人教版高中英语必修五电子课本
修武一中-工作心得体会范文
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必修 5 Unit 1
JOHH SHOW
“ KING CHOLERA”
expert
John Snow was a famous doctor in
London - so , indeed, that he attend
physiciainspire
ed Queen Victoria as her
personal n. But he became d when he tho
ordinacholer
ught about helping ry people
exposed to a. This was the deadly diseas
e
of its day. itcurunderstood
Neither its
cause nor s e was . So many thousands of
terrifpeopldiefac
ied e d every time
there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to e
thiproblemtha
the challenge and solve s .
He knew t cholera would never be contr
olleuntiit
d l s cause was found.
interestethapossiblkill
He became d in
two theories t y explained how cholera e
firsmultipliein air
d people. The t
suggested that cholera d the . A cloud of dangero
floateuntifounits victims. The second
tha
us gas d around il t d suggested t people
this inttheiwith
absorbed disease o r
bodies their meals. From the stomach the dis
attacke
ease quickly d the body and soon
the affected person died.
theorcorre
John Snow suspected that the
second y was ct but he needed evide
readhi
nce. So when another outbreak hit
London in 1854, he was y to begin s en
quirdisease quicklneighbourhoods
y. As
the spread y through poor , he began to gat
informatioparticustreetssever
her n. In two
lar , the cholera outbreak was so e that
t
more than 500 people died in ten days. He
was determined o find out why.
Firsexact
places where all
t he marked on a map the
the dead people had liv
ed. This gave him
a thoo
valuable clue about e cause f the
disease. Many f the de
Stree(especial
aths
were near the water pump in Broad t ly numbers
16, 37, 38 an
d 40). He (such as 20 and
also noticed that some houses 21 Broad Street
and 8
deathsforeseethi
and 9 Cambridge
Street) had had no . He had not n s, so he mad
furthinvestigatioa
e er ns. He discovered
that these people worked in the pub t 7 C
Streetfree and wate
ambridge . They had
been given beer so had not drunk the r f
ththa
rom e pump. It seemed t the water
was to blame.
DEFEATS
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Next,
John Snow looked into the fostreets
source of the water r these two . He
found
that it came from pollutedir
the river d by
the ty water from London. He imm
ediatelastonisheStreehandl
y told the d
people in Broad t to remove the e from the
thaused
pump so t it could not be . Soon
afterwards the disease slowed down. He
noa
of
had shown that cholera was spread by
germs and t in cloud gas.
Iparsupporti
n another t of London, he
found ng evidence from two other deaths
thalinkeoutbreak
t were d to the Broad
Street . A woman, who had moved away fr
Streethi
om Broad t, liked e water from
the pump so much that she had t delivered
daughteoafte
to her house every day. Both
she and her r died f cholera r drinking
waterthievidenccertai
the . With s extra e
John Snow was able to announce with nt
watecarrievirus
y that polluted r d the .
thiagaintha
To prevent s from happening
, John Snow suggested t the source o
thsuppliewateinstruct
f all e water s be
examined. The r companies were ed not to
to
watemoreFinallCholeradefeated
expose people
polluted r any . y was .
COPERNICUS’
REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
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Copernicufrightenehis
Nicolaus s was d and mind was confused.
Although he h
tthemalcalculatiotthconclusi
ad tried o
ignore , l his mathematical ns led o e same o
n: theartcentrthsystemi
that e h was not
the e of e solar . Only f you put the sun t
othe ithYecoul
here did the movements f
other planets n e sky make sense. t he d
telabout his theory as the
Christia
not l anyone powerful n Church would
have pun
isheideabelieve
d him for even
suggesting such an . They d God had made the wo
foreasospeciacentr
rld and r that n the
earth was l and must be the e of the solar
system
.
planetth
The problem arose because
astronomers had noticed that some s in e
theforwarloopOther
sky seemed to stop, move
backward and n go d in a . s appe
brighteand less bright at
strangitheart
ared r at times others. This was
very e f e h
centrosolaal
was the e f
the r system and l planets went round it.
Copernicuthoughlonthest
s had t g and
hard about e problems and tried o find
answerthe stars and used all his
an
. He had collected observations of mathematic
al explaithemBut hitheorthat.
knowledge
to n . only s new y could do So between
i
timprovinhitheorhe i
1510 and 1514 he
worked on , gradually g s y until felt t was
complete
.
iprivatelhis tth
In 1514 he showed t y to
friends. The changes he made o e old
theorrevolutionarfixethe thsola
y were y.
He placed a d sun at centre of e r system
witthand only moon still going round
h e planets going round it the the earth. He
thathwas ithi
also suggested t e earth
spinning as t went round the sun and s expl
aineof stars
d changes in the movement of
the planets and in the brightness the .
friendenthusiastideasCopern
His s were ic
and encouraged him to publish his , but i
cautioustbe Christia
cus was . He did not
want o attacked by the n Church, so he
i
only published it as he lay dying n
1543.
CertainlrigcarefuChristirejecttheory
y he
was ht to be l. The an Church ed his ,
iGod'i
saying t was against s idea and
people who supported t would be attacked.
Yet
Copernicus' theor is now the on alour of the
universe are
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basis which l ideas
builttheorthChristiagravitwhicthingfelt
.
His y replaced e n idea of y, h said s l o ea
ounivers
rth because God created the earth
as the centre f the e. Copernicus show
thitherlin
ed s was obviously wrong. Now
people can see that e is a direct k betwe
theorof Alber
en his y and the work
Isaac Newton, t Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
必修 5 Unit 2
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY
y
differencount
People may wonder why t
words are used to describe these four r
Irelanclarithis
ies: England, Wales,
Scotland and Northern d. You can fy question if
studBriti
you y sh history.
Firslinkeit ththirteent
t there was
England. Wales was d to in e h century. Now
when people refer to fin
England you d
Wales included as well. Next England and
Wales
were joined to centur
Scotland in the
seventeenth y and the name was chan
BritainHappilconflic
ged to t . y this was
accomplished without t when King Ja
KinwellFinall
mes of Scotland became g of
England and Wales as . y the English g
in
earlcenturthUnitegetti
overnment tried the y
twentieth y to form e d Kingdom by n
Irelanpeacefusoutherpart
g d connected in
the same l way. However, the n of Irela
unwillinand to form its own only
nd
was g broke away government. So Northern Ir
eland ScotlanthUnite
joined with England,
Wales and d to become e d Kingdom and
thi
s
was shown to the world in a new flag called the
Union Jack.
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theicredifouin some cur
To r t the r countries do work together areas
(eg, the r
internationrelationsstidifferenins
titution
ency and al ), but they ll have very
t s. For e
xampleIrelanhave
, Northern
d, England and Scotland different educational and
lega
as differfootbacompetition
l systems
well as ent ll teams for s like the World Cup!
ilargesthcountriesdivide
England s the t
of e four , and for convenience it is d r
nearesithe
oughly into three zones. The
zone t France s called South of England, t
calleMidlandthe t
he middle zone is d the
s and one nearest o Scotland is known a
the
North. finopopulatithe
s You d most f the on
settled in south, but most of the i
ndustrici
tieMidlandthEnglandAlthoughnationwide
al s in
the s and e North of . , , the
citiare
thosworld-famous football
se es not as
large as e in China, they have team
oIia
thathindustrcitiebuilt
s and some f them even
have two! t s pity t e ial s t in h
nineteentattravisitorFor you
e h century
do not ct s. historical architecture have to g
to smallewil
o older but r towns built by
the Romans. There you l find out more ab
ouBritishistorcultur
t h y and e.
historictreasuraliwititcollect
The
greatest al e of l s London h s museums, art io
nstheatrebuildingIt thcentrnationait
, s,
parks and s. is e e of l government and s ad
ministratiIt oldesbuithin fir
on. has
the t port lt by e Romans the st century AD, the
by the Anglo-ithe and the oldest castle
oldest building begun Saxons n 1060s cons
tructelateruleri1066fouof
d by r Norman
s n . There has been r sets invaders of E
nglandfirsthleftheiroadsth
. The t
invaders, e Romans, t r towns and . The second, e
letheitheigovernmentthirViking
Anglo-
Saxons, ft r language and r . The d, the s, infl
vocabularthe fourt
uenced the y and
place-names of North of England, and the h, t
lefcastleintroducfofood
he Normans, t s and
ed new words r .
If you look
around the British countryside you will find
evidence of all these
in vaders. You must keep
your eyes open if you are going to make your trip
to the
United Kingdom enjoyable and
worthwhile.
SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON
thtimavailablelisite
Worried about e e ,
Zhang Pingyu had made a st of the s s
he
wanted to see in London. Her firsdelighwas going t
the Tower. Iwas buil
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t t o t t
long ago by
the oFancystonesquar
Norman invaders f AD
1066. ! This solid , e tow
standinthe
er
had remained g for one thousand gh buildings had
expan
it, royahe
ded around it remained
part of a l palace and prison combined. To r gre
surprisespeciasoldi
at , Zhang Pingyu
found the Queen's jewels guarded by l royal e
speciaoccasionsfour-hundred-year-ti
rs who,
on l , still wore the old uniform of the m
oElizabetI
e f Queen h .
followebuilterribfiri
There d St Paul's
Cathedral t after the le e of London n 166
Ilookefirsbuiltoo, was interesting
6. t d
splendid when t t! Westminster Abbey, very .
Icontainewriter
t d statues in memory of
dead poets and s, such as Shakespeare.
Then
just as she came out thof
of the abbey,
Pingyu heard e famous sound the cl
ringinShe
ock, Big Ben, g out the hour. finished the
day by looking at the outside
Palaceito
of Buckingham , the Queen's house n London.
Oh, she had so much tell
friend
her s!
girvisititships
The second day the l ed
Greenwich and saw s old and famous c
thainterestethlongitudlin
lock t sets the
world time. What d her most was e e e. It is
imaginarlindividinof
an y e g the eastern
and western halves the world and is ver
fonavigatioIphot
y useful r n. t passes
through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a o taken
standineithsid
g on er e of the line.
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The last day she visited Karl
statuHighgat
Marx's e in e Cemetery. It seemed
st
range that the man had shoulhave
lived and died
who developed communism d
in
onlhe
London. Not y that, but had
worked in the famous reading room of the Libr
ary of BritisSadly the itorigina
the h
Museum. library had moved from s l place into
building old reading room was gone. But
thrille
another and the she was d by so m
wonderfufrom displayei
any l treasures
different cultures d n the museum. When she
visitorenjoyinlookinbeautifothe
saw many s
g g at the ul old Chinese pots and r obj
ects
on show, she felt of
very proud her
country.
Pingyfor CastleI
The
next day u was leaving London Windsor . will s
ee the Queen?
必修 5 Unit 3
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