科技英语教案
大连医科大学中山学院-技术负责人
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科技英语教案
ng Plan
(180 minutes)
1. Warm-up (10 minutes)
2. Detailed Study ( 145 minutes)
3. Translating skills of nominalization (24
minutes)
4. Assignment (1 minute)
ng Steps
1. Warm-up: (10 minutes)
1). Have you ever watched the movie A
Beautiful Mind? What is the story about?
2). What are the basic elements of games and what
is the goal of the participants in the game?
3). In order to win in a game, what kind of
approach or strategy should be applied?
2. Detailed Study (145 minutes)
Step1.
Text Organization
Part One: paras. 1-3
Game theory can be defined as the
science of strategy which studies both pure
conflicts
(zero-sum games) and conflicts in
cooperative forms.
Part Two: paras.
4-11
There are two distinct types of
strategic imterdependence; sequential move game
and
simultaneous-move game.
Part
Three: paras: 12-19
The typical
examples of game theory are given as basic
principles such as prisoners’
dilemma,
mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining,
concealing and revealing information.
Part Four: para. 20
The
research of game theory has succeeded in
illustrating strategies in situations of conflict
and cooperation and it will focus on the
design of successful strategy in future.
Step 2. Detailed study of part one
Terms: game theory, zero-sum game,
Words and phrases:
1) outcome: The
outcome of an activity, process, or situation is
the situation that exists at the
end of it
E.g:
Mr. Singh said he was
pleased with the outcome...
辛格先生说他对这一结果感到满意。
2) rear: v. bring up
and educate children rear a family 养家
I
was reared in east Texas.我在得克萨斯州东部长大。
n. [the rear] the back part 后部、背后、后面 a kitchen in
the rear of the house
3) takeover: n.
公司的接收或并购
The economy of Hong Kong goes
well after its ～.
4) implement: 1. V.
履行;实施 N-COUNT 可数名词 工具;器具;用具
e.g We need
money to implement the program.
～
plans, policies, a program of reforms
knives and other useful implements. 刀子和其他有用工具
5) jointly: in collaboration or cooperation
adv. 共同地，联合地，连带地
e.g The two boys owned
the boat jointly.
joint: n. 关节，连接处 adj.
共有的，共同的
6) fight back: When an
animal is under attack, it can run away or fight
back. 抵抗，反击，强
忍住
e.g If he hit you,
why didn't you fight back?
7)cut
down: 削减; 减少使用
e.g If you spend more
than your income, can you try to cut down?
如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗?
Content
questions:
1. What kind of games did
early game theory mathematicians emphasize? What
is the current
research focus?
2.
Are game strategies different from decisions made
in a neutral environment? Why or why
not?
Step 3. Detailed study of part two
1) When thinking about how others will respond,
one must put oneself in their shoes, and
think
as they would; one should not impose one’s
own reasoning on them.
• 在考虑其他博弈者会
如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考，而不能
把自己的主观判断强加于人。
2) In contrast to the linear chain of
reasoning for sequential games, a game with
simultaneous
moves involves a logical circle.
• Paraphrase: A game with
simultaneous move requires a logical circular
thinking,
which is totally different from the
linear chain of reasoning for sequential games
• 与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同，联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。
3) square: v. 与…一致，符合
• That explanation squares with the facts,
doesn't it... 那个解释和事实相符，不
是吗?
• Square the circle: to attempt sth.
impossible 做(似乎是)不可能的事情
4) When we say
that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no
presumption that each
person’s privately
best choice will lead to a collectively optimal
result.
• 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的
时候，并不能假定博弈的每个参与者的
个人最佳策略将带来共同的最优化结果。
collectively: adv. 全体的，共同的
e.g. All
members of the Cabinet are collectively
responsible for decisions taken.
•
所有内阁成员对所作决定集体负责。
optimal: a. best or
most favorable 最佳的
e.g. Aim to do some
physical activity three times a week for optimal
health.
•
为了达到最佳的健康状况，要力争每周进行3次身体锻炼。
Content
questions:
1). What is the essence of
the game?
2). In a sequential-move
game, what do the players do? While in a
simultaneous game, what
do the players do?
3). What is the general principle for
players in the simultaneous game?
4).
Can you describe the concept of Nash equilibrium?
How is it used in circular reasoning of
games?
Step 4. Detailed study of part three
and part four
1). confess: v.
①confesses to sthdoing sth 承认，供认坦白(自己做错的事)
• She finally confessed to having
stolen the money.
②confess sth to
sb(向神父)忏悔，告解
• You just go to the
church and confess your sins... 你干脆去教堂忏悔自己的罪过吧。
2). outweigh: v. be greater in weight,
value or importance than sth
e.g The
advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 利远大于弊
• out- 为前缀,意为exceeds, go beyond
3). Prisoners’ dilemma :
in game theory, the prisoners’ dilemma is a
type of
non-zero game in which two players can
cooperate with or defect the other player.
4) Game theory quantifies this insight and
details the right proportions of such mixtures.
• 博弈论为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。
5). deter: v. ～sb. from doing sth.
使某人决定不做某事
e.g Failure did not deter him
from making another attempt. 他并未因失败而畏缩不前。
6). credible: adj.可信的，可靠的
incredible: adj.不可思议的; 惊人的; 难以置信的;credibility:
n.可靠性，可信性; 确实性
7). renege: v. fail to
keep a promise, one’s word 食言，背信
If someone reneged on a deal, they could never
trade here again.
谁要是违背了约定，就永远不能再在这里进行交易。
8). commit to:
对…作出承诺, 担负责任; 致力于…;把…固定在
e.g. He has committed himself to the cause
of education. 他已决心献身教育事业。
9). monopoly:
n. ①专卖权，专利权 gain a ～
• In some
countries, tobacco is a government～专卖品
Content questions:
1). In tennis why is
it crucial for players to mix their moves?
2). What is brinkmanship strategy in games
of conflict?
3). What is the process of
bargaining for players? What agreement can be
reached?
3. The translating
skills——nominalization (24 minutes)
Nominalization(名词化结构)
1)单纯名词化结构：指由一个或多个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化结构。
water purification system
该结构的中心名词是system，purification 修饰water，因此该结构相当于a
system for the
purification of water
2)复合名词化结构：指由一个中心名词和形容词、名词、副词、分词及介词短语等多个
前置或后置修饰
语构成。
acute bacterial peritonitis
急性细菌性腹膜炎
将名词化结构译为动词
All
substances will permit the passage of some
electric current, provided the potential
difference is high enough.
这里的名词passage在翻译时要译为动词“通过”。
全句译为：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。
将名词化结构译为动宾关系
As a small-scale illustration of the
artificial modification of physical weather
processes, take
the frost prevention in an
orchard.
划线部分的名词化结构译为“对天气的物理过程进行人工影响”
全句译为：我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进行小尺度人工影响的例
子。
4. Assignment (1 minute)
Do the
exercises of multiple choice, blank filling,
cloze.