人教版2020版高中英语电子课本(必修4)
青春电影排行榜-股份合作协议书
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising
over Gombe National Park in East Afri
ca.
Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group
are all going to visit them
in the forest.
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many
years and helped
people understand how much
they behave like humans. Watching a family of
chi
mps wake up is our first activity of the
day. This means going back to the place
where
we left the family sleeping in a tree the night
before. Everybody sits and wa
its in the shade
of the trees while the family begins to wake up
and move off. Th
en we follow as they wander
into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either
feed
or clean each other as a way of showing
love in their family. Jane warns us that
our
group is going to be very tired and dirty by the
afternoon and she is right. Ho
wever, the
evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the
mother chimp and her b
abies play in the tree.
Then we see them go to sleep together in their
nest for the
night. We realize that the bond
between members of a chimp family is as strong
as in a human family.
Nobody before Jane
fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years
observi
ng and recording their daily
activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to
work
with animals in their own environment.
However, this was not easy. When she firs
t
arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a
woman to live in the forest. Only
after her
mother came to help her for the first few months
was she allowed to be
gin her project. Her work
changed the way people think about chimps. For
exampl
e, one important thing she discovered
was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until th
en
everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and
nuts. She actually observed chi
mps as a group
hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also
discovered how ch
imps communicate with
each other, and her study of their body language
helped h
er work out their social system.
For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken
about making the rest of the
world understand
and respect the life of these animals. She has
argued that wild
animals should be left in the
wild and not used for entertainment or
advertisements.
She has helped to set up
special places where they can live safely. She is
leadin
g a busy life but she says: I stop, it
all comes crowding in and I remember
the
chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects
me when I watch the wild chimps.
I say to
myself, 'Aren't they lucky?And then I think about
small chimps in cages
though they have done
nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can
never f
orget ...
She has achieved
everything she wanted to do: working with animals
in their o
wn environment, gaining a doctor's
degree and showing that women can live in the
forest as men can. She inspires those who want to
cheer the achievements of wo
men.
WHY NOT
CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?
I enjoyed English,
biology, and chemistry at school, but which one
should I ch
oose to study at university? I did
not know the answer until one evening when I
s
at down at the computer to do some research
on great women of China.
By chance I came
across an article about a doctor called Lin
Qiaozhi, a speci
alist in women's diseases. She
lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had
b
een very busy in her chosen career,
travelling abroad to study as well as writing
b
ooks and articles. One of them caught my eye.
It was a small
book explaining how to
cut the death rate from having and caring for
babies.
She gave some simple rules to follow
for keeping babies clean, healthy and free
fr
om sickness. Why did she write that? Who
were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thoug
ht needed
this advice? I looked carefully at the text and
realized that it was intended for women in
the countryside. Perhaps if they had
an
emergency they could not reach a doctor.
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a
woman to get medical training at t
hat time.
That was a generation when girls' education was
always placed second t
o boys'. Was she so much
cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me
r
ealize that it was hard work and
determination as well as her gentle nature that
go
t her into medical school. What made her
succeed later on was the kindness and
consideration she showed to all her patients.
There was story after story of how Li
n
Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at
night to deliver a baby for a poor
family who
could not pay her.
By now I could not wait
to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin
Qiao
zhi had devoted her whole life to her
patients and had chosen not to have a famil
y
of her own. Instead she made sure that about
50,000 babies were safely deliver
ed. By this
time I was very excited. Why not study at medical
college like Lin Qia
ozhi and carry on her good
work? It was still not too late for me to improve
my st
udies, prepare for the university
entrance examinations, and….
必修4 Unit 2 A
PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of
China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping
consider
s himself a farmer, for he works the
land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt
face and arms and his slim, strong body
are just like those of millions of Chinese
farmers, for whom he has struggled for the
past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping g
rows what
is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became
the first agricultural pion
eer in the world to
grow rice that has a high output. This special
strain of rice ma
kes it possible to produce
one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now
mor
e than 60% of the rice produced in China
each year is from this hybrid strain.
Born
into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan
graduated from Southwest A
gricultural College
in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more
rice has been hi
s life goal. As a young man,
he saw the great need for increasing the rice
output.
At that time, hunger was a disturbing
problem in many parts of the countryside. D
r
Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests
without expanding the area of
the fields. In
1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty
million tons of rice. I
n a recent harvest,
however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice
was produced.
These increased harvests mean
that 22% of the world's people are fed from just
7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now
circulating his knowledge in India, Vi
etnam
and many other less developed countries to
increase their rice harvests. Th
anks to his
research, the UN has more tools in the battle to
rid the world of hung
er. Using his hybrid
rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as
large as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied
with his life. However, he doesn't care about
being f
amous. He feels it gives him less
freedom to do his research. He would much
rath
er keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys
listening to violin music, playing mah-jong,
swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or
leading a comfortable life a
lso means very
little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person
with too much mon
ey has more rather than fewer
troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to
equi
p others for their research in
agriculture.
Just dreaming for
things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan
had a dre
am about rice plants as tall as
sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear
of
corn and each grain of rice was as huge as
a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his
dream with
the hope of producing a kind of rice that could
feed more people. Now,
many years later, Dr
Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that
it can b
e grown around the globe. One dream is
not always enough, especially for a pers
on who
loves and cares for his people.
CHEMICAL OR
ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century,
using chemical fertilizers has become very
common
in farming. Many farmers welcomed them
as a great way to stop crop disease an
d
increase production. Recently, however, scientists
have been finding that long-ter
m use of these
fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even
more dangerou
s, to people's health.
What
are some of the problems caused by chemical
fertilizers? First, they dam
age the land by
killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as
the harmful ones.
Chemicals also stay in the
ground and underground water for a long time. This
aff
ects crops and, therefore, animals and
humans, since chemicals get inside the cro
ps
and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in
the food supply build up in
people's bodies
over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to
cancer or other ill
nesses. In addition, fruit,
vegetables and other food grown with chemical
fertilizers
usually grow too fast to be full
of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but
insi
de there is usually more water than
vitamins and minerals.
With these
discoveries, some farmers and many customers are
beginning to tu
rn to organic farming. Organic
farming is simply farming without using any
chemical
s. They focus on keeping their
soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil
reduces
disease and helps crops grow strong
and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, ofte
n
prefer using natural waste from animals as
fertilizer. They feel that this makes th
e soil
in their fields richer in minerals and so more
fertile. This also keeps the air,
soil, water
and crops free from chemicals.
Organic
farmers also use many other methods to keep the
soil fertile. They oft
en change the kind of
crop in each field every few years, for example,
growing cor
n or wheat and then the next year
peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or
soy
beans put important minerals back into the
soil, making it ready for crops such as
wheat
or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic
farmers also plant crops to u
se different
levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that
use the ground's surfa
ce followed by
vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic
farmers prefer
planting grass between crops to
prevent wind or water from carrying away the
soil,
and then leaving it in the ground to
become a natural fertilizer for the next
year's
crop. These many different organic
farming methods have the same goal: to grow
good food and avoid damaging the environment or
people's health.
必修4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF
NONVERBAL HUMOUR
As Victor Hugo once said,
is the sun that drives winter from the hu
man
faceand up to now nobody has been able to do this
better than Charlie Ch
aplin. He brightened the
lives of Americans and British through two world
wars and
the hard years in between. He made
people laugh at a time when they felt
depre
ssed, so they could feel more content
with their lives.
Not that Charlie's own
life was easy! He was born in a poor family in
1889. H
is parents were both poor music hall
performers. You may find it astonishing that
Charlie was taught to sing as soon as
he could speak and dance as soon as he
could
walk. Such training was common in acting families
at this time, especially wh
en the family
income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his
father died, leaving the
family even worse
off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after
his sick mother
and his brother. By his teens,
Charlie had, through his humour, become one of
th
e most popular child actors in England. He
could mime and act the fool doing ordi
nary
everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him
-his subtle acting made
everything
entertaining.
As time went by, he began
making films. He grew more and more popular as
his charming character, the little tramp,
became known throughout the world. The tr
amp,
a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large
trousers, worn-out shoe
s and a small round
black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a
walking stick. Th
is character was a social
failure but was loved for his optimism and
determination t
o overcome all difficulties. He
was the underdog who was kind even when others
were unkind to him.
How did the little
tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is
an example
from one of his most famous films,
The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth
centu
ry and gold has just been discovered in
California. Like so many others, the little
t
ramp and his friend have rushed there in
search of gold, but without success. Inst
ead
they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a
mountain during a snowstorm
with nothing to
eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a
pair of leather sho
es for their dinner.
Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as
if they were
spaghetti. Then he cuts off the
leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest
stea
k. Finally he tries cutting and chewing
the bottom of the shoe. He eats each
mout
hful with great enjoyment. The
acting is so convincing that it makes you believe
th
at it is one of the best meals he has ever
tasted!
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and
produced the films he starred in. In 1972 h
e
was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work
in films. He lived in England
and the USA but
spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was
buried in 197
7. He is loved and remembered as
a great actor who could inspire people with
gr
eat confidence.
ENGLISH JOKES
1
There are thousands of jokes which use on wordsto
amuse us. One
person asks a question which
expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets
is a
nother kind of answer which makes the
situation funny. Now read some of these
c
ustomer and waiter jokes. Can you match the
joke with the explanation?
1 C: What's
that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I
think!
2 C: What's that?
W: It's
bean soup.
C: I don't want to know what it's
been. I want to know what it is now.
3
C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
W: No,
sir. Round.
2 Some jokes are longer
and tell a short, funny story. The following is
one of
those jokes about the famous detective
Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor W
atson.
Read it and decide which of these two kinds of
jokes you like better. Give
your reasons.
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in
a mountainous area. Th
ey were lying in the
open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked
up at the st
ars and whispered, when you look
at that beautiful sky, what do you thin
k
of?Watson replied, think of how short life is and
how long the universe has l
, Watson!Holmes
said. do you really think of?.Watson trie
d
again. think of how small I am and how vast the
sky , Watson!
said Holmes. Watson tried a
third time. think of how cold the universe is and
h
ow warm people can be in their said, you
fool! You shoul
d be thinking that someone has
stolen our tent!
必修4 Unit 4
COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?
Yesterday,
another student and I, representing our
university's student associati
on, went to the
Capital International Airport to meet this year's
international student
s. They were coming to
study at Beijing University. We would take them
first to th
eir dormitories and then to the
student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for
th
eir flight to arrive, I saw several young
people enter the waiting area looking aroun
d
curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and
then went to greet them.
The first person to
arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely
followed by
Julia Smith from Britain. After I
met them and then introduced them to each
other,
I was very surprised. Tony
approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed
her
on the cheek! She stepped back appearing
surprised and put up her hands, as if
in
defence. I guessed that there was probably a major
misunderstanding. Then Ak
ira Nagata from Japan
came in smiling, together with George Cook from
Canada.
As they were introduced, George
reached his hand out to the Japanese student.
J
ust at that moment, however, Akira bowed so
his nose touched George's moving h
and. They
both apologized - another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was
from Jordan. When we met yes
terday, he moved
very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved
back a bit, but
he came closer to ask a
question and then shook my hand. When Darlene
Coulo
n from France came dashing through the
door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smili
ng
face. They shook hands and then kissed each other
twice on each cheek, sinc
e that is the French
custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed
Aziz., on
the contrary, simply nodded at the
girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other
Musli
m countries will often stand quite close
to other men to talk but will usually not
to
uch women.
As I get to know more
international friends, I learn more about this
cultural
dy languageNot all cultures greet
each other the same way, nor are they
comfor
table in the same way with touching or
distance between people. In the same way
that
people communicate with spoken language, they also
express their feelings u
sing unspoken through
physical distance, actions or posture. English
pe
ople, for example, do not usually stand very
close to others or touch strangers as
soon as
they meet. However, people from places like Spain,
Italy or South Americ
an countries approach
others closely and are more likely to touch them.
Most peop