
the United Kingdom. Sweden’s
rank in there
port can largely be explained by its political
quota system. Though the United States
has
fewer women in the workforce (68 percent compared
to Sweden’s 77 percent), American
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
women who choose to
be employed are far more likely to work full-time
and to hold high-level
jobs as managers or
professionals. They also own more businesses,
launch more start-ups (新创
办的企业), and more often
work in traditionally male fields. As for breaking
through the glass
ceiling in business,
American women are well in the lead.
C)
What explains the American advantage? How can it
be that societies like Sweden, where gender
equality is vigorously pursued and enforced,
have fewer female managers, executives,
professionals, and business owners than the
laissez-faire (自由放任的) United States? A new
study by Cornell economists Francine Blau and
Lawrence Kahn gives an explanation.
D)
Generous parental leave policies and readily
available part-time options have unintended
consequences: instead of strengthening women’s
attachment to the workplace, they appear to
weaken it. In addition to a 16-month leave, a
Swedish parent has the right to work six hours a
day
(for a reduced salary) until his or her
child is eight years old. Mothers are far more
likely than
fathers to take advantage of this
law. But extended leaves and part-time employment
are known
to be harmful to careers--for both
genders. And with women a second factor comes into
play:
most seem to enjoy the flexible-time
arrangement (once known as the “mommy track”) and
never
find their way back to full-time or
high-level employment. In sum: generous family-
friendly
policies do keep more women in the
labor market, but they also tend to diminish their
careers.
E) According to Blau and Kahn,
Swedish-style paternal (父亲的) leave policies and
flexible-time
arrangements pose a second
threat to women’s progress: they make employers
cautious about
hiring women for full-time
positions at all. Offering a job to a man is the
safer bet. He is far less
likely to take a
year of parental leave and then return on a
reduced work schedule for the next
eight
years.
F) I became aware of the trials of
career-focused European women a few years ago when
I met a
post-doctoral student from Germany who
was then a visiting fellow at Johns Hopkins. She
was
astonished by the professional
possibilities afforded to young American women.
Her best hope in
Germany was a government job-
prospects for women in the private sector were
dim. “In
Germany,” she told me, “we have all
the benefits, but employers don’t want to hire
us.”
G) Swedish economists Magnus
Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula addressed the
following question in
their2009 study: why are
there so few female top executives in the European
egalitarian (平等主
义的) welfare states? Their
answer: “Broad-based welfare-state policies hinder
women’s
representation in elite competitive
positions.”
H) It is tempting to declare
the Swedish policies regressive (退步的) and hail the
American system
as superior. But that would be
shortsighted. The Swedes can certainly take a
lesson from the
United States and look for
ways to clear a path for their ambitious female
careerists. But most
women are not committed
careerists. When the Pew Research Center recently
asked American
parents to identify their
“ideal” life arrangement, 47 percent of mothers
said they would prefer to
work part-time and
20 percent said they would prefer not to work at
all. Fathers answered
differently: 75 percent
preferred full-timework. Some version of the
Swedish system might work
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
well for a majority of American parents, but
the United States is unlikely to fully embrace the
Swedish model. Still, we can learn from their
experience.
I) Despite its failure to
shatter the glass ceiling, Sweden has one of the
most powerful and innovative
economies in the
world. In its 2011-2012 survey, the World Economic
Forum ranked Sweden as
the world’s third most
competitive economy; the United States came in
fifth. Sweden, dubbed the
“rocks tar of the
recovery” in the Washington Post, also leads the
world in life satisfaction and
happiness. It
is a society well worth studying, and its efforts
to conquer the gender gap impart a
vital
lesson--though not the lesson the Swedes had in
mind.
J) Sweden has gone farther than any
other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and
to offer women
the same opportunities and
freedoms as men. For decades, these descendants of
the Vikings have
been trying to show the world
that the right mix of enlightened policy,
consciousness raising, and
non-sexist child
rearing would close the gender divide once and for
all. Yet the divide persists.
K) A 2012
press release from Statistics Sweden bears the
title “Gender Equality in Sweden Treading
(踩)
Water” and notes:
The total income from
employment for all ages is lower for women than
for men.
One in three employed women and
one in ten employed men work part-time.
Women’s working time is influenced by the number
and age of their children, but men’s
working
time is not affected by these factors.
Of
all employees, only 13 percent of the women and 12
percent of the men have
occupations with an
even distribution of the sexes.
L)
Confronted with such facts, some Swedish activists
and legislators are demanding more extreme
and
far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and
female pronouns with a neutral alternative
and
monitoring children more closely to correct them
when they gravitate (被吸引) toward
gendered
play. When it came to light last year that
mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay
home from work to care for their sick kids,
Ulf Kristersson, minister of social security,
quickly
commissioned a study to determine the
causes of and possible cures for this disturbing
state of
affairs.
M) Swedish family
policies, by accommodating women’s preferences
effectively, are reducing the
number of women
in elite competitive positions. The Swedes will
find this paradoxical and try to
find
solutions. Letus hope these do not include banning
gender pronouns, policing children’s play,
implementing more gender quotas, or treating
women’s special attachment to home and family as
a social injustice. Most mothers do not aspire
to (向往) elite, competitive full-time positions:
the
Swedish policies have given them the
freedom and opportunity to live the lives they
prefer.
Americans should look past the gender
rhetoric and consider what these Scandinavians
have
achieved. On their way to creating a
feminist paradise, the Swedes have unintentionally
created a
haven (避风港) for normal mortals.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46.
Sweden has done more than other nations to close
the gender gap, but it continues to exist.
47.
Sweden is one of the most competitive economies in
the world and its people enjoy the greatest
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
life satisfaction.
48. More American women hold elite job
positions in business than Swedish women.
49.
Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a
negative influence on women’s careers.50. The
quota system in Sweden ensures women’s better
representation in government.
51. Though the
Swedish model appears workable for most American
parents, it may not be accepted
by them in its
entirety.
52. Swedish women are allowed the
freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of
life.
53. Swedish employers are hesitant about
hiring women for full-time positions because of
the
family-friendly policies.
54. Gender-
awareness education is becoming more and more
popular in state-subsidized preschools
in
Sweden.
55. Some lawmakers in Sweden propose
that gender less pronouns be used in the Swedish
language.
Section C
Directions: There
are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is
followed by some questions or
unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D).
You should
decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage
One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the
following passage.
Texting has long been
bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word,
“penmanship for
illiterates,” as one critic
called it. To which the proper response is LOL.
Texting properly isn’t
writing at all. It’s a
“spoken” language that is getting richer and more
complex by the year.
First, some
historical perspective. Writing was only invented
5500 years ago, whereas language
probably
traces back at least 80000 years. Thus talking
came first; writing is just a craft that came
along later. As such, the first writing was
based on the way people talk, with short
sentences.
However, while talking is largely
subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and
slow. Over time,
writers took advantage of
this and started crafting long-winded sentences
such as this one: “The
whole engagement lasted
above12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the
Persians was changed into a
disorderly flight,
of which the shameful example was given by the
principal leaders and...”
No one talks
like that casually—or should. But it is natural to
desire to do so for special
occasions. In the
old days, we didn’t much write like talking
because there was no mechanism to
reproduce
the speed of conversation. But texting and instant
messaging do—and a revolution has
begun. It
involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in
its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity,
texting is actually a new kind of talking,
with its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Take LOL. It doesn’t actually mean “laughing out
loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has
evolved into something much subtler and
sophisticated and is used even when nothing is
remotely
amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have
you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the
library
studying for two hours.” LOL signals
basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension
and
creating a sense of equality. Instead of
having a literal meaning, it does
something—conveying an
attitude—just like the
-ed ending conveys past tense rather than
“meaning” anything. LOL, of all
things, is
grammar.
Of course no one thinks about
that consciously. But then most of communication
operates
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
without
being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or
an expression drifts—meat used to mean
any
kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or
not, blessed.
Civilization, then, is
fine—people banging away on their smart phones are
fluently using a code
separate from the one
they use in actual writing, and there is no
evidence that texting is ruining
composition
skills. Worldwide people speak differently from
the way they write, and texting—quick,
casual
and only intended to be read once is actually a
way of talking with your fingers.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What do critics say
about texting?
A. It is mainly confined to
youngsters.
B. It competes with
traditional writing.
C. It will ruin the
written language.
D. It is often
hard to understand.
57. In what way does the
author say writing is different from talking?
A. It is crafted with specific skills.
B. It expresses ideas more accurately.
C.
It does not have as long a history.
D. It is not as easy to comprehend.
58.
Why is LOL much used in texting?
A. It brings
texters closer to each other. .
B.
It shows the texter’s sophistication.
C. It is
a trendy way to communicate
D. It
adds to the humor of the text.
59. Examples
like meat and silly are cited to show ______.
A. the difference between writing and talking
B. how differently words are used in texting
C. why people use the words the way they do
D. the gradual change of word meaning
60.
What does the author think of texting?
A. It
facilitates exchange of ideas among people.
B.
It is a new form of verbal communication.
C.
It deteriorates people’s composition skills.
D. It hastens the decline of the written word.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are
based on the following passage.
It’s
possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish
Harvard hadn’t awarded her an honorary
doctor
of law degree and the commencement (毕业典礼) speaker
spot at yesterday’s graduation.
There’s no
question Oprah’s achievements place her in the
temple of American success stories.
Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-
academic leaders in the arts, business, and
politics.
Harvard’s list in recent years has
included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and
David Souter.
But Oprah’s particular brand of
celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a
university whose motto
(座右铭), Veritas, means
truth. Oprah’s passionate advocacy extends,
unfortunately, to a hearty
embrace of fake
science. Most notoriously, Oprah’s validation of
Jenny Me Carthy’s claim that
vaccines cause
autism (自闭症) has no doubt contributed to much harm
through the foolish
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
avoidance of vaccines.
Famous people
are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of
us, and the choice of
commencement speakers
often reflects a balance of institutional
priorities and aspirations. Judging
from our
conversations with many students, Oprah was a
widely popular choice.
But this vote of
confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at
precisely the time when
American universities
need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As
former Dean of Harvard
College, Harry Lewis,
noted in a blog post about his objections, “It
seems very odd for Harvard to
honor such a
high profile popularizer of the irrational.., at a
time when political and religious
nonsense so
jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly
enlightened democracy and around the
world.”
As America’s oldest and most visible
university, Harvard has a special opportunity to
convey its
respect for science not only
through its research and teaching programs but
also in its public
affirmation of evidence-
based inquiry.
Unfortunately, many
American universities seem awfully busy protecting
their brand name and
not nearly busy enough
protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent
article in The Harvard Crimson
noted the
shocking growth of Harvard’s public relations arm
in the last five years and it questioned
whether a focus on risk management and
avoiding controversy was really the best outward-
looking
face of this great institution.
As American research universities begin to
resemble profit centers and entertainment
complexes,
it’s easy to lose sight of their
primary mission, to produce and spread knowledge.
This mission
depends on traditions of rational
discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific
method. Oprah
Winfrey’s honorary doctorate was
a step in the wrong direction.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61.
What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the
passage?
A. She was a distinguished graduate
of Harvard School of Law.
B. She worked
her way to success in the entertainment industry.
C. She used to abuse her children when she was
a young mother.
D. She achieved her fame
through persistent advocacy of fake science.
62. Why does the author deem it inappropriate
for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah
Winfrey?
A. She did not specialize in the
study of law.
B. She was known as s supporter
of fake science.
C. She was an icon of
the entertainment industry.
D. She had
not distinguished herself academically.
63.
How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard’s decision in
his blog post?
A. He was strongly against it.
B. He considered it unpopular.
C. He
thought it would help enhance Harvard’s
reputation.
D. He thought it represented the
will of the Harvard community.
64. What is the
author’s regret about many American universities?
A. They show inadequate respect for evidence-
based inquiry.
B. They fall short of
expectations in teaching and research.
C.
They attach too much importance to public
relations.
D. They are tolerant of political
and religious nonsense.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
65. What does the author think a prestigious
university like Harvard should focus on?
A.
Cultivation of student creativity.
B. Defense of the scientific method.
C.
Liberation of the human mind.
D. Pursuit of knowledge and truth.
Part IV Translation
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese into
English. You should write your
answer on Answer Sheet 2.
北京计划未来三年投资7 600亿
元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划
旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万
辆机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自
北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有8
50亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)
处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年
的植树造林(forestation)。
市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，
并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将
更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。