人教版英语必修一课文电子版
新年儿歌-车间安全生产管理制度
Unit1 Friendship
Reading
ANNE’ S BEST FRIEND
Do you want a
friend whom you could tell everything to, like
your deepest feelings and
thoughts? Or are you
afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or
would not understand what
you are going
through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she
made her diary her best
friend.
Anne lived
in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War
II. Her family was
Jewish so the had to
hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.
She and her family
hide away for two years
before they were discovered. During that time the
only true friend
was her diary. She
said,
“ I don ’ t want to set down a
series of facts in a diary as most people
read
do, but I want this
diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my
friend Kitty.
how she felt after being in
the hiding place since July 1942.
Dear
kitty,
”
I wonder if it ’ s
because I haven ’ t been able to be outdoors for
so long that I crazy about
everything to do
with nature. I can well remember that there was a
time when a deep blue sky,
the song of the
birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept
me spellbound. That ’ s
changed
since I was here.
⋯ For example, when it
was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half
past eleven
one evening in order to have a good look at
the moon for once by myself. But as the moon
gave far too much light, I didn
’ t
dare open a window. Another time some months ago,
I
’ t go downstairs unti
’ d seen
the
happened to be upstairs one evening
when the window was open. I didn
entirely
in their power; it was the first time in a year
and a half that I
the
window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening,
the wind, the thundering clouds held me
face
⋯
⋯ Sadly ⋯ I am only
able to look at nature through dirty curtains
hanging before very
dusty windows. It ’ s
no pleasure looking through these any longer
because nature is one thing that
really must
be experienced.
Yours,
Anne
Reading and writing
Miss
Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is
also asking for some advice.
Read the letter
on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer
it.
Dear Miss Wang,
I ’ m a student from
Huzhou Senior High School. I have a problem. I
communicating with people. Although I try to
talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to
make good friends with them. So I feel quite
lonely sometimes. I do want to change this
situation, but I don
’ t know how. I
would be grateful if you could give me some
advice.
Yours,
Xiaodong
Dear Xiaodong,
I ’ m sorry you are
having trouble in making friends. However, the
situation is easy to
change if you follow my
advice. Here are some tips to help you.
’ m not very good
First, why not
?
If you do this,
⋯
Secondly, you could can
⋯
Then That way,
⋯
Thirdly, it
would be a good idea if
⋯
By doing this,
⋯
I
hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours
Miss Wang
Unit2
English around the
world
Reading
THE ROAD TO
MODERN ENGLISH
At the end of the 16th
century, about five to seven million people spoke
English. Nearly
all of them lived in England.
Later in the next century, people from England
made voyages to
conquer other parts of the
world and because of that, English began to be
spoken in many
other countries. Today, more
people speak English as their first, second or
foreign language
than ever before.
Native English speakers can
understand each other even if they don
kind of
English. Look at this example:
’ t speak
the same
British Betty: Would you like to see
my flat?
American Amy: Yes, I
’ d
like to come up to your apartment.
So why
has English changed over time? Actually all
languages change and develop when
cultures
meet and communicate with each other. At first the
English spoken in England between
about AD 450
and 1150 was very different from the English
spoken today. It was based more on
German than
the English we speak at present. Then gradually
between about AD 800 and 1150,
English became
less like German because those who ruled England
spoken first Danish and later
French. These
new settlers enriched the English language and
especially
its vocabulary. So by the
1600 ’ s Shakespeare was able to make use of a
wider vocabulary than ever
before. In 1620
some British settlers moved to America. Later in
the 18th century
some British people were
taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken
in
both countries.
Finally
by the 19th century the language was settled. At
that time two big changes in
English spelling
happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his
dictionary and later Noah Webster
wrote The
American Dictionary of the English Language. The
latter gave a separate identity
to American
English spelling.
English now is also
spoken as a foreign or second language in South
Asia. For example,
India has a very large
number of fluent English speakers because Britain
ruled India from
1765 to 1947. During that
time English became the language for government
and education.
English is also spoken in
Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa
such as South
Africa. Today the number of
people learning English in China is increasing
rapidly. In fact,
China may have the largest
number of English learners. Will Chinese English
develop its own
identity? Only time will
tell.
Using Language
STANDARD ENGLISH
AND DIALECTS
What is standard English? Is
it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia,
India and
New Zealand? Believe it or not,
there is no such thing as standard English. Many
people
believe the English spoken on TV and
the radio is standard English. This is because in
the
early days of radio, those who reported
the news were expected to speak excellent English.
However, on TV and the radio you will hear
differences in the way people speak.
When people use words and expressions
different form
“standard language ”, it is
called
a dialect. American English has
many dialects, especially the midwestern,
southern, African
American and Spanish
dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two
people from
neighbouring towns speak a little
differently. American English has so many dialects
because people have come from all over the
world.
Geography also plays a part in making
dialects. Some people who live in the
mountains
of the eastern USA speak with an
older kind of English dialect. When Americans
moved form
one place to another, they took
their dialects with them. So people from the
mountains in the
southeastern USA speak with
almost the same dialect as people in the
northwestern USA. The
USA is a large
country in which many different dialects are
spoken. Although
many Americans move a lot,
they still recognize and understand each other
’ s dialects.
Reading and speaking
Amy and her
American friends are visiting London. They plan to
visit Amy
nd decide
to go there by
underground, but cannot find the nearest
underground station. So she asks
directions
and then tells her friends. Read the dialogue and
circle the words that mean the
same.
AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma. Could you tell me where
the nearest subways is?
LADY: Er...the
underground? Well, go round the corner on your
left-hand side, straight
on and cross two
streets. It
’ ll be
-onhandyoursideright.
AMY: Thanks so
much.
FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy?
AMY: She told us to go around the corner on
the left and keep going straight for
two
blocks. The subway will be on our right.
Unit3 Travel journal
Reading
JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
PART 1 THE
DREAM AND THE PLAN
My name is Wang Kun.
Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I
have
dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain
bike
and then she persuaded me to buy one.
Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu
Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai
and grew up in western Yunnan Province near
the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the
river that is called the Mekong River in other
’ s aunt a
countries. Wang Wei soon got them
interested in cycling too. After graduating from
college.
we finally got the chance to take a
bike trip. I asked my sister,
my sister who
first had the idea to cycle along the entire
Mekong River from where it begins
to where it
ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the
trip.
I am fond of my sister but she
has one serious shortcoming. She can be really
stubborn.
Although she didn't know the best
way of getting to places, she insisted that she
organize the
trip properly. Now, I know that
the proper way is always her way. I kept asking
her,
we leaving and when are we coming
back?
Of course, she hadn't; my sister doesn't
care about details. So I told her that the source
of the
Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave
me a determined look — the kind that said she
would not change her mind. When I told her
that our journey would begin at an altitude of
more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be
excited about it. When I told her the air would be
hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she
said it would be an interesting experience. I
know my sister well. Once she has made up her
mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to
give in.
Several months before our trip, Wang Wei
and I went to the library. We found a large
atlas with good maps that showed details of
world geography. From the atlas we could see
that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a
Tibetan mountain. At first the river is small
and the water is clear and cold. Then it
begins to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it
passes
through deep valleys, travelling
across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the
river
becomes a waterfall and enters wide
valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half
of the
river is in China. After it leaves
China and the high altitude, the Mekong becomes
wide ，
brown and warm. As it enters
Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide
bends or
meanders through low valleys to
the plains where rice grows. At last, the river
delta enters the
South China Sea.
Reading and discussing
JOURNEY DOWN
THE MEKONG
PART 2 A NIGHT IN THE
MOUNTAINS
Although it was autumn, the snow
was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legs
were so
heavy and cold that they felt like
blocks of ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ride
bicycles?
That's what we looked like! Along
the way children dressed in long wool coats
stopped to look
at us. In the late afternoon
we found it was so cold that our water bottles
froze. However, the
lakes shone like glass in
the setting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei
rode in front of me
as usual. She is very
reliable and I knew I did't need to encourage her.
To climb the
mountains was hard work but as we
looked around us, we were surprised by the view.
We
seemed to be
able to see for miles. At one point we were so
high that we found ourselves
cycling through
clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was
great fun especially as it
gradually became
much warmer. In the valleys colourful butterflies
flew around us and we
saw many yaks and sheep
eating green grass. At this point we had to change
our caps, coats,
gloves and trousers for
T-shirts and shorts.
In the early
evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our
tent and then we eat.
After supper Wang Wei
put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep
but I stayed
awake. At midnight the sky became
clearer and the stars grew brighter. It was so
quiet. There
was almost no wind-only the
flames of our fire for company. As I lay beneath
the stars I
thought about how far we had
already travelled.
We will reach Dali
in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei
and Yu Hang
will join us. We can hardly wait
to see them!
Unit4 Earthquakes
Reading
A
NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange
things were happening in the countryside of
northeast Hebei. For three days the
water in
the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
Farmers noticed that the well walls had
deep
cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the
cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and
even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice
ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At
about 3:00 am on july28,1976,some people saw
bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes
could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even
when no planes were in the sky. In the city,
the water pipes in some buildings cracked and
burst. But the one million people of the city,
who thought little of these events, were asleep as
usual that night.
At 3:42 am
everything began to shake. It seemed as if the
world was at an end! Eleven
kilometers
directly below the city the greatest earthquake of
the 20th century had begun. It
was felt in
Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers
away. One-third of the nation
felt it. A huge
crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty
meters wide cut across houses,
roads and
canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard
hills of rock became rivers of
dir. In fifteen
terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The
suffering of the people was
extreme. Two-
thirds of them died or were left without parents.
The number of people who
were killed or
injured reached more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was
natural? Everywhere they looked nearly
everything was destroyed. All of the city's
hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings
and
90% of its
homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like
red autumn leaves. No wind,
however, could
blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the
bridges also fell or were not
safe for
travelling. The railway tracks were now useless
pieces of steel. Tens of thousands
of cows
would never give milk again. Half a million pigs
and millions of chickens were dead.
Sand now
filled the wells instead of water. People were
shocked. Then, later that afternoon,
another
big quake which was almost as strong as the first
one shook Tangshan. Some of the
rescue workers
and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More
buildings fell down. Water,
food, and
electricity were hard to get. people began to
wonder how long the disaster would
last.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the
quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to
Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds
of thousands of people were helped. The
army
organized teams to dig out those who were trapped
and to bury the dead. To the north
of the
city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from
the coal mines there. Workers built
shelters
for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Fresh water was taken to the city by
train,
truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe
again.
Reading and speaking
Office of the City Government
Tangshan, Hebei
China
July5,2007
Dear____,
Congratulations! We are pleased to tell you
that you have won the high school speaking
competition about new Tangshan. Your speech
was heard by a group of five judges, all of
whom agreed that it was the best one this
year. Your parents and your school should be
very proud of you!
Next
month the city will open a new park to honour
those who died in the terrible
disaster.
The park will also honour those who helped the
survivors. Our office would like to
have you
speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am.
As you know, this is the day
the quake
happened thirty-____years ago.
We invite you to bring your family
and friends on that special day.
Sincerely,
Zhang Sha
Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
Reading
ELIAS’ STORY
My name
is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South
Africa. The time when I first met
Nelson
Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I
was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went
for advice. He offered guidance to poor black
people on their legal problems. He was
generous with his time, for which I was
grateful.
I needed his help because I
had very little education. I began school at six.
The school
where I studied for only two years
was three kilometers away. I had to leave because
my
family could not continue to pay the school
fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write
well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold
mine. However, this was a time when one had got
to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
Sadly I did not have it because I was not born
there, and I worried about whether I would
become out of work.
The day when
Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
He told my how
to get the correct papers so I
could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful
about
my future. I never forgot how kind
Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth
League, I joined it as soon as I could. He
said:
“The last thirty years have
seen the greatest number of laws stopping our
rights and
progress, until today we have
reached a stage where we have almost no rights at
all.
It was the truth. Black people
could not vote or choose their leaders. They could
not
get the jobs they wanted. The parts of
town in which they had to live were decided by
white
people. The places outside the towns
where they were sent to live were the poorest
parts of
South Africa. No one could grow food
there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“ we were put into a position in which we had
either to accept we were less important
or fight the government. We chose to attack
the laws. We first broke the law in a way
which
was peaceful; when this was not
allowed ⋯ only then did we decide
toolenceanswerwithvi
violence.
As a matter of fact, I do not like
violence
⋯ but in 1963 I helped him blow
up some
government buildings. It was very
dangerous because if I was caught I could be put
in prison.
But I was happy to help because I
knew it would help us achieve our dream of making
black
and white people equal.
Reading and
discussing
THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine
how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It
was a prison
from which no one escaped. There
I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I
got there
Nelsom Mandela was also there and he
helped me. Mr. Mandela began a school for those of
us who had little learning. He taught us
during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we
should have been asleep. We read books under
our blankets and used anything we could
find
to make candles to see the words. I became a good
student. I wanted to study for my
degree but I
was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela
allowed the prison guards to join
us. He said
they should not be stopped from studying for their
degrees. They were not
cleverer than me , but
they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a
degree too. That
made me feel good about
myself.
When I finished the four
years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was
better educated,
I got a job working in an
office. However, the police found out and told my
boss that I had
been in prinson for blowing up
government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not
work again for
twenty years until M r Mandela
and the ANC came to power in 1994. All that time
my wife and
children had to beg for good
and help from relatives or friends. Luckily
Mr.
Mandela remembered me and gave me a
job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben
Islannd. I felt bad the first time I talked to
a group. All the terror and fear of that time came
back to me. I remembered the beatings and the
cruelty of the guards and my friends who had
died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but
my family encouraged me. They said that the job
and the pay from the new South African
government were my reward after working all my
life
for equal rights for the Blacks. So now
at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison,
for I
helped to make our people free in their
own land.