专业英语教案
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专业英语教案（其中放假1次，期中习题课1次）
Unit 1 TECTONICS
(4课时)
（1：The structure of the earth 2：plate
tectonic 3：Earthquakes）
一、 Word and phrase
core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳
continental
crust 大陆地壳
granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩
sial; sima硅铝层；硅镁层
surface waves; body ..
面波；体波
epicentre; focus 震中；震源
lithosphere 岩石圈
tectonic
plate 构造板块
continetal drift
大陆漂移
asthenosphere 软流层
ocean ridge
洋脊
ocean trench 海沟
subduction 俯冲作用
volcanism 火山作用
fold mountain
褶皱山脉
fold; fault 褶皱；断层
sedimentary
rocks 沉积岩
vent 火山口
lava
熔岩
volcanic cones 火山锥
parasitic cone
寄生火山锥
plug 岩颈
volcanic ash 火山灰
二、 重点内容
1. .Within the crust, intricate
patterns are created when rocks are
redistributed and deposited in layers through
the geologic processes of eruption
and
intrusion of lava, erosion, and consolidation of
rock particles, and
solidification and
recrystallization of porous rock.
2. The
lithosphere is a relatively inflexible and buoyant
layer. It is the layer
which floats on the
material underneath and as it moves carries the
continents
that produce continental drift.
3. There are three types of plate
boundaries:
Divergent (diverge, divergence)
boundaries -- where new crust is generated as
the plates pull away from each other.
Convergent (converge, convergent) boundaries
-- where crust is destroyed as
one plate dives
under another.
Transform boundaries -- where
crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the
plates slide horizontally past each other.
4. Earthquakes occur when normal
movement of the crust are concentrated
into a
single shock of a series of sudden shocks.
三、
词汇解释
ocean ridges
continental rift
rift valley
convergent
trench arc and
back-arc-basin system
transcurrent fault
abyssal intrusion
fold mountains
sendimentary rock
Unit 2 WEATHERING（4课时）
(1：Weathering 2：Controls on weathering)
一、
Word and phrase
mechanical weathering 机械风化
chemical weathering 化学风化
freeze-
thaw 冻融
pressure release 卸荷释重
limestone 石灰岩
hydrolysis 水解作用
quartz 石英
hydration 水合作用
oxidation 氧化作用
alluvium 冲击层
gravel 砂砾
denudation 剥蚀作用
precipitation 降水
climatic zone
气候带
mid-latitude 中纬度
semi-arid
半干旱
tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候
watershed
分水岭
drainage basin 流域
regolith
风化层
二、重点
1. The disintegration (breaking
into parts) of rock that takes place at or near
the
surface of the earth is called weathering.
2.
PHYSICAL WEATHERING
It occurs
when a force is applied to rock, causing it to
disintegrate into its basic components
(what
it makes of) .
temperature changing--it
expands and contracts rock particles to breaks
rock
apart.
frost action--it condenses
water vapor in cooling air to form water that
seeps
into cracks in rock.
organic (have
life) activity--plants or other organisms grow and
burrow (go into)
into cracks in rock, so the
rock crumble over time.
AL WEATHERING
The
process that breaks down rock through chemical
changes.
The agents of chemical weathering
Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Living
organisms
Acid rain
ring - Process which
acts at the earth's surface to decompose and
breakdown rocks.
Erosion - The movement of
weathered material from the site of weathering.
Primary agent is gravity, but gravity acts in
concert with running water.
5. control on
weathering
-climate
-precipitation
-variations in the depth of wreathing
for climatic zones from the pole to the
tropocs
-geology(chemical composition
;the natural of cements in sedimentary
rock;joint and bedding plants)
三、词语翻译
weathering crust
weathering joint
mineral deposit by weathering
weathering
of rock mass
decomposition product
decomposition reaction
disintegration
coefficient
To move back and forth alternately
.
a mineral substance
waste substance
A simple substance, mixture
mechanical
weathering
landscape marble
landscape
ecosystem
moisture equivalent
measurement of soil moisture constant.
fluctuation of temperature
Unit 3
SLOPES（2课时）
(1：Slope 2：Slope controls
3：Theories of slope evolution
movements)
一、 words and phrase
soil creep
土壤蠕动
mass movement 块体运动
strata
地层
overland runoff 地表径流
sheet wash
片状冲刷
pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）
rockfall山崩
landslide 滑坡
二、重点内容
1. slope
(definition)
2. factor of controlling slope
development
-climate
-geology
-vegetation
-soil cover
-human
activity
3. theories of slope evolution
-slope decline:
4：Mass
-slope replacement:waltherpenck
-slope retreat:
4. mass movement
-small movement (soil creep)
-fast
movement(avalanches)
三、翻译句子
Mass movements are part of a continuum
of erosional processes between weathering and
stream transport. Mass movement causes
regolith and rock to move down-slope where
sooner or later the loose particles will be
picked up by another transporting agent and
eventually moved to a site of deposition such
as an ocean basin or lake bed.
Unit 4 HYDTOLOGY
（2课时）
The river basin hydrological cycle
2：Drainage basin hydrology
3：Seasonal
variations in river flow: the regime
一、 words
and phrase
interception 截流
evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量
capillary rise
毛管上升
aeration zone 包气带
overland flow
; interflow base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流
water
table 潜水面（水位）
basin length; area
流域长度;流域面积
tributary 支流；
trunk stream 干流
drainage density 河网密度
二、重点内容
1. The
basin hydrological cycle –input (precipitation)
and
outputs(evapotranspiration and runoff)
-interception by vegetation
-soil moisture
and infiltration
2. The
definition of the drainage basin is the area which
drains into a particular
river or river
system.（precipitation via interception, soil
moisture and
groundwater storage,
evapotranspiration ）
plan
4. Stream
ordering
6. Drainage density
三、课后练习
Main components
P
precipitation
E evaporation
T
transpiration
I infiltration
R
runoff
G ground water flow
Ic
interception
Unit 5 The long profile
and Rivers as sediment systems（2课时）
一、 words
and phrase
upper middle lower reach 上中下游
vertical erosion 下切侵蚀
headward
erosion 溯源侵蚀
lateral erosion 侧蚀
pot-hole 壶穴
meander
曲流
ox-bow lake 牛轭湖
delta
三角洲
lake basin 湖盆
levee 天然提
rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀
clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂
suspended sediment
悬浮沉积物
atmospherical fallout 大气沉降
laminar flow 层流
turbulent flow 紊流
riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽
channel roughness
河道粗糙度
二、重点内容
1. As rivers evolve through
time and over distance the stream passes through a
series of distinct stages: youth (lakes,
waterfalls, and rapids, initial uplift)
middle
youth ( headward erosion, deepening of channel)
early maturity(a
smoothly profile, floodplain)
approaching full maturity(meanders, river in
equilibrium) full maturity (broad floodplain
and freely menders)
2. critical erosion
velocity
3. type of flow-laminar
flow and turbulent flow
三、理解下图内容
Cross-sectional shape varies with
position in the stream, and
discharge.
Thedeepest part of channel occurs where the stream
velocity is
the highest. Both width and depth
increase downstream because discharge
increases downstream. As discharge increases
the cross sectional shape will
change, with
the stream becoming deeper and wider.
Unit 6
Meanders and Deltas and estuaries（2课时）
sandbar
沙坝
thalweg中泓线
estuary 河口
lagoon
泻湖
salinity 盐度
coastline 海岸线
dune 沙丘
suspension; saltation;
creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移
dust storm
尘暴
windward; leeward 迎风；背风
prevailing
wind 盛行风
deflation hollow 风蚀凹地
二、重点内容
1. helicoidal flow
2. the
wavelength of meanders is dependent on three
majors of factors: channel
width, discharge,
and the nature of the bed and banks.
3. factors of affect the formation of deltas:
amount and calibre of load, salinity,
gradient
of coastline , vegetation, low energy river
discharge.
4. three forms of deltas:
arcuate, cuspate, bird’s foot.
5. estuaries
occur where a coastal area has recently subsided
or the ocean level
has risen, causing the
lower part of the river to be drowned.
三、理解下列句子
Terraces - Terraces
are exposed former floodplain deposits that result
when the
stream begins down cutting into its
flood plain (this is usually caused by
regional uplift or by lowering the regional
base level, such as a drop in sea
level).
Unit 7 Glaciation
一、 words and phase
cold ocean current 寒流
plateau 高原
alluvial fan 冲积扇
pediplanation山麓夷平作用
deflation 风蚀
moraine 冰碛
glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期
Recent
全新世
Quaternary Era 第四纪
cold ocean
current 寒流
plateau 高原
alluvial
fan 冲积扇
pediplanation山麓夷平作用
deflation
风蚀
moraine 冰碛
glacial；interglacial
冰期；间冰期
Recent 全新世
Quaternary Era
第四纪
U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷
fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积
drumlin
鼓丘
terminal moraine 终碛
outwash plain 冰水沉积平原
kettle hole
锅穴
二、主要内容
1. Definition of a glacier
2. The Formation of Glacial Ice：(1) Cold local
climate (polar latitudes or
high elevation).
(2) snow must be abundant; more snow must fall
than melts, and
(3) snow must not be removed
by avalanches or wind.
3．Glaciation
Glacial Erosion - Glaciers erode in several
ways.:Abrasion and plucking.
sediment
transportation
Glacial Deposition
4.
Landforms produced by mountain: Cirques, Glacial
Valleys, Arêtes,
Horns.
三、理解下列图片内容。