研究生英语课件
贵州公务员考试简章-青年文明号事迹材料
The Hidden Side of Happiness
1. 激流漂流：an recreational activity using an
inflatable (可充气的） raft to navigate a
river or
other bodies of water.
hurricane: a
storm that has very strong fast winds and that
moves over water 飓风
e.g. In America,
Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a
stable, wealthy and vibrant city
into a
wasteland in a few days.
typhoon 台风
monsoon 季风 与季风相伴的雨季
trade wind 信风
vicious:
violent and cruel in a way
that hurts someone physically
e.g. a
vicious murderkillercycle
•
A tiger
wearing a monk's beadsa vicious person pretending
to be benevolent 老虎戴素珠
——假充善人
very
unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone's
feelings or make their character seem bad,
e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone
in his voice.
similar words: malicious,
evil, violent, savage, cruel,
ferocious,
fierce
Their refrain might go sth.
like this:
refrain: n. a remark or idea that
is often repeated 重复
e.g.
（1）Their
proposal met with constant refrain that it was
impractical.
（2）I made a terrific effort to
refrain from tears.
refrain: v. to hold
oneself back; forbear
e.g. refrain your tongue
from backbiting. 不要在背后中伤人家
2
tribulation: a serious trouble or a serious
problem
苦难，困苦，考验
•
•
Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation.
(John Kennedy, American president)
从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧。(美国总统肯尼迪)
Even at this
point in our awful tribulation under the German
scourge we were quite
friendly.
此刻，即便是处在德军蹂躏的极端痛苦中，我们仍然是十分友好的。
1
tribulation: a serious trouble or a
serious problem
同义词：trial, visitation
•
•
•
The famine was a
visitation of God for their sins.
那次灾荒算是上帝对他们罪孽的惩罚。
…this visitation is but to
whet thy almost blunted purpose
我现在是来磨砺你的快要蹉跎下去的决心
Oh, if it had been His
will to take the grey head to rest before this
awful visitation on my
house and name!
啊！要是在那个恶运降临我的门楣之前，上帝就让我这白发苍苍的老人
与世长辞，那该多好！
perhaps because they testify to a
bona fide type of psychological truth…
bona fide: adj. made or carried out in good
faith; sincere
e.g. There are few bona fide
readers but many dippers. 真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。
e.g. a bona fide Rembrandt（伦勃朗）
bona
fide: adj. authentic; genuine
built-in: adj. existing as an essential
constituent or
characteristic是…的组成部分的；嵌
入式的；内置的; 内在的
同义词：
[a.] constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral
There seems to be a built-in human
capacity to flourish under the most difficult
circumstances.
flourish: develop well and
be successful
e.g. The economy is booming and
small businesses are flourishing.
thrive
e.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love
and attention.
See：develop, bloom, grow,
prosper
Positive responses to
profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited
to the toughest or the
bravest.
A.
Positive responses only happen to the toughest and
the bravest people.
B. Anyone could obtain
positive outcomes from difficult experiences.
C. Only the toughest and the bravest people
will undergo disturbing circumstances.
D. The
toughest and the bravest people are more likely to
encounter profoundly disturbing
experiences.
2
adversity: a
situation in which you have a lot of problems that
seem to be caused by bad luck
n.
逆境；厄运；窘境；灾祸；灾难；不幸的事
Prosperity is not
without many fears and distastes; and adversity is
not with out
comforts and hopes. -- Bacon
幸运中并非不搀杂各种担心与烦恼，而厄运中也并非不存在欣慰与期望。－－培根
Learning is an ornament in prosperity, a
refuge in adversity, and a provision in old age.
学问在得意时是装饰品，失意时是庇护所，年老时是供应品。
3. This fledgling field has already proved the
truth of what once passed as bromide:……
fledgling:
n. 1.（刚会飞的）幼鸟
…when fledglings are almost ready to leave the
nests.
2. 初出茅庐的人，无经验的组织，新体系
He is a fledgling writer.
By January,
three other
bromide
['brəumaid]
any of the salts of
hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but
now generally
replaced by safer drugs 溴化物
a trite or obvious remark 陈词滥调
[同]
commonplace, banality, bromide, platitude, cliche
In the wake of even the most
terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of
adults become
chronically troubled.
in
the wake of: following or as a result of sth 紧跟、效仿
e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US was
now burdened with soaring borrowing, high
unemployment, and collapsing house prices.
The figures do not include restrictions on
pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the
wake of the swine flu outbreak.
4. Those who weather adversity well are
living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.
paradox: a person, thing or situation that
has two opposite features and therefore seems
strange
•
For life is a paradox:
it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even
while it ordains their
eventual
relinquishment.
3
•
`More
haste, less speed' is a well-known paradox.
weather： v. to come through a very
difficult situation safely （p14）
e.g. The
police department has weathered the storm of
criticism after the incident.
He
said it was a “special” policy to weather the
financial crisis.
Our contemporary
quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for
bliss.
quest: n. the act or an instance of
seeking or pursuing something; a search
e.g.
in quest of employment
quest (for): v.
seek after
e.g quest for improvement hidden
treasures
See: pursue, seek
shrivel:
v. 1) wither, as with a loss of
moisture
e. g. Why do Kate’s onions grow so
well while John’s shrivel and rot in the ground?
2) decrease in size, range, or extent
e.g. Profits have shriveled since the start
of the economic crisis.
bliss:
perfect happiness or enjoyment 极乐，狂喜;
天堂之乐，天赐之福，福
祉；天堂，乐园
–
They flash upon
that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude;
and then my heart
with pleasure fills and
dances with the daffodils.
•
•
live
to ripe old age in conjugal bliss: remain a
devoted couple to the end of their lives
Oh,
grant me my prayer that I may never lose the bliss
of the touch of the one in the play
of many.
Those who weather adversity well are
living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.
A.
Those who experience different weather conditions
can find happiness.
B. Weathermen are most
likely to experience the paradoxes of happiness.
C. Those who come out of a difficult situation
soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes of
happiness.
D. People gain happiness and
sorrow if they handle adversity well.
We need more than pleasure to live the best
possible life.
A. The best possible life of
humans depends on whether they are happy.
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B. The best possible life comes
from pleasure.
C. The best possible life needs
more pleasure.
D. Pleasure is not the only
thing that contributes to the best life.
5. anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is
unlikely to offend anyone
e.g. Look at the
reaction in India to some fairly anodyne comments
by President George W.
Bush.
anodyne: n. a medicine used to relieve pain止痛剂
contend: v. to compete against
someone in order to gain something
contend for:
e.g. Ten teams are
contending for the title.
have to contend
with: have to deal with something difficult or bad
e.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will
have to contend
with more and more
diseases.
contend : v. to argue or state
that something is true
e.g. The authors thinkb
elievearguecontendmaintaininsistassertholdobserven
ote that it is
necessary to distinguish
between these words.
It turns out that
some of the people who have suffered the most, who
have been forced to contend with
shocks they
never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of
their lives, may have the most to tell
us
about that profound and intensely fulfilling
journey ‖ that philosophers used to call the
search for “the good life”.
有证明显示，那些遭受最多痛苦
的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自
己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就
感的经历给予我们最多的意见。哲学家们过
去把这一探寻称之为“美好的生活”。
6. empathy: n. identification with and
understanding of another's situation, feelings,
and
motives; pity adj. 移情作用的 n. 同情，同感
e.g. Empathy, the ability to put oneself in
the shoes of another, is the foundation of the
moral
sense.
•
•
He can exchange
with people easily, and has comparatively more of
a sense of what is
right and feelings of
empathy.
Empathy for the criminal's childhood
misery does not imply exoneration of the crimes he
committed as an adult.
…because
sometimes only drastic situations can force us to
take on the painful process of
change.
take on: to undertake or begin to handle
e.g. take on extra responsibilities
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7. She had stopped
taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that
kept her arthritis in
check.
keephold… in check: to keep someone or
something under control; to restrain someone or
something.
e.g. I was so angry I could
hardly hold myself in check.
Would you
please keep your voice in check?
excruciating: a. extremely painful 极痛苦的, 折磨人的
He was suffering an excruciating
humiliation which mocked him
in its very
intensity.
[同] excruciating, harrowing,
agonizing, torturesome, torturing, torturous
8. wimp: a person who lacks
confidence, is irresolute and wishy-washy (weak in
willpower,
courage or vitality)
He is
a colorless, indecisive wimp, and not a leader
among men.
[同] crybaby, chicken
But this time, she was way past her
limits.
way: adv. by a great distance or to
a great degree; far 大大地，非常地
e.g. way
off base; way too expensive
9.
As her sleepless nights wore on…
wear on:
pass slowly (of time)
e.g. As the
evening wears on, she becomes more and more
nervous.
awesome: inspiring awe or
admiration or wonder
(1)令人敬畏（或畏怯、惊奇、惊叹）的，引起敬畏的，可畏的，可怕的
He was
more affected by the awesome abysses than by the
harmonious landscape.
The Sequoia
National Park was created in 1890, in order to
preserve these awesome wonders.
(2)表示敬畏（或十分尊敬）的
The crowd stood in
awesome silence before the ancient ruins.
The
audience clapped in awesome respect for Luciano
Pavarotti.
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(3)【俚】出色的；令人难忘的，给人深刻印象的
encompass: include in scope; include as part
of something broader; have as one's sphere
or
territory 包含，包括，涉及（大量事物）
The nutrients
in foods encompass the minerals and vitamins. A
portfolio can encompass
a whole array of
different investment vehicles.
同：comprehend , cover, embrace
compassion:
•
•
1. a deep
awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering
2. the humane quality of understanding the
suffering of others and wanting to do
something about it
In the Buddhist
vision, wisdom and compassion are the most
important sentiments that
inspire human
behavior.
Make no judgements where you
have no compassion.——Charles Dickens
We all have a heart of compassion and a heart
of conscience, a heart of reverence and a
heart of right and wrong.
I
felt stripped of everything I’d ever identified
myself with.
strip: v. to deprive of honors,
rank, office, privileges, or possessions; to
remove all excess detail
from; reduce to
essentials
e.g. It would strip your honor
from you, and leave you naked.
Amazement stripped him of all power of speech.
11. combat: n. (1) an
engagement fought between two military forces
[C,U] 战斗，格斗，反对
(+withbetweenagainst)
(2) the act of fighting; any contest or
struggle与...战斗，反对 ，搏斗(+withagainst)
battle，war，campaign，struggle，warfare，fight，combat
，engagement 这些名词均有“战
斗，战争”之意。
battle
侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的
战斗，或个人之间
的争斗。
War 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争
Campaign
通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作
7
引申用。
Struggle 指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
Warfare 侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。
Fight
最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
Combat
泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。
Engagement 指交战，交火。
反腐倡廉：
fight corruption and build
a clean government
fight corruption and
uphold integrity
combat：to take action in
an organized way in order to oppose something bad
or harmful
combat crime
combat inflation
1）Global standards to combat
corruption in police forcesservices （国际刑警组织）
•
•
•
http:
2)
Helping Countries Combat Corruption: The Role of
the World Bank（世界银行）
http:
3）WHO sets
up network to combat corruption in medicines
procurement（世界卫生组织）
http:
1）Shanghai
Stresses Auditing to Combat
Corruption（2001年3月6日人民网英语新闻报
道）
•
•
•
http:ish20010306eng20010306_
2）Wen calls for more efforts to combat
corruption（2003年3月28日新华网英语新闻报道）
http:?contentid=co8497082
372
3）Guangdong will boost efforts to combat
corruption（2008年5月1日中国日报英语新闻）
a2008-0501content_
combat
corruption for public integrity
the fight
against corruption
fightcombat graft
graft
fighting
anti-graft
8
2008年7月22日的一篇英语新闻报道的标题如下：China's anti-graft
chief calls for more int'l
co-op in fighting
corruption。
aftermath: the
consequences of an event (especially a
catastrophic event) （战争、事故、不快事
情等带来的）后果，创伤 [U]
Sixty-five years ago, 51 nations came
together in the aftermath of one of history's most
devastating wars to rededicate themselves to
peace, justice, and progress.
aftermath:
E. Chinese President Hu Jintao
on Wednesday expressed his 'deep condolences' over
the death
of a Chinese UN observer killed in
an Israeli air raid on a UN post in south Lebanon.
F. President Hu
aftermath of the incident
and take every measure necessary to ensure the
safety of Chinese
nationals in Lebanon,
preoccupy: v. if something preoccupies
someone, heshe thinks or worries about it a lot
e.g. The matter preoccupies her
completely—she cannot think of anything else
be preoccupied with: thinking about something
a lot, with the result that you do not pay
attention to other things
e.g. Ron is
completely preoccupied with the wedding
preparations at the moment.
Many
youngsters today are so preoccupied with computer
games as to forsake food and
sleep, resulting
in a host of adverse consequences.
shatter: v. to damage seriously; disable; to
cause the destruction or ruin of; destroy.
e.g. His health was shattered by the disease.
The outcome of the conflict shattered
our dreams of peace and prosperity.
Nothing could shatter his faith.
haunt: v. follow stealthily or recur
constantly and spontaneously to; haunt like a
ghost;
pursue; be a regular or frequent
visitor to a certain place
–
–
–
1.（指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）[T]
2.经常去(某地)；缠住(某人) [T]
3.(思想，回忆等)萦绕在...心头;使困扰 [T]
haunt: v.
9
Memories of the
past haunt her.
A ghost is said to haunt this
house.
I care not to haunt the mouldy
stillness, for I go in search of everlasting
youth…
The years of the war still haunt me.
gratifying: adj. pleasing
and satisfying 悦人的，令人满足
You are indeed to be
congratulated on this most gratifying results of
your labours.
值得（我们）欣慰高兴欣喜庆贺的是…”
It
is gratifyingdelightfulpleasingwonderfulgreat (for
us) to knowsee…
Wepeople are
gratifieddelightedpleasedhappyglad to knowsee…
12. invulnerability（刀枪不入，不再受伤害）: having the
strength to withstand attack
The myth of
Hitler's invulnerability was soon blown sky -
high.
Pierced（穿透，刺过）: having a hole cut
through
Have you ever observed that his ears
are pierced for earrings?
Her remarks
pierced his heart like ten thousand arrows and
unknown to himself his tears
flowed.
A
tsunami warning siren pierced the night in Hawaii
and elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean Friday,
after an 8.9 earthquake near the east coast of
Honshu, Japan, generated tsunami waves, which
move as fast as a jetliner.
Glasses 2% A beard 3% Too much hair on
the body 6%
Long hair on the head 4%
No hair on the head 7% Pierced ear ears 3%
Pierced nose (or other body part!) 4%
Pale skin 3% Long fingernails 8%
Unshined shoes 1% Tattoos 3% Yellow
teeth 9%
Shabby clothes 3% Long nose
hair 7% Stinky body odor 7%
Big belly 5%
Fat ass 6% Bad breath 8% No muscles
3%
Muscles are too big! 6%
armor: n.
a defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or
leather, worn to protect the body against
weapons
Their feathers were like armor
impenetrable to steel.
Donny:
吴琼，昨天的电影好不好看？
WQ: 别提了，讲吸血鬼的，吓死我了。怎么说来着，1
Donny: 2
WQ:
早知道听你的就对了。特别是女主角被变成吸血鬼那段，简直毛骨悚然，吓得我汗毛
都立起来了!
对了，美语里有类似的说法吗？
Donny: 3
WQ: hair,
是毛发，stand on end 立起来。连在一起，to make one's hair stand
on end 吓得人
毛发都立起来了。所以要说那一 幕吓得我汗毛都立起来了，就可以讲 4
Donny: 5
WQ: blood 是血，cold 是寒冷。to make
one's blood run cold 让血都变冷了，也就是中文里
说的吓得我浑身冰凉吧？
Donny: 6
WQ: 什么？Rachel 不是特别胆小吗？ 7
10
Donny: I know.... 8
WQ: 啊，你想让
Rachel 觉得你是 her knight in shining
armor身穿闪亮盔甲的骑士？保护
她的英雄？我看你啊，八成是别有用心。
Donny: (haha) 言归正传，还是说说你今天都学了什么吧!
tear away: rip off violently and
forcefully
Hold your bag close to prevent a
thief from tearing it away from you in the market.
tear……away (idm)
The TV programme was
really attractive. I could not tear myself away
from it.
Spring is everywhere. From
the sky, it falls in small white blossoms,
fugitives from a rapid
winter birth. In my
community, the small greening garden bushes light
up like stars in the dark
sky. In the
distance, a dust storm looms, hovering with
impending doom. However, the pleasant
scene of
the spring flowers inside these brick walls
quickly takes over and fills my heart with
joy.
Later that day, my friend and I sit
in a majestic church, listening as the voice of
the pastor
echoes in the wide space. Rays of
dimmed sunlight fall between the pews and statues
as the
hour passes. I am slowly being refined
through my weekly visits to this place, as if a
hammer
were knocking useless thoughts out of
my head. I laugh a little at this because in many
ways, I
am going through the same changes as
the flowers in my own garden. The spring wind is
tearing away weak petals, leaving the flowers
with strong roots and their special, hidden color.
13. come to terms with: to accept an
unpleasant or sad situation and no longer feel
upset or angry
about it 妥协，接受
The
protagonist loses everything in his struggle to
come to terms with unforeseen events.
She
also is receiving psychiatric counseling to come
to terms with what happened. She's
struggling
to understand.
incorporate: v. to unite
(one thing) with something else already in
existence; to cause to merge
or combine
together into a united whole
We will
incorporate your suggestion in this new plan.
Whatever solution he chooses, Mr. Lee must
incorporate into his decision the trust and
teamwork that have gained his department
respect.
Many retroviruses (although not HIV)
also incorporate themselves into their hosts' eggs
or
sperm, and are passed passively from parent
to child
14. paramount: having superior
power and influence
Therefore it is of
paramount importance that the software used is
properly validated.
God is not subjected to
paramount immutable laws of the cosmos.
In
less developed countries the paramount problem is
providing sufficient employment for the
rapidly expanding urban populations.
in line with: if something changes in line
with something else, it changes in the same way
and
at the same rate as it
Annual pay
increases will be in line with inflation.
However, the European Commission said the measure
was fully in line with WTO rules.
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15. retrospect: n. a review, survey, or
contemplation of things in the past
in
retrospect: looking backward or reviewing the past
One's school life seems happier in retrospect
than it really was.
In retrospect, the past
100 years of human existence have been extremely
exciting, and
extremely frightening as well.
17. outweigh: 1. be heavier than more
heavily
On balance, his accomplishments
outweigh his faults.
The advantages of the
plan outweigh its drawbacks.
But the bottom
line is that no quantity of cabbages and citrus
fruit can outweigh the benefits of
not
smoking.
legacy: (law) a gift of
personal property by will
The right to
inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall
be exercised on his behalf by his
statutory
agent.
A generation without a cause in its
youth has no legacy in its old age. --Eeward
Kennedy.
American politician
18.
compensate: v. serve as or provide a substitute or
counterbalance.
She used her good looks to
compensate for her lack of intelligence.
Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for
the lack of ability.
Nothing can compensate
for the loss of one's health.
cancel
out: to wipe out the effect of something; do away
with, eliminate
The new tax effectively
cancels out my raise.
The ‘A’ will cancel out
the ‘C’ on your record.
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